Reflections and Improvements on China’s Asset-Backed Securities Information Disclosure System

Asset-backed securities are developed through complex processes such as asset restructuring and credit enhancement.Therefore,the information asymmetry between issuers and investors is greater compared to traditional securities,which imposes higher requirements on information disclosure for asset-backed securities.Asset-backed securities have characteristics such as diversified disclosers,differentiated disclosure content,and specialized risk factors.China has already formulated a series of rules and regulations regarding information disclosure of asset-backed securities.It is imperative to develop specialized laws and regulations for asset-backed securities,encompass original equity holders and credit enhancement agencies as information disclosers,incorporate information such as underlying asset details,cash flow projections,and credit ratings and enhancements into the disclosure content,and improve the legal liability rules to effectively address false disclosures.

Virtual Water Trade and Food Security for Iraq

Iraq depends on its water resources from the water of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and their tributaries. Now, the flow of these rivers is decreasing, and Iraq is experiencing a water shortage problem. The situation is expected to be graver in the future if no action is considered. It is expected that the population will be about 70 million in 2050 and about 90 million in 2070. In such a case, thus, the quantities of water available in the future will not be sufficient to produce most of the requirements of food security, whether that be from agricultural or animal products. To overcome this problem, water management planning should be based on scientific background to overcome the present and expected problems. One of the main factors to be considered should be based on scientific studies of the virtual water footprint of different food crops to provide the largest possible amount of virtual water and avoid the acute shortage of its national water from surface and ground irrigation water (blue water) and rainwater (green water), in addition to working hard to provide the largest possible amount of desalinated water and refined sewage (gray water). In addition, any strategic plan for sustainable development in the country must be comprehensive so that it is not satisfied with improving the situation in the field of food security related to water security, but rather among its other elements is community development that directly affects food security, including setting policies to reduce consumption by reducing the steady increase in population where the population rate is 2.97% now. Collective awareness and guidance programs in all the fields of water and food security are very important to be adopted, so that everyone knows that the issue of food security and what derives from it are an existential issue related to the survival of Iraq as a state and people. In this research, facts are stated so that action is to be considered to minimize the water shortage problem. The new strategic water resources management plan is to be adopted that considers existing and future expected problems.

Security and Optimization Challenges of Green Data Centers

Energy consumption in data centers has grown out of proportion in regard to the state of energy that’s available in the universe. Technology has improved services and its application. The need for eco-friendly energy and increase in data centers performance brought about Green Computing into the energy consumption of data centers. Information technology has grown and eaten deep into the society that almost all the sectors if not all are dependent on information technology to move on. The consumption of power has increased greatly. In this research paper the techniques for optimizing energy in data centers for Green Computing would be discussed. This study intends to expose the limitations of existing security solutions for securing data centers by taking into consideration of limitations of existing security frameworks that cannot enhance the security of data centers.

Risk assessment of agricultural green water security in Northeast China under climate change

Northeast China is an important base for grain production,dominated by rain-fed agriculture that relies on green water.However,in the context of global climate change,rising regional temperatures,changing precipitation patterns,and increasing drought frequency pose threats and challenges to agricultural green water security.This study provides a detailed assessment of the spatiotemporal characteristics and development trends of green water security risks in the Northeast region under the base period(2001-2020)and the future(2031-2090)climate change scenarios(SSP245 and SSP585)using the green water scarcity(GWS)index based on raster-scale crop spatial distribution data,Delta downscaling bias-corrected ERA5 data,and CMIP6 multimodal data.During the base period,the green water risk-free zone for dry crops is mainly distributed in the center and east of the Northeast region(72.4% of the total area),the low-risk zone is primarily located in the center(14.0%),and the medium-risk(8.3%)and high-risk(5.3%)zones are mostly in the west.Under SSP245 and SSP585 future climate change scenarios,the green water security risk shows an overall expansion from the west to the center and east,with the low-risk zone increasing to 21.6% and 23.8%,the medium-risk zone increasing to 16.0% and 17.9%,and the high-risk zone increasing to 6.9% and 6.8%,respectively.Considering dry crops with GWS greater than 0.1 as in need of irrigation,the irrigated area increases from 27.6%(base period)to 44.5%(SSP245)and 48.6%(SSP585),with corresponding increases in irrigation water requirement(IWR)of 4.64 and 5.92 billion m~3,respectively,which further exacerbates conflicts between supply and demand of agricultural water resources.In response to agricultural green water security risks,coping strategies such as evapotranspiration(ET)-based water resource management for dry crops and deficit irrigation are proposed.The results of this study can provide scientific basis and decision support for the development of Northeast irrigated agriculture and the construction planning of the national water network.

Research on ＂bridge＂ mode of mine security production management

Realized new break-through on the basis of existing security management theory, tentatively and creatively carried out ＂realizing management theory of mine security production＂ and proposed ＂bridge＂ mode of realizing green management theory. Green management theory has an integrated system structure. The green management system of mine security production includes three parts, the foundation of green system, the supervision system of green system operation and the safeguard system of green system. The key of ＂bridge＂ mode is to analyze the existing insecurity factors in the process of security production and establish corresponding regulations.

中国产业链绿色低碳转型思考

近年来,绿色低碳转型成为全球新一轮产业竞争的前沿端口,国际产业链和分工体系正发生深度演变,全球性的绿色低碳发展新赛道正逐步形成。产业链绿色低碳转型不仅是我国实现“双碳”目标的必然要求,也是抢抓全球低碳经济发展新机遇的主动作为,立足于全球产业链绿色低碳转型的影响要素及作用传导机理,探究中国产业链绿色低碳转型面临的国内外双重机遇和挑战,提出新发展格局下持续推动产业结构和能源结构调整的现实逻辑。从积极参与全球气候治理、加快发展方式绿色转型、改革低碳绿色政策机制角度对中国产业链绿色低碳转型提出具体建议。

全球供应链发展特点及趋势分析

供应链的数字化、供应链的绿色低碳可持续发展、供应链的韧性与安全是当前全球供应链发展的三大特点。供应链的数字化发展是形势所迫,数字化的链接和数字化的共生这两个特征也决定了供应链发展数字化方向。通过数字化来实现价值创造能力的提升,通过数字化来推进组织协同能力的提升。通过供应链的转型升级,真正运用数字化形成价值创造的能力;通过绿色低碳可持续发展,形成发展优势;通过韧性和安全能力的不断提升,形成自主可控的供应链。

俄乌冲突以来的欧洲经济:表现、原因、政策应对与前景

俄乌冲突以来,由冲突引发的能源危机使欧洲经济遭受极大冲击。欧盟经济陷入衰退:通胀高企,进出口萎缩,政府赤字问题突出,成员国经济表现普遍疲软,尤其是德国经济问题突出。俄乌冲突下的欧洲经济,呈现出衰退、停滞、缓慢复苏的阶段性和一定程度上分化的特点,这与欧盟对俄罗斯的能源依赖、贸易联系等结构性成因以及新冠疫情余波、冲突自身的特殊性等临时性因素有关。为应对俄乌冲突,欧洲中央银行实行多轮加息,欧盟及其成员国实施了寻求能源替代、保障民生的短期措施,这基本上摆脱了对俄罗斯能源的依赖,一定程度上展现出欧盟经济的韧性。除此之外,欧盟还出台了加速能源转型、强化经济安全等长期措施,取得了一定成效。未来,欧盟经济或将缓慢复苏,但其同时面临严峻的地缘政治风险;欧盟及成员国的短期政策应对需权衡保留与退出,长期政策将面对多重挑战。俄乌冲突持续下欧盟经济的前景仍然充满不确定性,“危”与“机”并存。

我国上市公司ESG评级现状分析

为系统考察分析我国上市公司ESG评级现状情况,以2018—2022年内参与Wind、华证、富时罗素、商道融绿、盟浪ESG评级的上市公司为研究样本,采用定性分析法从ESG评级指标体系、企业数量、行业分布、公司性质、上市板块、地区分布等方面比较分析我国ESG评级现状。研究发现:各机构ESG评级体系中一级指标选取较为统一,二级指标选择上具有差异性;参与ESG评级的企业集中于制造业,以民营企业居多,ESG评级等级主要集中于B等级,A、C等级分布存在差异性,呈现出“中间多,两边少”的特点,各机构参与ESG评级的企业主要位于东部地区。基于以上结论,提出应加快实现“本土化”ESG评级体系发展,完善我国ESG信息披露统一指引和加大监管力度、充分发挥媒体等外部治理作用的建议。

农户数字素养对化学农药减量使用的影响及其机制研究

推进农药减量化是全方位夯实粮食安全根基,加快农业绿色发展的必然要求。本文立足于我国农业绿色转型和数字经济快速发展的实践背景,探讨分析了农户数字素养对其化学农药减量使用的影响。本文基于中国家庭金融调查数据,构建了农户数字素养指数,发现农户数字素养提升会显著促使其农药使用减量。从农药使用的三个重要环节施药者、施药机械选择和施药技术出发,探索了这种影响的内在机制,发现了数字素养提升可以帮助农户树立绿色生产理念、选择高效施药机械、学习科学施药技术。异质性分析表明,数字素养对小规模种植户、未转入耕地的农户、所在村没有农业职业经理人的农户的农药使用减量边际效应更显著。本文的边际贡献在于,提供了数字技术介入对农户生产决策行为的影响效果,揭示了农户数字素养对农药使用决策的重要性。在推进农业农村现代化和大力实施乡村振兴战略的背景下,本文的研究结论为促进绿色农业发展和保障粮食安全提供了微观基础和有益启示。

绿色低碳转型背景下能源安全评估体系重构与启示

能源安全是国家安全的重要组成部分、能源系统绿色低碳转型的重要前提,其内涵已从传统化石能源供应安全拓展至包含稳定供应和可持续利用的更丰富维度。本文构建了绿色低碳转型目标下的新型能源安全评估体系,以美国、英国、中国、印度等18个国家为例识别了能源安全的演变特征。研究发现:在面向绿色低碳转型目标的多元化能源安全评估体系下,英国、日本、中国等油气资源匮乏国家的能源安全性显著提升,阿联酋、俄罗斯等国家在国际能源市场上的主导地位被削弱;全球进一步发展可再生能源将强化这一趋势。在绿色低碳转型背景下,能源安全水平与可持续发展水平呈高度正相关,可持续发展程度较高的国家在能源转型中更具优势;敏感性分析显示,尽管化石能源供应仍是各国能源安全的主导因素,但多元化供应、可持续利用在能源安全中的重要性显著提升。为此建议,把握转型契机,发挥我国在可再生能源领域的资源优势,健全能源治理体系,以可持续发展为重点举措,提高能源安全水平,为提升我国在国际能源市场中的话语权和主动性提供支撑。

基于SWAT模型的黑河中游蓝绿水安全时空变化分析

蓝水和绿水是淡水资源循环的两个组成部分,反映了人类活动和生态系统可利用水资源,用来评估区域水资源的安全状况,优化区域水资源管理。然而,目前对于同时揭示蓝绿水资源安全之间潜在联系的空间规律的研究还较为缺乏。地处西北内陆干旱区的黑河中游的生态环境保护和社会经济发展之间的用水矛盾日益加剧,导致水资源供需关系渐趋紧张,影响区域可持续发展。以黑河中游为研究区,采取多源地理数据,基于SWAT模型分析了黑河中游2000—2020年期间子流域尺度上蓝水和绿水资源的可用性,进而结合用水需求,定量评估了蓝水资源和绿水资源安全的时空变化。结果表明:(1)率定期和验证期R2与NSE均>0.7,说明观测径流与模拟径流之间一致性较好,构建的SWAT模型在蓝绿水安全研究中较为可靠。(2)黑河中游的年平均绿水资源量是蓝水资源量的4倍,是该地区的主要水资源。从空间分布来看,蓝绿水资源的空间分布具有较大的差异性,蓝水资源大多分布于南部林草地和干流两侧的农田灌区,而绿水从南部向北部呈现递减趋势(2)由于水资源供给和需求的空间不匹配,蓝水资源的安全性较低,不安全地区位于中部农田集中区,而绿水资源安全性较高且整体较为稳定,空间差异不大。研究结果可为区域水资源持续管理提供参考。

绿色生态视域下的保障性住区设计探讨——以哈尔滨市保利广信江城为例

随着城市化进程的加速,保障性住区的规划与建筑设计愈发重要,尤其是在绿色生态视域下,保障性住区规划与建筑设计需要更多考量生态环境、资源利用和居民生活质量等方面问题,从而实现城市的可持续发展。以哈尔滨市保利广信江城为例,以绿色生态视角为基础,结合前沿的居住区规划设计理念,分别从规划设计、建筑设计、景观设计3个层面探讨了如何将节能环保的技术措施融入保障性住区的设计之中,展示了绿色生态视域下的保障性住区设计的创新与发展,以期为类似相关项目提供有益参考。

以控碳降碳为引领 深化能源安全新战略

近年来,我国积极推动能源生产和消费革命,能源结构不断优化,能源效率持续提升,碳排放强度大幅下降,能源相关污染物排放和碳排放得到有效控制,绿色低碳发展取得显著成效。新形势下,我国能源转型面临的环境气候约束进一步增强,协同推进产业结构和能源结构调整的困难增多,统筹实现区域绿色低碳协调转型的挑战加大,深化能源科技创新和体制机制建设的形势复杂。建议以控碳降碳为引领,强化推动重点领域节能降碳,持续优化能源供给结构,促进绿色低碳能源技术创新,提升碳排放等资源环境要素市场化配置水平,深入推进低碳能源的国际合作,为促进我国经济社会全面绿色转型发展奠定坚实基础。

构建绿色生物化学实验室的必要性分析

生物化学实验室是化工行业技术发展、行业教学的重要依托,在当前可持续发展的时代背景下,推行绿色化学生物理念实现绿色生物化学实验室成为实验室建设的主要目标。基于此,对绿色生物化学实验室构建必要性进行了简要阐述,从材料、末端处理等方面探讨了生物化学实验室的绿色管理策略。研究内容可为绿色生物化学实验室的科学构建与完善提供一定的理论支持。

信息通信技术若干发展趋势

信息通信技术正在快速演进,历经策源创新、迭代创新和融合创新3个阶段,这3个阶段既有先后次序,又相互重叠。根据当前新一代信息通信及相关技术的发展情况,提出了一个总体技术发展框架,进而据此对几个方面的技术发展趋势做了展望。总体来看,信息通信技术发展和以往相比将更加多元化、融合化和一体化。

高标准基本农田建设政策对农产品贸易逆差的影响——基于粮食安全和绿色发展的双重视角

文章立足于粮食安全与绿色发展视角,基于2005—2017年省级面板数据,运用广义双重差分法等实证考察高标准农田建设政策实施对农产品贸易逆差格局的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,高标准农田政策实施对农产品贸易逆差存在显著的“纾解效应”,并且该项结论在平行趋势检验等一系列稳健性检验下仍然成立;异质性分析表明,相较于西部地区,政策效应在中东部地区更为明显;作用机制分析发现,政策实施不仅可以通过巩固粮食安全而减少对农产品进口的过度依赖来改善农产品贸易逆差,而且可以通过加速农业绿色发展进程、规避绿色贸易壁垒而增加农产品出口来改善农产品贸易逆差。文章的政策建议是加强高标准农田建设投入、灵活调整政策实施的区域布局结构和强化粮食安全与绿色发展的路径依赖,继而改善农产品贸易逆差格局。

粮食干燥绿色低碳技术现状与展望

粮食干燥是保障国家粮食安全的重要生产环节,但干燥低碳减排技术处于落后状态。基于粮食机械化干燥技术现状,分别从干燥系统供热方式、干燥工艺设计和干燥控制技术3个方面分析了粮食干燥高能耗的主要原因,重点比较了机械化干燥工艺与节能改进方法;梳理干燥理论与智能调控研发历程,讨论粮食干燥智能化技术特征和进展,分析了粮食干燥智能化存在信息感知困难、算法精度差、控制策略单一等问题;提出了粮食干燥理论研究范式创新、干燥装备设计与工艺优化、干燥智能控制方法体系构建等产业发展建议,为粮食干燥节能减排新技术创新及产业高质量发展提供借鉴。

新型电力系统加快建设 电力安全保供和绿色转型稳中有进——2023年我国电力发展形势及2024年展望

2023年是全面贯彻党的二十大精神的开局之年,全年经济社会发展主要目标任务圆满完成。电力行业积极面对新形势、新要求,推动新型电力系统加快建设,实现电力安全保供和绿色转型稳中有进,为推动我国经济社会高质量发展提供了坚实保障。本文论述了2023年我国电力消费变化特征、新型电力系统建设进展,分析了全年电力供需形势,总结了适应新型电力系统的电力体制机制新成效。最后,综合考虑经济回升、行业发展和天气气候等因素,展望了2024年电力供需形势并提出相关建议。

“数据要素×”背景下数智化赋能工业绿色发展转型的机制、路径与政策研究

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