Rice is very sensitive to low zinc(Zn) supply in submerged paddy soils and Zn deficiency is one of the major limiting factors in determining rice production in India. A field experiment was conducted during the summer...Rice is very sensitive to low zinc(Zn) supply in submerged paddy soils and Zn deficiency is one of the major limiting factors in determining rice production in India. A field experiment was conducted during the summer-rainy seasons of 2009 and 2010 at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to determine the effects of summer green manure crops and Zn fertilizers on diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)-extractable(available) Zn concentration in soil and total Zn content in Basmati rice cultivar Pusa Basmati 1 at periodic intervals. Summer green manure crops included Sesbania aculeata(Dhaincha),Crotalaria juncea(Sunhemp), and Vigna unguiculata(Cowpea) and the Zn fertilizers used were ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)-chelated Zn, ZnSO4·7H2O, ZnSO4·H2O, ZnO, and ZnSO4·7H2O + ZnO. Beneficial effects of summer green manure crops and Zn fertilizers on DTPA-extractable Zn concentration in soil and total Zn content in dry matter of Basmati rice at periodic intervals were observed, with significant increases in all the determined parameters, in comparison with those in the control(no Zn application or summer fallow). The rate of increase varied among summer green manure crops and Zn fertilizers during both years. Among the summer green manures, incorporation of S. aculeata led to a significant increase in mean Zn content in Basmati rice grain and straw when compared with C. juncea, V. unguiculata, and summer fallow treatments. Among the Zn fertilizers, significant increases in Zn content in Basmati rice dry matter and DTPA-extractable Zn concentration in soil during various growth stages of the plant were recorded with EDTA-chelated Zn application, followed by the application of ZnSO4·7H2O, ZnSO4·H2O, ZnSO4·7H2O + ZnO, ZnO,and no Zn. The highest mean Zn content in Basmati rice grain and straw was recorded with EDTA-chelated Zn application in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The application of ZnSO4·7H2O was the second best treatment after EDTA-chelated Zn;however, it was statistically inferior to EDTA-chelated Zn. The lowest values were recorded with the control(no Zn application) during both years of study. The amount of Zn concentration in soil was found to be significantly positively correlated with the Zn content in Basmati rice dry matter during both years. Significantly higher levels of residual fertility in soil after the harvest of Basmati rice were observed with application of EDTA-chelated Zn and incorporation of S. aculeata when compared with those of other Zn sources and summer green manures.展开更多
【目的】研究绿肥、稻草不同还田模式对湘南地区水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响,为绿肥、稻草还田技术的推广和土壤培肥提供理论依据。【方法】2013—2018年在湘南红壤地区开展了6年田间小区定位试验,共设置6个处理,分别为冬闲+稻草不还田(CK...【目的】研究绿肥、稻草不同还田模式对湘南地区水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响,为绿肥、稻草还田技术的推广和土壤培肥提供理论依据。【方法】2013—2018年在湘南红壤地区开展了6年田间小区定位试验,共设置6个处理,分别为冬闲+稻草不还田(CK)、冬种紫云英+稻草不还田(MV)、冬闲+早稻草全部还田(RS1)、冬闲+早、晚稻草全部还田(RS2)、冬种紫云英+早稻草全部还田(RS3)、冬种紫云英+早稻草全部还田+晚稻留高茬还田(RS4),各处理均施等量化肥。每季收获后测产,计算平均产量、产量变异系数和可持续指数。2017年晚稻收获后,取0—20 cm土层土壤样品,测定其养分含量和水稳性团聚体含量。【结果】与CK相比,除R S 1处理外,其余处理早稻、晚稻和周年平均产量均显著提高,增幅分别为6.6%~24.6%、11.9%~28.8%和9.0%~26.5%,以RS4处理增产效果最显著,其晚稻和周年平均产量均显著高于其他还田处理。与CK相比,除RS1处理早稻和MV处理晚稻外,其余处理早、晚稻产量变异系数均下降,且均以RS3处理最低;除晚稻MV处理外,其余处理早、晚稻产量可持续系数保持不变或提高,且早、晚稻均以RS3处理最高。试验开展5年后,各处理土壤有机质含量与初始土壤相比均明显提高,绿肥、稻草还田处理除RS1外均显著高于CK,RS4处理还显著高于RS1处理;各处理土壤全氮含量较2013年均有所降低,但绿肥、稻草还田处理较CK下降幅度小,MV和RS3处理全氮含量显著高于CK。土壤速效钾含量除MV和RS3处理低于CK外,其他处理均有不同程度的增加。粒径>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体以RS2处理最高,达68.9%。【结论】绿肥联合早稻草全部还田和晚稻留高茬还田措施可提高土壤有机质含量,稳定土壤氮素供应的长期效果显著,是湘南红壤地区水稻高产稳产和可持续发展相对较好的耕作制度,能够有效促进水稻增产,改善土壤理化性质,稳定氮素供应。展开更多
文摘Rice is very sensitive to low zinc(Zn) supply in submerged paddy soils and Zn deficiency is one of the major limiting factors in determining rice production in India. A field experiment was conducted during the summer-rainy seasons of 2009 and 2010 at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to determine the effects of summer green manure crops and Zn fertilizers on diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)-extractable(available) Zn concentration in soil and total Zn content in Basmati rice cultivar Pusa Basmati 1 at periodic intervals. Summer green manure crops included Sesbania aculeata(Dhaincha),Crotalaria juncea(Sunhemp), and Vigna unguiculata(Cowpea) and the Zn fertilizers used were ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)-chelated Zn, ZnSO4·7H2O, ZnSO4·H2O, ZnO, and ZnSO4·7H2O + ZnO. Beneficial effects of summer green manure crops and Zn fertilizers on DTPA-extractable Zn concentration in soil and total Zn content in dry matter of Basmati rice at periodic intervals were observed, with significant increases in all the determined parameters, in comparison with those in the control(no Zn application or summer fallow). The rate of increase varied among summer green manure crops and Zn fertilizers during both years. Among the summer green manures, incorporation of S. aculeata led to a significant increase in mean Zn content in Basmati rice grain and straw when compared with C. juncea, V. unguiculata, and summer fallow treatments. Among the Zn fertilizers, significant increases in Zn content in Basmati rice dry matter and DTPA-extractable Zn concentration in soil during various growth stages of the plant were recorded with EDTA-chelated Zn application, followed by the application of ZnSO4·7H2O, ZnSO4·H2O, ZnSO4·7H2O + ZnO, ZnO,and no Zn. The highest mean Zn content in Basmati rice grain and straw was recorded with EDTA-chelated Zn application in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The application of ZnSO4·7H2O was the second best treatment after EDTA-chelated Zn;however, it was statistically inferior to EDTA-chelated Zn. The lowest values were recorded with the control(no Zn application) during both years of study. The amount of Zn concentration in soil was found to be significantly positively correlated with the Zn content in Basmati rice dry matter during both years. Significantly higher levels of residual fertility in soil after the harvest of Basmati rice were observed with application of EDTA-chelated Zn and incorporation of S. aculeata when compared with those of other Zn sources and summer green manures.
文摘【目的】研究绿肥、稻草不同还田模式对湘南地区水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响,为绿肥、稻草还田技术的推广和土壤培肥提供理论依据。【方法】2013—2018年在湘南红壤地区开展了6年田间小区定位试验,共设置6个处理,分别为冬闲+稻草不还田(CK)、冬种紫云英+稻草不还田(MV)、冬闲+早稻草全部还田(RS1)、冬闲+早、晚稻草全部还田(RS2)、冬种紫云英+早稻草全部还田(RS3)、冬种紫云英+早稻草全部还田+晚稻留高茬还田(RS4),各处理均施等量化肥。每季收获后测产,计算平均产量、产量变异系数和可持续指数。2017年晚稻收获后,取0—20 cm土层土壤样品,测定其养分含量和水稳性团聚体含量。【结果】与CK相比,除R S 1处理外,其余处理早稻、晚稻和周年平均产量均显著提高,增幅分别为6.6%~24.6%、11.9%~28.8%和9.0%~26.5%,以RS4处理增产效果最显著,其晚稻和周年平均产量均显著高于其他还田处理。与CK相比,除RS1处理早稻和MV处理晚稻外,其余处理早、晚稻产量变异系数均下降,且均以RS3处理最低;除晚稻MV处理外,其余处理早、晚稻产量可持续系数保持不变或提高,且早、晚稻均以RS3处理最高。试验开展5年后,各处理土壤有机质含量与初始土壤相比均明显提高,绿肥、稻草还田处理除RS1外均显著高于CK,RS4处理还显著高于RS1处理;各处理土壤全氮含量较2013年均有所降低,但绿肥、稻草还田处理较CK下降幅度小,MV和RS3处理全氮含量显著高于CK。土壤速效钾含量除MV和RS3处理低于CK外,其他处理均有不同程度的增加。粒径>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体以RS2处理最高,达68.9%。【结论】绿肥联合早稻草全部还田和晚稻留高茬还田措施可提高土壤有机质含量,稳定土壤氮素供应的长期效果显著,是湘南红壤地区水稻高产稳产和可持续发展相对较好的耕作制度,能够有效促进水稻增产,改善土壤理化性质,稳定氮素供应。