Pollution Dispersion in Urban Street Canyons with Green Belts

In this study,numerical simulations were used to explore the effects of roadside green belt,urban street spatial layout,and wind speed on vehicle exhaust emission diffusion in street canyon.The diffusion of different sized particles in the street canyon and the influence of wind speed were investigated.The individual daily average pollutant intake was used to evaluate the exposure level in a street canyon microenvironment.The central and leeward green belts of the road were the most conducive to the diffusion of pollutants,while the positioning of the green belts both sides of a road was least conducive to the diffusion of pollutants.Pollutant levels increased with increasing canopy height,canopy width,and decreasing tree spacing,with optimal values of 12 m,7 m,and 0.4 H,respectively.This provides protection from pollution for low-rise residents and pedestrians.The results presented here can be used to improve the air quality of the street microenvironment and provide a basis for the renovation of old street buildings.

From the Iron Curtain to the European Green Belt Creating a Vision for a 2^nd Transformation to a Life-Sustaining Europe/World

The European Green Belt developed from the wasteland of the former death strip along the iron curtain over decades to a green life line of biodiversity. It is an ecological network with a unique natural and cultural heritage, an emotional human and political history, meaning and transformative power. Due to the former border situation, it is a transnational green infrastructure with biodiversity hotspots in a more and more fragmented, intensively used and degraded European landscape and connects people from 24 European countries and valuable landscapes. But now, nearly 30 years after the peaceful transition in 1989, the gaps in the European Green Belt cover already 50%. These gaps are not protected and are subject to adverse effects, like ongoing landscape fragmentation and ongoing chemo-industrial agriculture. Alarming signals of a new death zone are not only the gaps within the European Green Belt, but generally and closely related the mass extinction of species, climate change, resource depletion, financial and economic crisis, demographic change, emigration, unemployment and/or precarious work worldwide. To save the European Green Belt and life on earth there is a great need ofa 2^nd transformation to a life-sustaining world.

An Evaluation of Air Pollution Tolerance Index and Anticipated Performance Index of Some Tree Species Considered for Green Belt Development: A Case Study of Nandesari Industrial Area, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

It is well renowned that trees have capacity to reduce the air pollution. It is mandatory to expand tree plantation in industrial area to minimize the threat of pollutants. For green belt development, it is necessary to use plants that are tolerant to air pollution. The present study includes Air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of selected plant species with the help of biochemical analysis. On the basis of APTI and some other socioeconomic and biological parameters of plants, Anticipated Performance Index (API) was calculated. Out of twelve species, Ficus benghalensis showed to be the most efficient among others. As per classification of API, Ficus religiosa tree species is classified into the moderate category. Based on the APTI and API, appropriate plant species for green belt development in industrial area were identified and recommended for mitigating the pollution.

Planning of Industrial Land for Green Belts in Chaoyang District of Beijing:Its Effects, Dilemmas, and Solutions

Beijing's green belt policy is three-fold:fi rstly to protect farmers' interests during urbanization, secondly to control the urban expansion, and thirdly to improve the ecological environment. The planning of industrial land for green belts has thus emerged as a way to help achieve these goals during Beijing's urban growth from morphological, social, and economic perspectives. First of all, this paper introduces the implementation mechanisms of the planning of industrial land for green belts, from which it abstracts a model of land adjustment and urban-rural cooperation. Secondly, the paper analyzes the effects and current dilemmas during the implementation of the planning of industrial land for green belts. Thirdly, results are compared with other spontaneously developed industries in the rural-urban fringe area to illustrate the changes brought about by the planning. Finally, the paper proposes three measures for future improvement, including balancing the industrial land use quotas between different townships, conducting cooperative land adjustment, and encouraging spontaneously developed industrial projects.

Priority placed on planting trees to extend green belts

Changsha-The central govern-ment is urging provincial officials toprotect and expand the green belts intheir areas. Local officials were urged to putthe"green drive"on the top of theiragendas by State Councillor ChenJunsheng,addressing a national con-ference on tree planting. Chen said at a conference that anaccountability system monitoringtheir performance would be intro-duced to ensure action on this"veryimportant task." Chen.speaking at the workingconference of National AfforestationCommittee.criticized some officialsfor their"over-enthusiasm in boost-ing the economy"by deforestingsome areas and turning them into"de-velopment zones."

Industrial Green Spatial Pattern Evolution of Yangtze River Economic Belt in China

We use the directional slacks-based measure of efficiency and inverse distance weighting method to analyze the spatial pattern evolution of the industrial green total factor productivity of 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2003–2013.Results show that both the subprime mortgage crisis and ‘the new normal' had significant negative effects on productivity growth,leading to the different spatial patterns between 2003–2008 and 2009–2013.Before 2008,green poles had gathered around some capital cities and formed a tripartite pattern,which was a typical core-periphery pattern.Due to a combination of the polarization and the diffusion effects,capital cities became the growth poles and ‘core' regions,while surrounding areas became the ‘periphery'.This was mainly caused by the innate advantage of capital cities and ‘the rise of central China' strategy.After 2008,the tripartite pattern changed to a multi-poles pattern where green poles continuously and densely spread in the midstream and downstream areas.This is due to the regional difference in the leading effect of green poles.The leading effect of green poles in midstream and downstream areas has changed from polarization to diffusion,while the polarization effect still leads in the upstream area.

Wild foods(plants and animals)in the green famine belt of Ethiopia:Do they contribute to household resilience to seasonal food insecurity?

Background： The role of wild foods in combating problems of food shortage is paramount. However, existin, approaches to combat food insecurity shock have generally focused on reducing vulnerability via increasing productivity of domesticated foods. In contrast, approaches that enhance resilience mainly through wild fooc sources have been less focused. This study examined the contribution of wild foods to household resilience to food insecurity in the green famine belt of Ethiopia. Methods： A cross-sectional survey of 220 households was conducted using a structured questionnaire, key informant interviews, and semi-participant observations. Factor analysis was run using SPSS to analyze data. Correlation analysis was used to examine the direction and strength of association between wild foods and the income and food access （IFA）, a latent proxy indicator of resilience. Cross-tabulation was also run to determine the proportion of households in each ethno〈ulture group under each resilience category. Results： The mean amount of wild foods obtained by households was 156.61 kg per household per annum. This was about 5 % and 9 % of, gross and, net food available from all sources respectively. Wild foods contributed well to household resilience as the factor loading （Factor2 = 0.467） was large enough and were significantly correlated with IFA （r-- 0.174）. Wild vegetables were the most collected and consumed type of wild foods constituting 52.4 % of total amount of wild foods. The total amount of wild foods was smaller than that of domesticated sources of food. The majority of households （38.6 %） reported ＂reduced source of wild foods＂ as a reason for this. Smaller proportion of the indigenous （11.2 %） than the non-indigenous （34.1%） ethno-culture group reported one or more reasons for their lower level of dependence on wild foods. Conclusion： From the study we concluded that wild foods had important contribution to households＇ resilience to food shortages and are likely to continue to contribute in the future, this being more to indigenous than non-indigenous ethno-culture group. Therefore, a resilience building policy that incorporates wild foods should be adopted, and research that aims at exploring their current status and future prospect are urgently required.

Integrating Green Tourism of Jiangxi Province into “One Belt and One Road” Strategy

"One Belt and One Road" is a signifi cant move of China to further deepen reform and opening up and improve economic development, and also a key working point of the future national development. This paper, on the basis of study on "One Belt and One Road" strategy and current situation of green tourism in Jiangxi, proposed that green tourism in Jiangxi could integrate into the construction of "One Belt and One Road" from the four perspectives of information flow, cultural flow, traffic flow and regional collaboration flow, which contributed to the implementation of national strategies, promoted green tourism development of Jiangxi, and showed the "exceptionally beautiful scenes" of Jiangxi.

Green development of industries in Yangtze River Economic Belt

Green development is the keynote of Yangtze River Economic Belt. It must insist on ecology preferential and green development which is not only respectation of natural laws but also the economic laws and social laws. The article uses SWOT analytic method to analyze the internal and external surroundings of the green development of Yangtze River Economic Belt on the basis of getting a clear understanding of its present developing status. Based on this the article puts forward the strategy pattern and path selection of green development of Yangtze River Economic Belt.

中国在全球气候治理领域的战略传播:路径、内容及影响

作为向国际社会展示气候政策、承诺和成就的重要传播策略,战略传播在提升中国气候政策国际影响力以及塑造中国治理形象方面发挥了重要作用。借助组织传播、人际传播、媒介传播等多元的战略传播路径,中国在全球气候治理领域的政策、立场及治理成效得到了全方位、立体化的对外宣示。这种宣示既很好地传递了中国“天人合一”的气候治理理念,也积极引导了全球气候治理议程。以绿色“一带一路”的战略传播为例,它不仅展示了中国在全球气候治理和可持续发展方面的引导力,也体现了中国在国际合作、公众参与和应对全球挑战方面的努力。实践表明,中国的气候治理及战略传播经验可以帮助发展中国家更好地应对气候变化挑战,同时也在全球气候治理进程中发出自己的声音。

淮河生态经济带绿色城镇化发展现状及对策分析——以淮南市为例

随着我国经济社会的飞速发展,淮河以其固有的地理位置,在全国经济发展中的地位日益突出,特别是淮河生态经济带上升为国家战略以后,区域内人口质量、经济发展、环境保护以及城乡协调等均有所提升,但差距依然十分明显。文章在分析淮河经济带发展现状的基础上,从淮河生态经济带环境保护和生态修复、深化经济体制改革、加强人才发展和促进城乡一体化发展方面提出对策。

长江经济带产业绿色转型升级:进展、挑战与路径

产业绿色转型升级是长江经济带实现高水平保护和高质量发展的重要支撑。近年来,长江经济带坚持共抓大保护、不搞大开发,坚持生态优先、绿色发展,产业结构和工业结构持续优化,绿色产业成为经济增长新引擎;积极推动产业绿色低碳技术改造,绿色制造体系初步建立;稳步推进沿江化工企业“关改搬转”,产业布局与产业结构更加合理。新时代,长江经济带产业绿色转型升级面临着传统行业规模大、企业内生动力不足、长效机制尚未形成、基础能力相对薄弱以及区域产业协同不畅等多方面挑战,下一阶段,长江经济带产业绿色转型升级应着重加强基础性工作,健全发展机制、优化发展环境、增强企业绿色转型升级的内在动力和能力。

长江经济带知识产权保护与城市绿色技术创新效率——基于创新价值链视角的空间效应分析

基于创新价值链视角,将绿色技术创新活动分解为科技研发和成果转化两个阶段,对2011—2020年长江经济带108个城市知识产权保护的绿色创新效应进行实证分析。结果表明:(1)知识产权保护对本地绿色技术创新总效率及其子阶段效率的直接影响均显著为正;空间效应结果表明,知识产权保护对科技研发效率存在正向空间溢出效应,对成果转化效率则具有负向空间溢出效应,但对总效率的空间影响效应依然为正。(2)强化知识产权保护能够通过吸引外商直接投资、促进金融发展、提高人力资本质量三种渠道促进城市绿色技术创新效率提升。(3)异质性分析表明,长江经济带下游城市强化知识产权保护有利于推动科技研发效率和成果转化效率的提升;而中上游城市加强知识产权保护对科技研发效率的提升作用并不显著,对成果转化效率甚至具有消极影响。本文结论为长江经济带推进知识产权保护建设和绿色技术创新发展提供了有益启示。

数字经济赋能长江经济带绿色发展:机制、异质性及策略

数字经济作为加快发展新质生产力的重要措施,对于促进产业绿色化转型、提升绿色全要素生产率发挥着重要作用。以2011—2022年长江经济带108个地级市的面板数据为研究对象,深入探讨数字经济对长江经济带绿色全要素生产率的提升路径,结果表明:第一,数字经济能显著促进绿色全要素生产率的提升;第二,产业结构升级、人力资本以及绿色技术创新在两者关系中起到了重要的机制传导作用;第三,异质性检验结果显示,数字经济对提升长江经济带下游地区绿色全要素生产率的促进作用更加明显。面对长江经济带在利用数字经济推动绿色发展时仍面临的区域发展不平衡、产业结构调整难度大和绿色技术创新转化效率低等问题,建议通过加强区域协调发展、优化数字基础设施、激励企业创新及培养高端人才等策略,实现长江经济带绿色全要素生产率的全面提升。

长江经济带高端服务业绿色发展研究

绿色发展和可持续发展是当今世界的潮流。高端服务业是绿色服务业,绿色是服务业发展的方向。在国际发展绿色化的大背景下,长江经济带必须通过绿色发展,发展附加值高、技术先进的高端服务业,实现产业结构的绿色重组。创新高端服务业发展模式是促进长江经济带绿色发展的重要保障。文章以长江经济带省市面板数据作为研究对象,从省际层面对长江经济带高端服务业绿色发展进行评价。实证分析结果表明:绿色创新、绿色信贷、产业结构变迁、经济开放程度等会促进长江经济带高端服务业绿色发展。建议长江经济带在国家战略引导下,通过实质性绿色政策的推进,发挥中心城市在高端服务业发展中的领头作用,实现现代产业体系的绿色转型。

绿色物流与区域经济时空耦合及影响因素——以长江经济带为例

基于绿色发展视角,运用熵权-TOPSIS法、耦合协调模型及空间杜宾模型等方法,对长江经济带11省市2012—2021年绿色物流与区域经济耦合协调度的发展水平、时空演变趋势及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:长江经济带各省市绿色物流与区域经济耦合协调度在波动中上升,从上游至下游呈现“较低—低—较高”的空间分异格局,空间差异随时间变化表现出缩小态势。政府干预程度、产业结构升级与对外开放程度对本地区耦合协调度起积极促进作用,金融发展水平存在阻碍作用;产业结构升级对邻近地区耦合协调度的提升具有正向促进作用,环境规制与金融发展具有负向抑制作用。在此基础上,提出实现绿色物流与区域经济协调发展的政策建议。

基于博弈论的蒙古国经济社会-生态环境耦合协调度驱动因素及其特征研究

蒙古国生态环境持续恶化及中蒙边境生态屏障薄弱是2国面临的共同发展问题,但目前全国尺度下综合性、多要素的经济社会与生态环境耦合协调发展类型、特征及驱动因素等尚缺乏定量评估,影响了中蒙双方共建“一带一路”绿色发展格局的统筹推进.本文总结了蒙古国经济社会及生态环境发展现状,采用AHP-CRITIC-博弈论法计算指标要素主客观组合权重,综合评价了蒙古国经济社会-生态环境发展的耦合协调度.结果表明,2005−2021年蒙古国经济社会-生态环境耦合协调度呈现波动上升趋势,耦合协调度类型始终属于严重失调类型,生态环境发展滞后是目前发展阶段的特征.社会发展水平和生态环境禀赋是经济社会子系统和生态环境子系统的主要驱动因素.皮尔逊相关性分析表明,水域面积和森林资源减少、水质恶化以及沙尘天气等灾害/事故响应增加与经济社会稳步发展的不匹配可能是导致该特征形成且耦合协调度始终较低的原因.为推动双边绿色发展战略深化对接,中蒙2国应在促进经济社会发展交流的同时,深化加强生态环境保护修复力度以恢复生态环境禀赋的交流合作.

淮河生态经济带数字经济对绿色技术创新的影响研究

创新是发展的第一动力.绿色技术创新能够带动国家经济向着循环可持续的方向前进,从而提升经济质量.基于淮河生态经济带特殊的战略定位,本文以淮河生态经济带为研究对象,分析该区域数字经济对绿色技术创新的影响.研究发现:数字经济的发展能够显著促进淮河生态经济带绿色技术创新水平的提升,并具有显著的空间溢出效应.同时,数字经济的发展对淮河生态经济带绿色技术创新水平的促进存在明显的区域差异,对淮河生态经济带中西部内陆崛起区的促进效果要明显好于东部海江河湖联动区和北部淮海经济区.另外,东部海江河湖联动区数字经济与绿色技术创新水平较高,对周围区域的溢出效果要大于中部区域.最后,根据研究结论,从促进淮河生态经济带数字经济发展的角度提出政策建议,以提升该区域绿色技术创新能力.

绿色技术创新效率及其时空差异——基于长江经济带74个城市的实证研究

为缓解城市自然资源和生态环境等突出问题,绿色技术创新已成为长江经济带城市绿色发展、高效发展的关键保障。论文以2014—2018年长江经济带74个城市的面板数据为研究对象,采用非期望产出的超效率SBM模型和Malmquist生产率指数来衡量绿色技术创新的效率,结果表明:(1)长江经济带城市绿色技术创新效率的总体水平较低,且各城市的发展极为不均。(2)从空间分布来看,位于长江下游地区的城市绿色技术创新效率表现较好且发展水平也较稳定,而中上游城市的改进空间较大。(3)从动态变化来看,在整个研究期间,样本城市整体绿色全要素生产率提高了13.1%,技术创新效率指数提高了4.5%,技术进步变化指数提高了12.1%。通过上述的实证分析,为推动长江经济带城市绿色技术创新效率提升,提出相应的政策建议。

北京绿化隔离地区村庄发展路径与困境——以崔各庄乡为例

在政策与规划推动建设下的城市绿带或绿化隔离地区往往位于城市边缘区,土地功能、社会和经济结构变化剧烈,政策强制力与市场推动力在绿隔地区的发展中交错作用,使绿隔村庄的发展状况和面临的问题十分复杂。文章以北京第二道绿化隔离地区崔各庄乡为例,从政策和市场两个方面分别梳理影响绿隔地区建设的驱动力量,总结崔各庄中绿隔村庄的发展路径,分析绿隔建设过程中遇到的困境。研究表明,近十年,崔各庄乡村庄有四种发展路径共存:企业主导的国有非建设用地开发型、村集体主导的村庄艺术绅士化型和集体土地合作开发型,以及村民主导的瓦片经济型。它们在政策、市场共同作用下出现,体现出当地规划尺度落位、人口集散等方面的矛盾。