Design and Optimization of Planting Process Parameters for 2ZYX-2 Type Green Onion Ditching and Transplanting Machine

Considering the current low level of mechanization for domestic green onion planting and the high labor intensity of artificial planting,a 2ZYX-2 green onion ditching and transplanting machine,which can complete ditching,ridging,transplanting,repression,soil covering and other operations,is designed in this study.The Central Composite test design method was carried out with the speed of the transplanting machine,the depth of the opener and the horizontal position of the opener as the experimental factors and with the qualification ratio of perpendicularity,the variation coefficient of the plant spacing and the qualification ratio of the planting depth as the test index.Through the analysis of the model interaction and response surface,the change laws that the influence the machine’s forward speed,the depth of the opener and the horizontal position of the opener were studied.The regression model was optimized by Design-Expert 8.0.6 software,and the accuracy of the predicted results was verified by experiments.The optimal working parameters showed that the forward speed of the machine was 0.06 m/s,the depth of the opener was 102 mm,and the horizontal position of the opener was 29 mm.Under conditions of optimal working parameters,the qualification rate of the verticality was 86.83%,the coefficient of variation for the plant spacing was 2.77,and the pass rate of planting depth was 88.26%.The research related to the thesis can provide a reference for the mechanized planting of green onion,which is of great significance to the cost-effectiveness of the green onion industry.

DEM-based parameter optimization and tests of digging green onions

In view of the problems of easy damage and high digging resistance in the process of green onion harvesting,a mechanical model of digging green onions was established by taking the moment of digging and drawing green onions as the research object,and the main factors affecting the digging and harvesting effect were determined as the angle of digging,the dip angle of clamping carrier and the length of shovel.Thus,a complex simulation model of soil-green onion-digging mechanism system reflecting the state of harvesting was established,and the model was verified by testing soil compactness.The simulation tests were carried out by means of the complex simulation model of soil-green onion-digging mechanism system,making it clear that digging angle and the length of shovel have a extremely significant impact on the digging resistance,and the dip angle of the clamping carrier had a significant impact on the digging resistance.Through target optimization,the optimal combination of digging parameters was obtained,namely,the digging angle of 20°,the dip angle of clamping carrier of 25°and the shovel length of 70 mm,with the digging resistance of 1394 N at this moment.The field digging resistance test has showed that the average digging resistance is 1543 N with the average clamping damage rate of 1.27%and the average clamping loss rate of 0.44%,which can meet the requirements of green onion harvesting.

Ecological Geochemistry of Selenium in the Production Base of Zhangqiu Green Chinese Onion

Based on the achievement of local ecological geochemical survey,the selenium in surface layer soil of Zhangqiu green Chinese onion within production area is systematically studied in this study.And the ecological geochemical characters of selenium both in surface layer soil and in green Chinese onions are analyzed,and the relationship between the selenium in plant and soil is discussed.The results show that soil in Zhangqiu is rich in selenium,and it is suitable to develop the selenium-rich green Chinese onion products.

Protection of the Geographical Indication Right and New Plant Variety Right of Green Chinese Onion in China

Geographical indication right and new plant variety right are important agricultural intellectual property.This article researches the current situation on protection of geographical indication right of green Chinese onion resources and new plant variety right.And it puts forward the following measures for improvement:(i)Promoting the implementation of geographical indication product protection based on the national quality system;(ii)Establishing the national quality standards of geographical indication green Chinese onion,in order to improve quality standardization;(iii)Encouraging more enterprises within the scope of protection of geographical indication to use special signs of geographical indication;(iv)Unifying the green Chinese onion brands within the scope of protection of geographical indication;(v)Achieving the dual protection of geographical indication right and new variety right of green Chinese onion;(vi)Developing the tourism resources on geographical indication green Chinese onion,to develop tourism agriculture.

Effects of sowing time on bolting and returning green in welsh onion

Qiyechangbai and Hadacongl were used to study the relationship of the leaf age of overwinter to bolting and, returning green by the difference of sowing time. The results showed that the earlier the seeds were sown, the older leaf age of overwinter was, the higher the rates of returning green and bolting rate were, the earlier the bolting time was. The leaf age of overwinter of Qiyechangbai sown August 31 to September 14 was 2.1-3.1 leaves and the rate of returning green was 86.5%-92.1%, while the leaf age of overwinter of Hadacongl sown September 7 to September 14 was 2.3-2.7 leaves and the rate of returning green was 88.5%-93.8%, both varieties didn＇t bolt. In addition, in the same sowing time, the bolting rate of Hadacong I was higher than that of Qiyechangbai slightly.

不同浓度矮壮素、萘乙酸和烯效唑对大葱苗期生长的影响

为探究不同植物生长调节剂对大葱苗期徒长的控制效果,研究了矮壮素、萘乙酸和烯效唑3种植物生长调节剂对大葱苗期生长的影响。结果表明,喷施3种植物生长调节剂均能显著增加大葱幼苗的根系数量、茎粗、壮苗指数和根冠比;矮壮素和烯效唑处理显著降低株高,萘乙酸处理则增加株高;矮壮素和萘乙酸处理的叶绿素含量增加,干质量增加,而喷施不同浓度烯效唑的叶片和假茎干质量在处理后35 d时分别较对照降低7.56%~31.59%和27.95%~47.33%。综合考虑大葱幼苗的形态指标和干物质分配比例,500 mg·L^(-1)烯效唑处理对大葱幼苗控制徒长的效果最好,壮苗指数和根冠比分别较对照提高111.00%和91.30%。

不同浓度调环酸钙对大葱幼苗生长的影响

以东森寒葱2号为试验材料,通过测定大葱苗期喷施调环酸钙(200、400、600、800 mg·L^(-1))处理的形态指标、叶绿素和根系活力等指标,探究不同浓度调环酸钙对大葱种苗质量的影响。结果表明,调环酸钙能有效增加大葱幼苗的假茎粗、假茎长度和叶片叶绿素含量,提高根系活力、促进根系生长,且其适宜浓度为600 mg·L^(-1)。处理后21 d,与清水对照相比,600 mg·L^(-1)调环酸钙处理的假茎粗、假茎长和根系活力分别提高了22.0%、66.9%和65.7%;根系、假茎、叶片和全株干质量分别增加38.5%、48.4%、34.6%和37.9%。与200 mg·L^(-1)矮壮素处理相比,600 mg·L^(-1)调环酸钙处理的根冠比、壮苗指数和总叶绿素含量分别上升23.0%、37.0%和19.4%。综上,叶面喷施600 mg·L^(-1)的调环酸钙能有效提高大葱种苗质量。

丛枝菌根真菌对大葱幼苗生长和矿质元素吸收的影响

以大葱品种青叶1号为试材,探讨接种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)对葱苗生长及矿质元素吸收的影响。结果表明,AMF与大葱根系形成了良好且稳定的共生关系,接种45 d后根段的侵染率达到83.3%。与未接种处理(CK)相比,接种AMF显著提高了葱苗的株高、假茎长、茎粗、地上部和地下部的干鲜质量、根系活力、根系表面积、光合色素含量,以及矿质营养元素N、P、K和Mn的含量,促进了健壮葱苗的培育。

可调式分土装置的设计及试验

针对垄作大葱收获分土阻力大问题,确定了可调式分土装置的结构,降低了分土作业时消耗的功率。装置由分土圆盘、支架、调节座等组成,可将葱垄两侧的土壤进行切割、抛送。借助Design-Expert8.0.6软件,以分土盘的距离、偏角、转速为试验因素,功率为指标设计正交旋转组合试验,确定距离、偏角、转速对分土盘功率的影响顺序为偏角>转速>距离。利用响应曲面对试验结果进行优化,得到分土盘低功耗的最佳参数组合,即距离为100mm、偏角为20°、转速为30r/min。通过田间试验验证了最佳参数组合分土盘的分土效果较好,分土功率均值为145.8W。

一种可分离式大葱收割打捆机的研究

针对目前大葱收割问题,研制出一款小型的可分离式大葱收割打捆机。该机器由收割装置和打捆装置两部分组成。通过SolidWorks三维软件对结构进行设计,并对控制部分进行研究,制作出实物模型,试验研究表明:收割单根大葱所需时间大约为11.01 s,打捆单根所需时间为30.69 s,以10根大葱为例,收割与打捆同时进行时所需时间为143.13 s。该机器相对于大型收割农机较小,并可以通过手机远程操控,更加方便与实用,适用于中小型农户与家庭。

自动化大葱收获机器人

针对大葱收割耗费人力物力较多等问题,设计了一种自动化大葱收割机器人。介绍了装置的结构组成,剖析了装置的运动机理。采用SolidWorks软件对装置进行三维建模和仿真分析。全自动控制系统采用Arduino开发版作为控制核心,用蓝牙模块实现了收获过程的信息传递发送命令等,完成全自动收获工作。制作了实物样机,试验测试结果表明:完成一株大葱的收集,平均约1.2 s;完成一垄(设为10 m长,大葱间距约为30 mm)大葱的收集,平均需要约413.72 s,机器人完全能够实现智能化收获,为大葱自动化收获领域的研究奠定了基础。

大葱生产农机农艺融合技术

为了节约生产成本,转变传统生产方式,在大葱生产中实现种植技术的升级转型,提高经济效益,在对大葱生产中农机农业融合技术应用现实意义进行探讨的基础上,从种植地的选择与处理、品种选择、播种育苗、机械化移栽、大田管理等几方面探讨了大葱生产农机农艺融合技术,分析了大葱生产农机农艺融合技术发展的措施,通过实现农机农艺的高效融合,能够促进农机装备在大葱生产环节的应用,从而转变传统的种植方式,实现农业种植技术的升级换代和农业产业结构的调整。

长白鸡腿葱冀葱4号的选育

冀葱4号是以雄性不育系青0806为母本、鸡腿类型高代自交系ly0905为父本杂交,连续5代回交混合选择而成的大葱新品种,其选育方法于2020年获国家发明专利。该品种为改良长白鸡腿类型大葱,田间生长势强,直立性好;株高120 cm,葱白长45~50 cm,假茎基部直径5~6 cm,667 m^(2)产量5500~6000 kg;葱白肥厚柔嫩,辣香味适中,微量元素硒、锌的含量分别较对照高出50%、7.5%,品质好;高抗紫斑病、病毒病,抗霜霉病。适宜河北、河南、山东、山西等地露地冬贮栽培。2020年申请了国家非主要农作物品种保护。

大葱质量安全影响因素及监控研究进展

在种植、生长、储存与流通等环节中影响大葱质量的因素较多,如种质资源、环境因素、栽培状况、施肥状况、农药使用情况、病虫危害等。本文主要从大葱的质量指标、质量影响因素及安全性影响因素三方面进行综述,以期为确保大葱质量安全提供参考。

大葱育苗播种技术与装备研究现状及发展趋势

大葱作为我国重要的经济作物之一,种植面积和产量均居世界首位,我国大葱产业正处于由传统大田育苗模式向工厂化集约育苗种植模式转变的重要阶段。目前用于大葱集约化育苗播种的机械设备大多是蔬菜通用机械,主要采用机械式和气力式排种器,针对大葱的专用育苗播种技术与装备相对较少,未能很好地解决大葱播种的精量化、漏播和伤种等问题。为加快推进大葱种植机械化发展,对国内外大葱育苗播种机械的研究进行了整理与分析,为我国大葱精量播种育苗技术与装备的研制提供参考和借鉴。

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定葱中咪鲜胺及其代谢物2,4,6-三氯苯酚的含量

目的建立气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定葱中咪鲜胺及其代谢物2,4,6-三氯苯酚的含量。方法样品经均质、提取、净化后,利用气相色谱-串联质谱法在多反应离子监测模式下对溶液进行检测,外标法定量。结果咪鲜胺和2,4,6-三氯苯酚在0.05~0.50 mg/L的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r^(2)在0.999以上;咪鲜胺和2,4,6-三氯苯酚的检出限均为0.004 mg/kg。在0.1、0.3、0.5 mg/kg 3个不同加标水平下,咪鲜胺平均回收率为82.7%~107.4%;2,4,6-三氯苯酚平均回收率为85.4%~109.8%。相对标准偏差为3.8%~9.7%。结论该方法准确、快速,满足大批量葱中咪鲜胺及其代谢物的检测要求。

冷等离子体处理对大葱种子发芽特性的影响

运用冷等离子体种子处理技术对大葱种子进行小于20 s非电离幅射处理,研究该技术对于大葱种子发芽势和发芽率的影响。试验结果表明,经不同功率冷等离子体处理后,种子的发芽势和发芽率有明显变化。冷等离子体处理后放置20 d进行发芽试验,当处理功率为240 W时种子的发芽势和发芽率提高最大,分别比对照提高10.6%和5.2%。冷等离子体处理后放置20 d和放置4 d进行发芽试验,大葱种子的发芽势和发芽率都比对照有明显改变,并且具有一致的规律性。

溴氰虫酰胺及其代谢物在土壤和葱中残留行为

论文建立了溴氰虫酰胺及其代谢产物J9238在土壤和葱中残留量的高效液相色谱三重四级杆串联质谱（LC—MS／MS）测定方法，其最小检出量分别为O．1-10。g和0．5-10。g；溴氰虫酰胺和J9238在葱和土壤样品中最低检出浓度均为0．01mg／kg。在0．01—0．1mg／kg添加水平下，溴氰虫酰胺在土壤和葱中添加回收率分别为87．8％～99．3％和79．6％一100．3％，相对标准偏差分别为1．6％一4．6％和5．1％一7．2％；J9238在土壤和葱中添加回收率分别为76．O％～100．8％和77．8％一98．9％，相对标准偏差分别为5．6％～10．o％和4．2％一8．3％，均符合农药残留量分析的要求。同时，为了解100g，L溴氰虫酰胺油悬剂在葱上施用后，溴氰虫酰胺在土壤和葱中的残留消解动态及最终残留状况，在北京和山东两地开展了大田试验研究。结果表明，溴氰虫酰胺在土壤和葱中的残留消解半衰期分别为1．3～2．6d和2．4—4．3d，属于易降解农药。100g／L溴氰虫酰胺油悬剂按推荐剂量和1．5倍推荐剂量在葱中各施药3次和4次，距最后一次施药1d时，溴氰虫酰胺在葱中最高残留量为0．13mg／kg，表明100g／L溴氰虫酰胺油悬剂在葱中使用后，溴氰虫酰胺在葱中的残留量较低。

氮素对大葱产量影响和氮素供应目标值的研究

在山东省章丘大葱高产地块,设置不同氮肥处理,研究了施肥对章丘长白大葱产量的影响以及该条件下土壤氮素平衡。结果表明,在磷、钾肥供应充足的前提下,随氮肥用量增加大葱的产量逐渐增加,增产率在37.2%-60.1%;当氮肥用量为360 kg/hm^2时,产量接近最高。随着氮肥用量的增加,土壤的残留Nmin量增加。6个处理土壤中残留N分别为42.82、55.24、67.62、91.91、123.72和219.22 kg/hm^2。在大葱的整个生长季,土壤有机氮表观矿化量为N 35.11 kg/hm^2,有机肥净矿化量为N 43.51 kg/hm^2。在大葱缓苗越夏期、旺盛生长期和假茎充实期,氮素的供应目标值分别为38.05、196.20和233.22 kg/hm^2,表明在本试验条件下大葱氮肥后移,对提高大葱产量和氮肥利用率都具有重要意义。虽然本试验中大葱氮肥利用率较低,仅为12.72%-35.36%,但单位氮素投入所获得的收益很高。施氮量为120 kg/hm^2时,每投资1元钱的氮肥可获得23.91元的收益,即使施氮量达到480 kg/hm^2时,氮肥的产投比也达到9.05元。

兴化脱水香葱产品水分测定方法的探讨

以江苏兴化香葱的冷冻干燥产品(FD葱)和热风干燥产品(AD葱)为实验材料,按GB/T5009.3-2003《食品中水分的测定》中规定的方法,并参考中国药典附录中的相关规定,分别采用直接干燥法、减压干燥法、蒸馏法测定了样品的水分含量,同时测定了样品在105℃烘干前后的紫外光谱以及还原糖和总糖含量。结果表明:样品经105℃烘干后,还原糖及总糖含量均有所下降,紫外光谱亦发生明显变化,这表明样品的化学成分已有所改变,部分分子发生了脱水反应,导致分析结果偏高,而减压干燥前后样品外观和气味均未见明显改变。实验结果表明,对于高温干燥时容易发生焦化的某些果蔬产品,其水分测定应以减压干燥法为宜。