Chlorogenic acid complex(CGA7),standardized extract from green coffee beans exerts anticancer effects against cultured human colon cancer HCT-116 cells

Coffee is commonly consumed beverage in the world and it has been suggested to have beneficial effect.Chlorogenic acids(CGAs)are main ingredient of coffee beans which has been extensively used in nutraceuticals and medicine.Recently,various therapeutic effects of chlorogenic acids have been investigated.However,there are limited studies to investigate its anticancer properties.In the present study,we have used chlorogenic acid complex(CGA7)a decaffeinated water soluble green coffee bean extract to evaluate its cytotoxic effect on human and mouse cancer cell lines by using different approaches.From our results we found CGA7 treatment induces cell death in a dose and time dependent manner in different cancer cell lines.Further,CGA7 induced apoptosis was characterized by DNA fragmentation,PARP-1 cleavage,caspase-9 activation,and down regulation of Bcl-2,an anti-apoptotic protein and up regulation of pro-apoptotic protein BAX.Overall findings indicated that CGA7 complex a potent anticancer molecule found in green coffee beans could be a safe bioactive ingredient for prevention of cancer.

Green coffee bean extract improves obesity by decreasing body fat in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Objective:To evaluate possible lipid catabolism and body fat regulation effects of 3-caffeoylquinic acid in Green coffee bean extract(GCBE) in high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice.Methods:Obesity was induced in mice using a HFD for four weeks.Then,mice were fed only HFD or HFD with GCBE at 50,100,and 200 mg/kg.Fatty acid synthesis mechanism regulation of body fat was investigated through real-time PCR and Western blot assay.Body fat reduction was measured through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.Results:In HFD-induced obese mice,GCBE treatment significantly decreased body weight gain,liver weight and white adipose tissue weights with regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis hormones,like adiponectin and leptin.GCBE treatment decreased mR NA expression levels of adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism related genes in adipose tissues and the liver,and decreased the corresponding protein expression.Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements were used to compare body fat between mice on high-fat and those treated with GCBE.GCBE treated mice had a lower fat mass compared to HFD alone fed mice and relative body weight and fat mass were markedly decreased.Conclusions:GCBE has a potential anti-obesity effect with lowering body fat accumulation by regulating adipogenesis and lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins in WAT and liver.

Green coffee bean hydroalcoholic extract accelerates wound healing in full-thickness wounds in rabbits

Background:Green coffee beans contain biochemical compounds including caffeine,chlorogenic acid,trigonelline,and diterpenoid alcohols.In traditional Iranian medicine,coffee bean powder is used for the treatment of wounds.Previous studies have shown that green coffee bean extract has a number of health benefits,including induction of weight loss,reduced blood pressure,and hepatoprotective and anti-Parkinson effects.The aim of this study was to investigate the wound-healing activity of green coffee bean extract on a full-thickness wound model.Methods:Full-thickness wounds of 20×20 mm were created on the back of New Zealand white rabbits.The animals were divided into 6 groups.Three concentrations of green coffee bean extract(5%,10%,and 15%w/w)in a eucerin base were applied over the wounds in 3 test groups.One percent phenytoin cream was used in one group as a positive control.The rabbits of negative control and vehicle groups received no treatment and eucerin,respectively.For the evaluation of green coffee bean extract’s wound-healing effects,measures included:(1)wound-closure rate,by daily measuring of the wound surface area and calculating the reduction in area;(2)period of epithelialization,the number of days until the scab dropped from the wound;(3)hydroxyproline content,measured by a hydroxyproline assay kit;(4)lipid peroxidation,measured by a lipid peroxidation assay kit;and(5)histopathological state(hematoxylin-eosin stain)of wound-tissue samples on days 7 and 14 post-wounding.Results:The results of this study showed significantly enhanced wound-closure rate,shorter period of epithelialization(P<0.01),increased hydroxyproline content(P<0.001)and suppressed lipid peroxidation(P<0.001 on day 14)of wounds on animals treated with the 10%green coffee bean extract compared to the negative control and eucerin-treated groups.Moreover,the therapeutic effects of 10%green coffee bean were significantly superior than those of phenytoin on enhancing wound-closure rate,decreasing period of epithelialization(P<0.05),increasing hydroxyproline content(P<0.001 on day 7 and P<0.0001 on day 14)and suppressing lipid peroxidation(P<0.0001 on day 14).In addition,histopathological study supported the wound healing activity of green coffee bean extract.Conclusion:Our results showed that green coffee bean extract has a potential for promoting wound healing,thus supporting its traditional use for this purpose.

Technical Regulations for Production of Green Food--Adzuki Beans

According to the experiment and production practice,this paper brings forward the technical regulations on the production technology,the environmental conditions of production area,the output index,the site selection and land preparation,the variety selection and seed quality,the fertilization,the sowing,the field management,the pest and disease control,the harvesting,the storage,the filing etc. about the adzuki beans in Qingyang City.

秸秆还田及磷细菌对土壤微生态及豆角产量的影响

为研究秸秆还田及外源添加磷细菌对土壤微生态及农作物产量的影响,以玉米秸秆和具有解磷能力的恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)为研究对象,通过在设施大棚中栽培豆角,研究了不同处理对土壤和豆角根际解磷类细菌数量、土壤有效磷含量、解磷能力以及豆角产量的影响。研究结果显示,玉米秸秆(处理1)、玉米秸秆+磷细菌(处理2)、磷细菌(处理3)三个处理的土壤中解磷类细菌数量有较大差异,其中处理2数量最高,比对照区高31.89%,差异显著(P<0.05);三个处理均能明显增加豆角根际解磷类细菌数量,差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),其中处理2最高,比对照高86.30%,差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);三个处理土壤有效磷含量均明显高于对照,差异显著(P<0.05),其中处理2最高,比对照高9.8%;三个处理土壤解磷能力差异较大,处理1和处理2可明显提高土壤解磷能力,分别比对照高50.2%和65.2%,差异极显著(P<0.01);三个处理对豆角均有增产效果,但差异较大,处理2比处理1、处理3产量增加明显,分别增产6.8%、10.3%,差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);处理2比对照增产15.5%,差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)。研究结果表明,玉米秸秆配合外源添加磷细菌恶臭假单胞菌,较单一使用玉米秸秆和磷细菌可显著增加土壤及豆角根际解磷类细菌数量、增加土壤有效磷含量、提高土壤解磷能力、促进豆角增产,说明玉米秸秆和磷细菌有相互促进作用。本研究可为秸秆还田和磷细菌田间施用方法的研究和应用提供参考。

咖啡豆红外喷动床干燥对其粉末物性品质、干燥能耗及挥发性成分的影响

为获得高品质干燥咖啡豆,采用红外喷动床组合干燥技术对咖啡豆进行干燥处理,研究不同进口温度和进口风速对咖啡粉色泽、堆积密度、休止角、得粉率、持水能力和水溶性指数、微观结构、干燥能耗及挥发性成分的影响。结果表明,提高进口温度和进口风速可以加快干燥速率,缩短干燥时间,降低干燥能耗。采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用共检测出7大类(酸类、酯类、醛类、醇类、酮类、杂环类及其他类)挥发性化合物,其中酸类、酯类、醇类、杂环类4类为咖啡豆主要挥发性化合物且含量较高。综合对比得出最佳干燥条件为进口温度75℃,进口风速7.5 m/s,在此条件下,L*值和堆积密度取得最大值,分别为106.59和0.65 g/mL,休止角取得最小值36.87°,得粉率、持水能力和水溶性指数取得最大值,分别为43.43%、5.4 g/g和41.27%,干燥能耗取得最小值336.53 kJ/g,形态结构保存较为完整,壁面光滑平整,检测到的挥发性成分种类最高达70种,含量为38 487.028 49 ng/g(以干基计),咖啡豆综合品质最佳。该研究可为红外喷动床干燥技术在咖啡豆干燥加工及工业化生产中的应用提供参考。

脉动流化床内青刀豆颗粒的混合特性数值模拟

青刀豆一般采用流化床装置进行速冻。为了解决其床层堵塞和聚集不良的问题,进一步提高青刀豆的混合效率,课题组建立了三维混合脉动流化床模型,将计算流体力学与离散单元法(computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method,CFD-DEM)相结合,探究1,2,4和8 Hz 4种不同频率的脉动进口风速下青刀豆颗粒的流化混合情况。仿真结果表明:脉动流化床对于青刀豆颗粒混合具有一定改善作用,青刀豆颗粒的轴向混合强于径向混合,4 Hz时颗粒混合标准偏差值最小;当进口风速的频率接近颗粒的自主振动频率时,床层膨胀最明显,出现类似“共振”的现象;2 Hz时颗粒径向、轴向混合效果最佳,频率过大或过小对于流态化增强效果不明显。

芸豆普通细菌性疫病绿色防控措施建立

为筛选出一种简便、成本低且环保的方法提高芸豆普通细菌性疫病防治效果,提高籽粒产量和品质,以芸豆品种垦芸15为试验材料,采取裂区试验设计,主因素为种植密度(M),副因素为防控次数(T),在芸豆花期喷施混合杀菌剂(丙环唑乳油20 g·L^(-1)+35%喹啉铜40 g·L^(-1)+四霉素悬浮剂40 g·L^(-1)+30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂30 g·L^(-1)+30%苯甲20 g·L^(-1))处理,通过调查病情指数、防治效果、产量、株高等指标,明确不同种植密度下绿色防控措施对芸豆普通细菌性疫病的防治效果。结果表明,在不进行防控措施时,芸豆普通细菌性疫病的发病指数随种植密度的增加而升高。不同种植密度下,芸豆普通细菌性疫病的发病率随防控次数的增加而显著下降,各种植密度下均以T3处理下的防效最高,其中M1T3、M2T3和M3T3的防效分别达到75.05%、73.97%和84.11%。同时,各种植密度下,与不防控相比较,T3处理下芸豆产量的上升幅度分别达到11.52%、9.03%和8.68%。通过比较效益分析,建议在芸豆低种植密度时进行2次防控,而中、高种植密度时则需防控3次。

Characterization of New Ent-kaurane Diterpenoids of Yunnan Arabica Coffee Beans

Five new ent-kaurane diterpenoids,named mascaroside Ⅲ–Ⅴ(1–3),and 20-nor-cofaryloside Ⅰ–Ⅱ(4–5),together with seven known diterpenoids,were isolated from methanol extracts of the green coffee beans of Yunnan Arabica Coffee.Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses.Meanwhile,cytotoxicity assay against HL-60,A-549,SMMC-7721,MCF-7 and SW480 cell lines showed that they have not evident inhibition of cytotoxicity.

四川盆地及周缘地区早三叠世富锂绿豆岩的岩浆作用制约

四川盆地及周缘地区早-中三叠世地层发育大量富锂绿豆岩,前人系统开展过大量矿物学及年代学研究,但对其中锂成矿物质来源及其富集机理等方面研究较为薄弱,区域岩浆作用与沉积型锂矿的成因关系不明。本文通过对重庆北碚绿豆岩的矿物学、岩石地球化学、锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学及锆石Lu-Hf同位素特征研究,并与四川盆地及周缘地区的绿豆岩进行对比,结果显示四川盆地及周缘绿豆岩层位内锂的富集规律表现为绿豆岩层的下部及中部层位锂含量明显高于上部层位的锂含量。北碚绿豆岩成岩时代为248±2Ma,源岩为流纹质英安岩/英安岩,为早三叠世火山弧岩浆作用的产物。北碚绿豆岩、四川盆地周缘绿豆岩与西南三江地区早三叠世岩浆活动具有明显的成因联系,是西南三江地区火山岩浆活动在四川盆地及周缘地区的响应。四川盆地及周缘地区绿豆岩内锂富集主要与区域火山岩浆作用及后期深部流体有关,西南三江地区早三叠世中酸性火山岩浆作用为四川盆地及周缘地区绿豆岩的形成提供了充足的火山灰及部分锂成矿物质,火山灰降落之后受深部流体作用而进一步富集锂,最终经埋藏成岩作用而形成含硅质豆粒的富锂绿豆岩。

Nanoparticle Treatments Based on Zinc Oxide and Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts Alleviate Salinity Stress in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Salinity stress limits crop growth and productivity, including legumes in various regions worldwide. The impact of foliar-applied zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) and combined zinc nano-loaded with moringa extracts (ZnONPs) on salt tolerance in faba beans (cultivar, Giza-716) grown under saline soil (50 and 100 mM NaCl) was investigated. Moringa oleifera extract has been used as a chelating agent to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles. The crystalline structure, morphology, and chemical composition of ZnO nanoparticles were studied using various characterization techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Morphological, chemical, and biochemical parameters of plants at 60 and 90 days after sowing were assessed. Salinity stress caused a remarkable reduction in growth traits, photosynthetic pigments and proline levels of the faba bean. Foliar spray with ZnNPs and ZnONPs on faba bean grown under saline soils promoted plant growth parameters (i.e., shoot length, numbers of leaves, relative water content, shoot and roots fresh and dry weights), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids), proline and mineral elements (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Zn2+) compared to control. However, at 100 mM NaCl, there were no significant variations in the mentioned parameters. This study suggested that there is potential for foliar spraying with ZnNPs and ZnONPs in improving growth parameters, photosynthesis efficiency and biochemical aspects of faba bean plants under saline conditions.

Effects of Rotating Summer Green Manure Crops and Straw Returning in Paddy Field on Rice Quality and Yield

[Objectives] The aim was to explore the biological mechanism of green manure on improving soil fertility in paddy soil.[Methods] Early rice （chemical fertilizer） was used as a control to study the effects of returning green manure crops of mung bean, lablab bean to paddy fields and organic manure application on the bulk density, nutrient content, nutrient content and yield of rice soil.[Results] The soil bulk density in each treatment was significantly lower than that of the basic soil. The soil bulk density of treatment I was the least of 1.52 g/cm 3. The nitrogen content of rice in treatment IV was significantly higher than that of treatment I, treatment II, and treatment III. The phosphorus and potassium contents of rice in treatment III and treatment IV were significantly higher than those of treatment I and treatment II. Returning green manure crops to field and applying organic fertilizers could increase the polished rice ratio and reduce the chalkiness degree, chalkiness ratio and protein content of rice. The gel consistency of rice grain in treatment I was significantly higher than that of treatment II, treatment III and treatment IV. The rice of treatment III had the highest number of effective panicles per plant, 1 000-grain weight, theoretical yield and actual yield, respectively, 14.07 panicles/plant, 32.58 g, 6 236.27 kg/hm^2 and 5 086.80 kg/hm^2.[Conclusions] This study provided a theoretical basis for proposing good green manure varieties suitable for the continuous improvement of paddy soil quality.

南方冬闲田绿肥鲜食两用蚕豆产业发展策略及建议

绿肥鲜食两用蚕豆作为粮、饲、菜、肥兼用的经济作物,是随着农业产业结构调整及农业供给侧结构性改革而产生的产业新类型。充分利用冬闲田种植绿肥鲜食两用蚕豆,不仅可以解决冬闲田闲置而造成的土地浪费问题,还能促进农民增收和农业可持续发展,符合现代农业的发展要求。研究从冬闲田的利用现状、绿肥鲜食两用蚕豆种植模式及效益、两用蚕豆发展需求3个方面梳理冬闲田形成的原因,思考进一步利用绿肥鲜食两用蚕豆在冬闲田周年种植的模式。提出建议:筛选适宜于南方种植的品种,研发配套适宜于南方的栽培技术和绿色标准化生产技术,优化周年高效种植模式和构建种养循环新模式,创新优化冷链物流技术和速冻加工技术,探索鲜食蚕豆修复重金属污染效果。为解决南方冬闲田大量闲置的问题及绿肥鲜食两用蚕豆的进一步推广应用提供参考。

四季豆在中国的传入、传播与本土化发展

四季豆原产于中南美洲,地理大发现以后由欧洲人带至世界各地。16至18世纪,在殖民与海上贸易的过程中,四季豆由美洲传至东南亚地区,进而又传入我国东南沿海与西南边疆地区。但四季豆并未在东南沿海地区获得长足发展,而是在云贵高原逐渐发展起来。清康熙以后,四季豆以云贵高原为中心,逐渐向全国推广开来,到清末时四季豆已传至东北地区,大致呈现出由西南向东北传播的特点。民国以后,随着近现代农作物育种事业的发展,四季豆得到进一步推广,逐渐成为各地的常见蔬菜之一。自传入至今,四季豆在中国经历了本土化发展的过程。地域性的称呼、因地制宜的栽培方式、多重功能的发挥等,都是四季豆本土化的具体表现。

咖啡生豆多糖提取及抗氧化活性

目的:为咖啡中多糖成分的研究和天然活性多糖的开发提供基础数据。方法:研究了云南小粒咖啡生豆多糖(GBP)的水提工艺和抗氧化活性。应用响应面法对咖啡生豆多糖提取工艺进行优化;运用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)共同鉴定和表征咖啡生豆多糖的结构特点。采用DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基清除试验和FRAP法评估咖啡生豆多糖体外抗氧化能力。结果:咖啡生豆多糖水提法的最佳工艺条件:提取温度59℃、提取时间45 min、液料比(V水∶m咖啡生豆)21∶1 (mL/g)、浓缩体积1/8及乙醇体积分数75%,该条件下咖啡生豆多糖得率达9.56%。多糖样品经红外光谱和电镜扫描显示咖啡生豆是表面呈不规则的孔状结构的多糖。咖啡生豆多糖对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基清除能力分别为2.32 mg/mL(IC50)、0.011 mmol Trolox/g GBP,铁还原能力为0.95 mmol Fe2+/g GBP。结论:咖啡生豆多糖是具有抗氧化活性的不规则孔状结构多糖,具有进一步研究和开发的价值。

桉树林下间种黄豆和绿豆土壤理化性质研究

为探明桉树林下间种黄豆和绿豆土壤理化性质差异,为南亚热带地区桉树人工幼林林下宜种的间作物筛选及生长适应性研究提供科学依据。以林下间种黄豆和绿豆的桉树林为研究对象,对不同林地土壤容重、有机质等土壤理化性质进行分析。结果表明:相较于纯林,间作林在土壤理化性质上存在显著优势,其中桉树-黄豆间作林和桉树-绿豆间作林的土壤容重分别优于纯林22.2%和12.6%,最大持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量分别优于纯林29.8%和27.3%、57.8%和52.9%、63.3%和59.2%,孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度分别较纯林高18.3%和13.9%、73.5%和60.2%、21.6%和16.6%;pH值分别比纯林高15.4%和12.3%,碱解氮、有效磷和有效钾含量分别较纯林高75.3%和24.7%、35.2%和18.8%、11.9%和8.9%,有机质含量分别比纯林高8.7%和10.8%,全氮分别比纯林高23.4%和30.9%,而间作林与纯林间的全磷和全钾含量无显著性差异。桉树人工林与豆科作物间作,能够显著改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤透气性、透水性及保水能力,降低土壤酸性,提高有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效钾和速效磷含量,更有利于土壤水源涵养和土壤肥力提升。

响应面优化绿豆玉米面烧饼的工艺研究

为提升烧饼的营养品质,在单因素试验基础上,以绿豆玉米面烧饼产品的气味、口感和结构等作为评价指标,并应用响应面法对原始配方进行工艺优化,得到绿豆玉米面烧饼最佳工艺参数为:面粉150 g,玉米面36 g,绿豆面12 g,水添加量77.5 g,水温32.1℃,发酵温度33.2℃,发酵时间42.6 min,在此条件下制作烧饼的感官评价得分为95.6分,与预测值(95.8分)基本一致。

四季豆高产栽培重点分析及病虫害管理

四季豆也被称之为芸豆、扁豆,其富含维生素、蛋白质、矿物质、氨基酸,具有健脾养胃、消暑化湿、益气补血、增强免疫力等多重功效,深受消费者喜爱,这极大的推动着四季豆种植业发展。四季豆种植时,栽培技术是否科学、病虫害管理是否到位,都会对四季豆产量、质量造成极大的影响,因此做好栽培管理工作意义重大。文章以徽州区临河蔬菜基地为例,分析了四季豆高产栽培技术要点,探讨了四季豆主要病虫害防治措施,以期为四季豆高产栽培提供参考。

绿豆新品种“凤绿3号”的选育及栽培技术

“凤绿3号”是安徽科技学院从采自湖南郴州的野生绿豆资源中获得的自然变异单株,经多年系统选育形成的新品系,于2022年通过安徽省非主要农作物品种鉴定登记委员会审定,审定编号为皖品鉴登字第2108017。介绍了“凤绿3号”的选育过程、特征性状、田间试验情况和栽培技术要点。在2018—2021年连续几年的田间品比试验中,“凤绿3号”表现出明显的生长优势、产量优势和抗逆性能,其鲜草生物量平均达18583.0 kg/hm^(2),比对照铜山小绿豆增产19.4%,种子产量平均为2457.0 kg/hm^(2),与对照铜山小绿豆相当;在区域试验中,“凤绿3号”的平均鲜草重18886.5 kg/hm^(2),比对照高19.6%,平均种子产量2314.5 kg/hm^(2),与对照相当;同时,该品系鲜草的游离氨基酸和粗脂肪比对照铜山小绿豆增加了10%以上,粗纤维含量降低了5.68%,其干草的氮磷钾养分含量与对照基本持平,具备较高的饲用价值、饲用适口性和肥用价值。

罗平生物群下部凝灰岩锆石年龄及其地质意义

二叠纪大灭绝之后到生物复苏经历了漫长的6Ma,大灭绝对生态环境的摧毁和之后环境动荡是使复苏时间推迟的根本原因。在罗平生物群(安尼期)下部发现的火山活动证据——凝灰岩(华南地区广泛分布的绿豆岩),其锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄为246.6±1.4Ma,新的年龄数据对罗平生物群年龄下限提供了约束,为生物复苏与辐射提供了精确时间点,且为区域地层对比和划分提供了时间框架。