Diversity and Application of Herbaceous Flowers in Urban Road Greening in Hefei City

In urban road greening,the planting of ground cover flowers is essential,and herbaceous flowers are an important part.Through the investigation on the diversity of herbaceous flowers in urban road green spaces of Hefei City,the types,colors,application frequency and planting of herbaceous flowers in urban road green spaces were statistically analyzed,and the application forms of herbaceous flowers in the road greening of Hefei City were studied.The characteristics and problems of herbaceous flowers in the road greening of Hefei City were found,and some development suggestions were put forward.

Analysis on Landscape Pattern of Urban Green Space in Tianjin City

Based on IKONOS satellite image in August of 2008,and by using GIS technique and spatial pattern analysis software FRAGSTATS,the paper analyzed landscape pattern of urban green space in Tianjin City from the aspects of patch composition and level of category and landscape.The result showed that there were manymin-sized patches in Tianjin City while large patches occupied a large proportion of the total area of green space.Green spaces were unbalanced in distribution and unreasonable in structure.It suggested adjusting the structure of urban green space,reducing the degree of landscape fragmentation,strengthening the construction of large and mid-sized green patches,so as to improve ecological function of green space.

Urban Green Space Planning Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics Model and Landscape Ecology Principle:A Case Study of Liaoyang City,Northeast China

As a result of environmental degradation,urban green space has become a key issue for urban sustainable development.This paper takes Liaoyang City in Northeast China as an example to develop green space planning using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model,landscape ecological principles and Geographical Information System (GIS).Based on the influencing factors of topography,building density and orientation,Shou Mountain,Longding Mountain and the Taizi River were selected as the urban ventilation paths to promote wind and oxygen circulation.Oxygen concentration around the green spaces gradually decreased with wind speed increase and wind direction change.There were obvious negative correlation relationships between the oxygen dispersion concentration and urban layout factors such as the building plot ratio and building density.Comparison with the field measurements found that there was significant correlation relationship between simulated oxygen concentration and field measurements (R 2=0.6415,p<0.001),moreover,simulation precision was higher than 92%,which indicated CFD model was effective for urban oxygen concentration simulation.Only less than 10% areas in Liaoyang City proper needed more green space urgently to improve oxygen concentration,mainly concentrated in Baitai and west Wensheng districts.Based on land-scape ecology principle,green space planning at different spatial scales were proposed to create a green space network system for Liaoyang City,including features such as green wedges,green belts and parks.Totally,about 2012 ha of green space need to be constructed as oxygen sources and ventilation paths.Compared with the current green space pattern,proposed green space planning could improve oxygen concentration obviously.The CFD model and research results in this paper could provide an effective way and theory support for sustainable development of urban green space.

SPATIAL GRADIENT ANALYSIS OF URBAN GREEN SPACES COMBINED WITH LANDSCAPE METRICS IN JINAN CITY OF CHINA

Urban green spaces have been arisen growing concern responded to the social and environmental costs of urban sprawl. A wide range of planning and policies has been and/or will be designed to protect urban green spaces and optimize their spatial pattern. A better design or planning of urban green space can make a major contribution to quality of environment and urban life, and furthermore can decide whether we can have a sustainable development in the urban area. Information about the status quo of urban green spaces can help planners design more effectively. However, how to quantify and capture such information will be the essential question we face. In this paper, to quantify the urban green space, a new method comprising gradient analysis, landscape metrics and GIS was developed through a case of Jinan City. The results demonstrate: 1) the gradient analysis is a valid and reliable instrument to quantify the urban green space spatial pattern precisely; 2) using moving window, explicit landscape metrics were spatially realized. Compared with quantifying metrics in the entire landscape, it would be better to link pattern with process and establish an important basis for analyzing the ecological and socioeconomic functions of green spaces.

Landscape Evaluation of Public Green Spaces in Wuhua District and Panlong District of Kunming City

Wuhua District and Panlong District are two major downtown areas of Kuming City,recent construction and renovation of public green spaces in both districts have achieved considerable fruits.Through sampling major public green spaces in the study districts,plant landscapes were analyzed and compared on the basis of plant landscape evaluation system,principal characteristics of plant landscaping patterns in public green spaces of Kunming City and problems in the construction of public green spaces in both districts were summarized,so as to provide references for the landscape construction of public green spaces in Kunming City.

System Planning of Green Landscapes from the Perspective of Regulatory Planning—A Case Study of Regulatory Detailed Planning of Wenfeng District in Nanchong City,Sichuan Province of China

By taking the regulatory detailed planning of Wenfeng District in Nanchong City for example,public green spaces,protective green spaces and ecological green spaces are planned systematically on the basis of "protective,needs-oriented,systematic and characteristic" principles.Landscape system structure of "one belt,one surface,four axes,five districts and multiple points" was analyzed,concrete designs of landscape infiltration surface,landscape axis and style division elaborated.The way of integrating landscape system planning and current situation was discussed in the image construction of new urban district to co-construct characteristic urban images,realize the coordination of city,environment and culture,optimization of urban eco-environment benefits,orderly and sustainable development of urban ecological conditions.

Diversity Analysis on the Plant Communities of Urban Park Green Space in Wuhan

In order to systematically study the diversity of plant communities in park green space,78 plant communities of 10 representative parks in Wuhan City were investigated.The total 449 species belonging to 275 genera and 112 families were found in this investigation.The communities were divided into 35 dominant-species,13 life-forms and 6 vegetation-forms.The community structures and the composition of dominant species were also studied.The results showed that the shortages of the low diversity,high proportion of exotic species and simple community structures appeared in plant community of park green space in Wuhan City.It is proposed that species,especially native ones,should be abundant to keep a high level species diversity.At the same time,more simulated native communities should be utilized to build the natural,multi-layers,bright local vegetation characteristics landscape of urban parks.

基于在线地图路径循迹的山地城市绿色开放空间步行可达性衰减

【目的】精准客观地评估山地城市绿色开放空间的步行可达性,揭示实际可达性与理论可达性之间的衰减状态,为山地绿色开放空间服务能力优化提升提供依据与参考。【方法】以重庆市渝中区为研究范围,依托ArcGIS平台和高德地图应用程序接口(application programming interface,API),引入路径循迹法,从实际步行路径出发量化可达性,并通过对比实际可达性与理论可达性来分析城市整体及绿色开放空间的可达性衰减状态。【结果】1)渝中区绿色开放空间步行可达范围整体衰减面积比为43.19%,且5 min、10 min、15 min阈值内可达范围的衰减面积比分别为32.12%、46.49%、46.30%;2)绿色开放空间衰减程度不均衡,衰减程度大于60%的绿色开放空间有16个,衰减程度最高为87.71%;3)山顶、各级台层和滨江楔形绿色开放空间的高衰减比例相对更高。【结论】进一步从选址、环境和本体3个方面总结衰减原因,并从步行可达性视角提出增量、串联、渗透的山地城市绿色开放空间优化建议,为客观评估山地城市绿色开放空间步行可达性提供思路,对山地城市绿色开放空间服务效能提升具有重要的现实意义。

公共安全与风险应对下的防护绿地类型、功能及效用研究

【目的】通过分析公共卫生事件发生期间防护绿地防灾功能的短板,探究城市化快速发展进程中防护绿地功能需求的演变,提出发挥防护绿地功能与效用的策略,有助于提升城市的公共安全和风险应对能力,为城市规划者和决策者提供实践指导。【方法】1)提升防护绿地应对风险的能力,包括评估防护绿地韧性水平、构建基本防灾单元、优化生态系统服务功能;2)拓展防护绿地的功能服务要素,覆盖平时服务功能与灾时服务功能;3)根据防护的时效原则,对平时、灾时2个时期的情景进行预判,实施弹性调控。【结果】构建了适合中国绿地系统规划编制的防护体系功能提升与布局优化方法,从而发挥绿地系统的多元功能,应对突发公共安全事件。【结论】在建设更完备积极的城市安全防护系统中,需提高对城市绿地系统中防护绿地时效的重视程度,使防护绿地真正成为城市防灾体系的一部分,并纳入国土空间规划编制体系,确保防护绿地的建设能够切实实施。

沿黄城市蓝绿空间时空演变及驱动力分析——以泰安市为例

基于2000-2020年土地利用类型数据,采用景观指数、景观动态度、地理探测器等方法,分析沿黄城市泰安市蓝绿空间时空演变特征及其驱动因素。结果表明,1)近20 a泰安市蓝绿空间规模整体呈减少趋势,动态度为-0.41%,面积减少131.24 km 2,但呈现明显的阶段性特征,前10 a变化剧烈,动态度为-0.82%,后10 a动态度仅为0.005%。2)2000-2020年,蓝绿空间景观格局指数发生了显著变化,且各指数在前10 a的变化程度更大;类型水平上,绿色空间和蓝色空间的景观形状整体趋于规则、均有连片发展趋势,但绿色空间的景观形状更复杂、分布离散度更大;景观水平上,蓝绿空间破碎度呈减弱趋势,但景观连通性下降、景观异质性增强。3)地理探测分析表明,社会经济因素是蓝绿空间分异的主导因子,生产总值、人口密度、第一与第二产业产值等社会经济因素对蓝绿空间变化的解释力显著大于高程等自然因素。研究认为城镇化进程中需要加强对国土空间的科学管控,应加强泰安市蓝绿空间的完整性、连通性保护。该研究为泰安市蓝绿空间优化与管理、区域可持续发展提供一定参考。

海岸带城市蓝绿空间碳汇基础设施网络分析——以广西北部湾为例

为探讨蓝绿基础设施(Blue-Green Infrastructure,BGI)碳汇服务功能有益于指引城市碳中和目标建设,本研究以广西北部湾海岸带城市为例,运用形态学空间格局分析(Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis,MSPA)法、连通性分析法以及电路理论,构建蓝绿基础设施碳汇网络,讨论对应的固碳增汇对策。结果表明:2020年研究区蓝绿空间碳汇总量为735524.09 tC·a^(-1),其中绿色空间碳汇总量为588680.06 tC·a^(-1),蓝色空间碳汇总量为146844.03 tC·a^(-1),单位面积碳汇量“蓝”高于“绿”;共提取63个碳汇源地斑块,20个核心源地斑块,绿色空间核心源地总面积为6814.31 km^(2),蓝色空间为899.05 km^(2),核心源地主要分布在东西两侧及南部沿海地带;共提取出24条生态廊道,绿廊共长122.21 km,蓝廊为52.75 km,呈环状分布,中南部地区分布较密,连通性强。本研究结果可为“碳达峰与碳中和”(简称“双碳”)背景下海岸带城市的保护与可持续发展提供建设思路。

基于GIS的三门峡市公园可达性分析

基于GIS技术,以三门峡市中心城区城市公园为例,利用网络分析法定量评价步行、非机动车、机动车3种交通方式下的公园可达性,并结合可达面积与人口分析比较研究区、各行政区、各行政街道间的差异。结果表明,研究区内公园分布不均,湖滨区公园多、陕州区公园少;研究区公园绿地非机动车和机动车方式下的可达性较好;步行方式下的可达性较差,只有不到36.11%居民可步行30 min内到达相近公园;湖滨区公园绿地可达性要好于陕州区;前进街道、涧河街道、湖滨街道公园的可达性最佳,会兴街道、张湾乡公园的可达性最差。

基于公园城市理念的道路绿地公共空间活力营造策略

公园绿地是实现公园城市建设目标的重要载体,道路绿地是绿色空间结构中重要的线性空间,能够发挥生态、游憩和景观风貌塑造等多重功能,对提升片区环境品质,激发公共空间活力具有重要意义。以开封市复兴大道绿地景观提升为例,结合片区发展目标,针对现存在问题和居民休闲游憩等多元需求,改变传统填空式单一绿化的发展模式,通过生境营造、联通城市公共空间、营造多元场景和景观重塑等策略,构建生态资源融合、开放共享及绿色便捷的道路绿化空间,促进生态价值转化,激发片区活力。

公园城市理念下公园绿地景观绩效评价研究

作为破解大城市病与建设人民城市的新模式,公园城市既是理想的城市发展模式,也是对田园城市、生态城市、山水城市、低碳城市等建设理论的新发展。通过引入景观绩效的研究方法,以景观绩效系列评价体系为参照,构建涵盖环境、社会、经济三个维度,17项一级因子和109项指标,适应于公园城市理念指导下的绿地景观绩效评价体系。以成都市天府新区兴隆湖公园为实证研究对象,选取了适用于综合公园,兼具科学性与适应性的13项一级因子、46项指标进行验证,结果表明:在环境绩效层面,兴隆湖公园系统优化了其土壤保护、雨洪管理、栖息地创造与净化空气等方面的核心功能;在社会绩效层面,兴隆湖公园娱乐社交、文化保护、健康生活、教育科普、风景质量、交通通达与使用公平等方面价值显著;在经济绩效层面,兴隆湖公园提升了本地区房价地价,带动了基础设施建设的迭代升级,实现了筑巢引凤。建设公园城市,在环境层面上,要积极打造“城在绿中、园在城中、城绿相融”的新层次,构建更加精细化的区域一体化生态绿色链。在社会层面上,要努力建设“景观化、景区化、可进入、可参与”的新高度,科学植入复合城市功能。在经济层面上,要坚持市场化导向,融汇多元化场景,激发数字化消费,以场景营城实现“园·业”共生,臻至“人、城、境、业”共荣、共治、共兴。

口袋公园景观设计在旧城改造中的应用——以上海大宁181弄绿地改造(林里花园)为例

基于现阶段各省市大力推动“口袋公园”建设,打造“15分钟社区美好生活圈”的现状,以及口袋公园在旧城改造中占有的独特优势,论文以口袋公园为剖析对象,初步探讨该类型景观在旧城改造中的优势。对上海大宁181弄绿地改造项目进行具体的分析论证,结果表明口袋公园景观设计可拓展绿色公共空间,方便不同年龄段市民就近游园,是旧城改造的重要举措。

城市公园绿地健康景观设计研究——以合肥市老城区环城公园为例

当前快速城市化对市民身心健康产生了重要的负面影响,健康景观规划设计愈来愈成为当前研究的核心关切。文章在系统梳理国内外相关研究基础上,解析城市公园绿地健康景观的设计要素,并以合肥老城区环城公园为实证,从空间类型、道路设计、水体营造、植物种植和景观小品等方面深入剖析环城公园健康景观设计状况,并以问题为导向,针对性提出健康景观优化设计策略,以期为我国绿地健康景观的营建提供思路与借鉴。

苏州古城道路造型树景观的应用研究——以干将路为例

历史文化名城苏州的古城区中有大量道路造型树景观的营造,并逐渐成为城市风貌特色。通过文献研究与实地调研分析苏州造型树景观的应用背景,并以古城中最早进行全面造型树景观建设的干将路为例,研究造型树景观的应用状况及其营造原因。研究结果显示,苏州古城道路造型树景观的营造是有其历史背景、文化条件与现实基础的。道路造型树景观既是苏州园林、盆景风尚的延续,也是本土特色文化展示与道路文化价值提升的一种方式,更是苏州古城整体风貌保护的选择。

日照市绿色空间景观格局动态变化

以山东省日照市为研究对象,选取日照市1990—2020年4期土地利用分类数据,使用Landsat-TMETM遥感影像数据进行各期数据的遥感解译,通过ArcGIS、转移矩阵模型,从日照市绿色空间格局动态特征、土地利用类型变化的动态度分析、空间转移特征三个方面对日照市1990—2020年绿色空间格局进行研究。结果表明:(1)日照城市群空间类型在总体上呈现绿色空间缩减,非绿色空间扩张的趋势。(2)土地利用类型总体上变化较大,其中变化较大的有建设用地和灌草等。绿色空间景观格局动态变化研究不仅对日照市绿色空间的总体水平和动态特征进行全面分析,同时有助于各级政府更有针对性地制定相应的绿色空间保护和经济发展措施,对促进日照市生态宜居城市建设具有重要意义。

高密度城市疗愈空中花园设计研究——以中国澳门为例

中国澳门作为世界上高人口密度聚居的典型城市之一,面临土地资源有限、绿化空间稀缺等挑战。住宅建筑中的空中花园作为一种创新形式,一定程度上弥补了地面公共空间及绿化不足的问题,但往往忽视了疗愈功能。基于疗愈景观理论,本文分析了中国澳门城市空中花园存在的价值与局限,探索了空中花园设计中景观疗愈的可能性,提出了疗愈空中花园设计策略,旨在满足居民日常对绿色空间需求,发挥空中花园在治愈身心方面的功能,进而提升城市发展质量与居民生活质量。

历史文化名城道路造型树景观文化价值评价——以苏州古城干将路为例

苏州古城道路景观运用大量造型树的做法很有地域特色,但受多重矛盾影响,道路景观建设过程中对造型树景观的文化价值缺乏认识,导致景观品质降低,特色逐渐消弭。研究使用层次分析法和模糊综合评价,构建苏州古城道路造型树景观文化价值评价体系,以科学认识其文化价值,并选取古城中具有代表性的干将路进行评价分析,其造型树景观文化价值构成中艺术价值、现今价值、历史价值评价相对较低,存在明显问题。由此提出4条策略:(1)恢复传统造型树景观风格,提升历史延续性价值;(2)突出造型树主景地位,因地、因景制宜以提升园林艺术价值;(3)注重意境营造,增进文化内涵以提升文化关联价值与园林艺术价值;(4)注重造型养护管理,以提升造型艺术价值。