PSO-BP-Based Optimal Allocation Model for Complementary Generation Capacity of the Photovoltaic Power Station

To improve the operation efficiency of the photovoltaic power station complementary power generation system,an optimal allocation model of the photovoltaic power station complementary power generation capacity based on PSO-BP is proposed.Particle Swarm Optimization and BP neural network are used to establish the forecasting model,the Markov chain model is used to correct the forecasting error of the model,and the weighted fitting method is used to forecast the annual load curve,to complete the optimal allocation of complementary generating capacity of photovoltaic power stations.The experimental results show that thismethod reduces the average loss of photovoltaic output prediction,improves the prediction accuracy and recall rate of photovoltaic output prediction,and ensures the effective operation of the power system.

Solar Energy Resource Characteristics of Photovoltaic Power Station in Shandong Province

[Objective] The aim was to analyze characters of solar energy in photo- voltaic power stations in Shandong Province. [Method] The models of total solar radiation and scattered radiation were determined, and solar energy resources in pho-tovoltaic power stations were evaluated based on illumination in horizontal plane and cloud data in 123 counties or cities and observed information in Jinan, Fushan and Juxian in 1988-2008. [Result] Solar energy in northern regions in Shandong proved most abundant, which is suitable for photovoltaic power generation; the optimal angle of tilt of photovoltaic array was at 35°, decreasing by 2°-3° compared with local latitude. Total solar radiation received by the slope with optimal angle of tilt exceeded 1 600 kw.h/（m2.a）, increasing by 16% compared with horizontal planes. The maximal irradiance concluded by WRF in different regions tended to be volatile in 1 020-1 060 W/m2. [Conclusion] The research provides references for construction of photovoltaic power stations in Shandong Province.

Energy conversion materials for the space solar power station

Since it was first proposed,the space solar power station(SSPS)has attracted great attention all over the world;it is a huge space system and provides energy for Earth.Although several schemes and abundant studies on the SSPS have been proposed and conducted,it is still not realized.The reason why SSPS is still an idea is not only because it is a giant and complex project,but also due to the requirement for various excellent space materials.Among the diverse required materials,we believe energy materials are the most important.Herein,we review the space energy conversion materials for the SSPS.

Large-Scale Distributed Photovoltaic Power Dispatching and Operation Management Review

Distributed photovoltaic power (PV) is the main development model of distributed generation. It is necessary to research on dispatching and operation management with large-scale distributed PV connected. This paper analyzes development status, technical requirement and dispatching and operation management situation of distributed PV in Germany and China. Then introduce the preparation of distributed PV dispatching and operation management criterion. Through summarizing the experiences and lessons of large-scale distributed PV development in Germany, it gives advice to the development of distributed PV dispatching and operation management in China.

Forecast of Power Generation for Grid-Connected Photo-voltaic System Based on Grey Theory and Verification Model

Being photovoltaic power generation affected by radiation strength, wind speed, clouds cover and environment temperature, the generating in each moment is fluctuating. The operational characteristics of grid-connected PV systems are coincided with gray theory application conditions. A gray theory model has been applied in short-term forecast of grid-connected photovoltaic system. The verification model of the probability of small error will help to check the accuracy of the gray forecast results. The calculated result shows that the ?model accuracy has been greatly enhanced.

A composite controller for grid connected photovoltaic systems

This paper addresses a new composite controller for a boost-buck inverter to interface the photovoltaic array with the power grid. Based on dynamically tracking the maximum power point, two novel control methodologies are proposed to control the DC-bus and the output current for the inverter. First, a new linear cycle discrete control algorithm is introduced to realize linear control of the DC-bus voltage and synchronously get the reference current for the inner current loop with a little calculation. Then, to assure a good adaptability to noise and model uncertainty, an auto-disturbance rejection controller is chosen as the output current controller, which does not depend on precise mathematics model. Thus, output current of PV system to the grid is with low harmonic distortion and unity power factor. Simulations and experiments are performed, and the results show that the system is of excellent robustness and effective.

A Simulation Research on the Grid-Connected Control Technology of Single-Phase Inverters Based on MATLAB

This paper primarily discusses the main circuit of single-phase inverter circuits.It begins by introducing the research context and the significance of the subject,then discusses the topology of grid-connected single-phase inverter circuits,continues by discussing the control strategy for grid-connected single-phase inverter circuits,realizes a sinusoidal pulse width modulation(SPWM)signal generation circuit and an inverse control algorithm program,and finally ensures good output waveform and fast dynamic response.In view of the hysteresis feature of the grid voltage’s synchronous signal sampling circuit,the acquisition function in digital signal processing(DSP)control chips is applied,and the reasons for the hysteresis phenomenon are thoroughly investigated.The reliability of the SPWM control algorithm is revealed through the results.

风光热储互补发电系统容量配置技术研究

针对无常规电源支撑的风光热储互补发电系统,协调规划装机容量对提高发电系统运行经济性和利用率具有重要意义。提出了一种双层优化配置方法,上层以最小度电成本及弃电率为目标,确定系统装机容量;下层以新能源发电消纳最大为目标,解决功率分配问题。通过反复迭代寻优,得到系统容量配置;然后;通过纳什谈判对优化结果进行选择;最后,对甘肃河西地区数据进行仿真分析。结果表明:风光热储互补发电系统最优容量配置下的度电成本为0.3064元/(k W·h);风电场加光伏电站装机容量与光热电站装机容量的最优比为6:1,对比相同装机容量的风光互补发电系统,风光热储互补发电系统具有更高的稳定性。

新能源场站快速有功控制及频率支撑技术综述

以光伏/风电为代表的新能源高比例并网降低了电力系统的惯量水平和频率支撑能力,频率稳定问题成为当前电网安全稳定和新能源高效消纳的核心问题之一。发展新能源发电并网机组单元和场站的快速有功频率响应和主动支撑能力是当前的研究热点。该文以“单机快速有功控制-场站快速有功控制-场站快速频率支撑”为主线,梳理光伏/风电的快速有功控制及频率支撑发展现状,分析频率检测、通信延时和控制响应模式等因素对光伏/风电场站频率响应快速性的影响,指出风电机组的机械载荷约束、风电场百毫秒级有功控制、场站的调频响应模式选择和优化、暂态有功无功协同控制是提升新能源发电单元和场站的快速有功频率响应能力的4个关键问题,最后对未来的重点研究方向进行展望和讨论。

光伏电站理论发电功率的优化计算模型与方法

光伏电站理论发电功率计算结果的准确性直接影响弃光电量的统计,对电网调度及光伏发展规划影响重大。理论发电功率的传统计算方法有样板逆变器法和气象数据外推法,当样板逆变器的出力受到限制时,样板逆变器法计算结果不准确,而气象数据外推法参数众多且难以确定。针对上述问题,提出了一种光伏电站理论发电功率优化计算方法。首先,介绍了样板逆变器法和气象数据外推法的计算原理,并分析了两种方法的特点和不足。然后,基于光伏电站历史出力及气象信息,提出了改进样板逆变器法和改进气象数据外推法。在实际应用中,当弃光未发生或者在弃光初始阶段采用计算精度更高的改进样板逆变器法开展计算,当样板逆变器出力受到限制时,切换至改进气象数据外推法进行求解。最后,对国内某光伏电站在不同气象条件下开展仿真计算,验证了所提方法的合理性和有效性。

大型集中式光伏电站效率测试及提效对策研究

随着光伏电站的投产运行,光伏发电量的大小直接影响电站效益,如何科学的对光伏电站效率进行测试、分析与评价,提高电站发电效率,显得尤为重要。通过调研200 MW集中式光伏电站运行情况,研究光伏电站系统能效测试技术,制定电站测试项目、测试要求、抽样原则,开展光伏电站现场测试,并对电站系统效率、组件串联失配率、组串并联失配率、逆变器转换效率、组件衰减率、洁净度对光伏板功率影响度、倾角与辐照度测试结果进行分析,从减少弃光率、组件清洗、组件倾角调整以及运维管理水平等方面,提出针对性的提效对策,在提高电站系统效率的同时,进一步提升电站效益。

考虑交通流量预测的光−氢−电耦合系统规划

为解决制氢、加氢站建设成本高、氢燃料汽车加氢具有不确定性特点等问题,提出一种考虑交通流量预测的光−氢−电耦合系统规划模型。首先,建立包含氢气生产、压缩和储存并通过充氢装置注入至氢燃料电池汽车内的现场制氢模型;其次,提出交通流量的预测方法,为制氢、加氢站系统建模和运行提供支持;最后,以最小化成本为目标,构建考虑交通流量预测的光−氢−电耦合系统规划模型,然后以IEEE30标准算例,以30路网节点为算例分析系统,研究发现制氢、加氢站联合光伏电站有利于降低系统成本;制氢补贴政策的实施使氢气需求增加28%,制氢、加氢站数量增加20%;电解槽制氢量快速响应峰谷分时电价变化。结果表明所提模型具有有效性。

基于遗传算法小波神经网络的光伏电站发电量预测方法

针对光伏电站发电量预测不准确及多种气象因素下预测结果出现波动的问题,提出一种基于遗传算法小波神经网络(GA-WNN)的光伏电站发电量预测方法。首先,以反向传播(BP)神经网络的结构为框架,选择小波基函数作为隐含层的传递函数,将网络连接权值、小波函数伸缩因子、小波函数平移因子视为遗传个体,并通过遗传算法(GA)进行个体寻优以得到网络最优初始参数;然后,利用优化后的网络进行仿真预测,并对仿真数据进行分析;最后,将预测结果与实际发电量进行对比,以评估预测模型的误差和可靠性。实例分析表明,GA-WNN预测模型具有更小的误差和更高的预测精度,适用于精确预测光伏电站的发电量。

计及静态电压稳定性的风光电站选址定容协同规划方法

为了降低风光电站并网给电力系统电压稳定性带来的负面影响,提出了计及静态电压稳定性的风光电站选址定容协同规划方法。分析了风光电站的发电特性,并对其建立数学模型;考虑并网等值阻抗和静态电压稳定性的内在制约关系,进一步综合风光电站及其汇集站选址定容、并网点位置等优化目标,建立了风光电站选址定容协同规划模型;基于地图栅格化和分段线性化方法,将所提规划模型转换为混合整数线性规划模型;在此基础上,利用K-means算法提取典型场景,并给出了所提模型的求解流程。基于西南某地区的实际数据进行算例验证,结果表明所提规划方法能够充分发挥规划区域内自然资源的禀赋特性和风光发电互补性,有效提高了风光电站并网后的静态电压稳定性。

分布式光伏电站接入配电网继电保护整定优化

为了缓解配电网的供电压力,越来越多的分布式光伏电站接入其中,导致配电网结构发生了改变,因此需要重新整定继电保护的定值,否则,当配电网发生故障时,继电器很难有效发挥其保护作用。提出一种分布式光伏电站接入配电网的继电保护整定优化方法。以继电器协同动作时间总和最小值为优化目标,设置4个约束条件,利用微分进化算法求取目标函数的最优解,得出继电器启动电流和时间整定系数的最优整定值。实验结果表明:在接入分布式光伏电站的两相短路故障时,所提整定优化方法的继电器保护总体动作时间更短,验证了该算法的保护整定效果更好,更有利于继电器迅速排除配电网故障,保护配电网安全。

基于变速抽蓄的新能源送端电网能量平衡优化控制方法研究

针对高比例新能源与抽水蓄能联合发电的送端电网协调关系复杂可能导致新能源消纳能力不足的问题,文章提出基于变速抽蓄的新能源送端电网能量平衡优化控制方法。首先,研究变速抽水蓄能机组的运行特性,分析基于变频器控制的变速抽水蓄能机组有功无功输出特性;其次,对变速抽蓄提升新能源发电能力进行分析,建立新能源送端电网能量平衡优化模型;再次,对量子粒子群算法进行改进,提出新能源送端电网能量平衡优化控制算法;最后,参考西北某地区的新能源基地外送模式,构建变速抽水蓄能电站以及常规抽水蓄能电站与新能源配合的典型场景,对比分析变速抽水蓄能电站与常规抽水蓄能电站提升新能源消纳的能力。仿真结果表明,基于变速抽水蓄能的送端电网能量平衡优化控制方法能够提高新能源利用率,可显著提升新能源的消纳水平。

城市轨道交通车站出入口分布式光伏发电应用研究

[目的]基于我国“碳达峰、碳中和”目标,以及城市轨道交通绿色、低碳、可持续发展的需求,研究分布式光伏发电系统在车站出入口应用的可行性。[方法]以深圳地铁为例,结合车站出入口的造型,研究了车站出入口光伏建筑一体化方案和光伏系统并网方案,分析了车站出入口光伏发电系统的经济效益和社会效益。[结果及结论]车站出入口是应用分布式光伏发电系统的理想场地,各类车站出入口结构形式均具备应用光伏发电技术的条件。城市轨道交通线路众多,每条线路车站出入口数量超过百余个,随着光伏发电成本进一步降低及国家“双碳”目标的推动,“光伏+轨道交通”将会产生更大的经济效益和显著的社会效益。

考虑调峰特性的抽水蓄能电站综合效能量化评估

在当前“双碳”目标的背景下,中国大力提倡能源转型,可再生能源发展迅速,其反调峰增大了系统的调峰压力。抽水蓄能电站作为重要调峰资源,是解决上述问题的有效手段之一,综合量化评估其在大规模风光并网下的效能,是对抽蓄电站的建设投资、运营设计和经济优化等工作提供科学决策的前提。为此,首先分析实际系统运行中抽蓄电站效能发挥的典型场景,并根据抽蓄电站的特性从不同维度建立了电站效能评价指标。然后采用模糊综合评价法构建了一套综合效能量化评估体系,运用改进层次分析法-CRITIC法的综合赋权法对各层指标赋权,并结合评价指标设置多层评价集,实现了对抽蓄电站从局部到整体的效能评估。最后,通过实例对综合效能评估模型验证分析,结果表明:构建的评价体系能较好地评估抽水蓄能电站的综合效能,研究结果可为中国蒙西地区抽水蓄能电站的建设提供指导,为其他地区抽水蓄能电站的效能评估提供指标和方法参考。

集中式光伏电站发电效率提升研究综述

随着国家“双碳”目标的逐步推进,新能源特别是光伏发电占比不断提高,集中式光伏电站因其较高的发电效率而备受关注,成为我国未来电力发展的重要方向。集中式光伏电站是目前光伏发电领域中发展较为成熟的一种形式,其大规模的设计和建设为发电领域的可持续发展提供有效的解决方案。然而,如何进一步提升其发电效率一直是一个重要的研究课题。在集中式光伏发电站发电过程中,其发电效率与诸多因素有关。因此,为提升集中式光伏电站发电效率,该研究针对诸多影响因素进行分析,并给出具体提升策略,具有较高的实用性和推广价值。

基于在线潮流反馈优化的配电网光伏电源功率公平分配策略

大规模光伏接入配电网,光伏发电高峰期受并网点电压限制存在严重弃光,受其所在位置影响有功削减量不同导致电站间功率分配不公平。因此,提出一种基于在线潮流反馈优化的配电网光伏电源功率公平分配策略。收集配电网各节点历史电压、功率数据,搭建循环神经网络(recurrentneural network,RNN),通过训练得到节点间电压和功率的关系,结合配电网实时运行数据求解节点间实时电压灵敏度矩阵。将控制策略划分为无功控制和有功削减两种模式,分模式制定各电站初始发电计划,然后在配电网仿真模型上进行潮流计算,根据结果反馈修正发电计划,将最终结果下达电站并执行。经验证,所提策略能够有效抑制电压越限及波动,实现各电站有功削减量的公平分配。