Application of Urban Green Stormwater Infrastructure in Wetland Park Construction

The positive role of urban green stormwater infrastructure(GIS)and wetland park construction in the process of“sponge city”construction is analyzed by expounding the connotation and problems of“sponge city”construction.Through the analysis of relevant cases,the realization approaches of combing different types of GIS with wetland park landscape design are interpreted,and it is pointed out that different types of GIS can guide the further practice of“sponge city”construction.

THE CARE AND FEEDING OF A LONG-TERM INSTITUTIONAL COMMITMENT TO GREEN STORMWATER INFRASTRUCTURE: A CASE STUDY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT

In 2007,the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection issued the first Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL)in the country based not on a specific pollutant or pollutants,but on impervious cover(IC)(Arnold et al.,2010).The water body in question was Eagleville Brook,a small tributary of the Willimantic River in eastern Connecticut that drains a majority of the University of Connecticut campus.The university is in effect a small city within a largely rural area.Partly as a result of this,there has been a history of“town-gown”tension and controversy with regard to the university’s impact on the water resources of the area.This tension reached a climax in September 2005,when a quarter-mile stretch of the Fenton River,which drains the part of campus not in the Eagleville watershed,ran dry(Merritt,2005).Water quantity concerns were frequently joined by water quality concerns,with area residents complaining about the pollution of their drinking water(Morse,2002).Although the Fenton incident precipitated increased efforts on the part of the university to conserve water,efforts to improve the way that campus addressed stormwater issues lagged behind until the advent of the impervious cover TMDL.In the intervening eight years since the issuance of the“IC-TMDL”-practically the wink of an eye in the deliberate world of land use decision making-the University of Connecticut campus has become a showcase for green stormwater infrastructure(GSI)practices,also known as low impact development(LID)practices.While the IC-TMDL served as the catalyst,an environmental regulation,no matter how innovative,cannot in itself produce such dramatic change.For this to occur a number of interconnected efforts have to come together,including leadership,research,monitoring,coordination,and education both within and without the university community.This paper is an attempt to capture these key elements,consider why they worked(or didn’t),and provide a status report on green storm-water infrastructure on the University of Connecticut campus.

Quantitative analysis of impact of green stormwater infrastructures on combined sewer overflow control and urban flooding control

Stimulated by the recent USEPA＇s green stormwater infrastructure （GSI） guidance and policies, GS1 systems have been widely implemented in the municipal area to control the combined sewer overflows （CSOs）, also known as low impact development （LID） approaches. To quantitatively evaluate the performance of GSI systems on CSO and urban flooding control, USEPA-Stormwater Management Model （SWMM） model was adopted in this study to simulate the behaviors of GSI systems in a well- developed urban drainage area, PSW45, under different circumstances. The impact of different percentages of stormwater runoff transported from impervious surfaces to the GSI systems on CSO and urban flooding control has also been investigated. Results show that with current buildup, GSI systems in PSW45 have the best performance for low intensity and short duration events on both volume and peak flow reductions, and have the worst pertbrmance tor high intensity and long durataon events. Since the low intensity and short duration events are dominant from a long-term perspective, utilizing GSI systems is considered as an effective measure of CSO control to meet the long-term controlstrategy for PSW45 watershed. However, GSI systems are not suitable for the flooding control purpose in PSW45 due to the high occurrence possibility of urban flooding during or after high intensity events where GSI systems have relatively poor performance no matter for a short or long duration event,

Stormwater management of urban greenway in China

In order to improve the stormwater regulation functions of urban greenways on the basis of literature research and case study the relationships between urban greenway and low impact development LID and green stormwater infrastructure GSI are analyzed. Then the classification system of urban greenways is proposed based on their stormwater regulation function and the suitable technical measures for stormwater management which can be used in different kinds of greenways are selected. According to China’s urban planning system the greenway planning method combined with the urban drainage system is developed and the design methods of the greenway stormwater system and individual stormwater facilities are put forward. The relationships between the greenway stormwater system and other systems are also analyzed in terms of stormwater inlet vertical design and overflow.Finally the waterfront greenway and street greenway demonstration projects in Jiaxing City which adopts the above concept and method are introduced. The results show that the reduction rates of annual total stormwater runoff and average total runoff contaminants TSS of the stormwater system are not less than 30% and 40% respectively.

Dynamic design of green stormwater infrastructure

This paper compares ongoing research results on hydrologic performance to common design and crediting criteria, and recommends a change in direction from a static to a dynamic perspective to fully credit the performance of green infrastructure. Examples used in this article are primarily stormwater control measures built for research on the campus of Villanova University [1,2]. Evidence is presented demonstrating that the common practice of crediting water volume based on soil and surface storage underestimates the performance potential, and suggests that the profession move to a more dynamic approach that incorporates exfiltration and evapotranspiration. The framework for a dynamic approach is discussed, with a view to broaden our design focus by including climate, configuration and the soil surroundings. The substance of this work was presented as a keynote speech at the 2016 international Low Impact Development Conference in Beijing China [3].