The transcription factor grainy head(Grh)functions in the protection of the epithelium against the external environment by generating strongly adhesive layers,and this function is conserved in vertebrates and inverteb...The transcription factor grainy head(Grh)functions in the protection of the epithelium against the external environment by generating strongly adhesive layers,and this function is conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates.In Drosophila,the top model for holometabolous insects,Grh is necessary during embryonic development,epidermal differentiation,central nervous system specification and epithelial repair.However,the function of this gene in hemimetabolous insect epithelia remains unknown.To examine the function of Grh signaling in regulating epithelium development in Hemimetabola,we focused on the Blattella germanica epidermal layer using a gene knockdown strategy.The spatiotemporal expression pattern of BgGrh was detected,and knockdown of Bg-Grh and BgCad96ca,which provide positive feedback to BgGrh,caused severe defects in new epithelium development and impeded the molting process required to discard the old integument.Knockdown of the expression of BgGrh and BgCad96ca caused increased expression of chitin synthase gene{BgCHSl)and chitinase gene{BgCht5),the upregulations of which should be mediated by the higher level of hormone receptor 3{BgHr3)gene.In conclusion,epithelium development is regulated by Grh signaling,which might represent a potential target for the control of urban pest cockroaches.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31702055,No.31572325 and No.31702021)CR.SL and ED,by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2020A1515011267)+4 种基金CR,by the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2019YFD1002102)CR and YL,by the Department of Science and Technology in Guangdong Province(Grant No.2019B090905003 and 2019A0102006)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.KQTD20180411143628272)SL.The strategies for cockroach management mentioned in this work have been included in a Chinese patent application(201910977154.9201910976989.2).
文摘The transcription factor grainy head(Grh)functions in the protection of the epithelium against the external environment by generating strongly adhesive layers,and this function is conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates.In Drosophila,the top model for holometabolous insects,Grh is necessary during embryonic development,epidermal differentiation,central nervous system specification and epithelial repair.However,the function of this gene in hemimetabolous insect epithelia remains unknown.To examine the function of Grh signaling in regulating epithelium development in Hemimetabola,we focused on the Blattella germanica epidermal layer using a gene knockdown strategy.The spatiotemporal expression pattern of BgGrh was detected,and knockdown of Bg-Grh and BgCad96ca,which provide positive feedback to BgGrh,caused severe defects in new epithelium development and impeded the molting process required to discard the old integument.Knockdown of the expression of BgGrh and BgCad96ca caused increased expression of chitin synthase gene{BgCHSl)and chitinase gene{BgCht5),the upregulations of which should be mediated by the higher level of hormone receptor 3{BgHr3)gene.In conclusion,epithelium development is regulated by Grh signaling,which might represent a potential target for the control of urban pest cockroaches.
