Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, ...Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES.展开更多
Interest in the development of grid-level energy storage systems has increased over the years.As one of the most popular energy storage technologies currently available,batteries offer a number of high-value opportuni...Interest in the development of grid-level energy storage systems has increased over the years.As one of the most popular energy storage technologies currently available,batteries offer a number of high-value opportunities due to their rapid responses,flexible installation,and excellent performances.However,because of the complexity,multifunctionality,and wide deployment of power grids,trade-offs in battery performance exist,especially when considering economics,environmental effects,and safety.Therefore,establishing a comprehensive assessment of battery technologies is an urgent undertaking.In this work,we present an analysis of rough sets to evaluate the integration of battery systems(e.g.,lead-acid batteries,lithium-ion batteries,nickel/metal-hydrogen batteries,zinc-air batteries,and Na-S batteries)into a power grid.Specifically,technological properties,economic significance,environmental effects,and safety of these battery systems are evaluated on the basis of rough set theory.In addition,some perspectives are provided to promote the development of battery technologies for grid-level energy storage.展开更多
针对中点箝位NPC(neutral point clamped)型三电平并网逆变器模型预测控制中模型参数扰动导致的控制精度低的问题,研究了一种改进的自适应模型预测控制策略。通过在遍历寻优过程中迭代控制参数以估计误差最小值,识别模型参数扰动量来更...针对中点箝位NPC(neutral point clamped)型三电平并网逆变器模型预测控制中模型参数扰动导致的控制精度低的问题,研究了一种改进的自适应模型预测控制策略。通过在遍历寻优过程中迭代控制参数以估计误差最小值,识别模型参数扰动量来更新系统模型参数,同时对控制集的作用区域进行优化,并结合两步预测法来减小遍历寻优过程的计算量。通过仿真对所提方法进行了验证,结果表明该方法提高了系统的控制精度和响应速度。展开更多
文摘Grid-level large-scale electrical energy storage(GLEES) is an essential approach for balancing the supply–demand of electricity generation, distribution, and usage. Compared with conventional energy storage methods, battery technologies are desirable energy storage devices for GLEES due to their easy modularization, rapid response, flexible installation, and short construction cycles. In general, battery energy storage technologies are expected to meet the requirements of GLEES such as peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, and emergency response, which are highlighted in this perspective. Furthermore, several types of battery technologies, including lead–acid, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, sodium–sulfur, lithium-ion, and flow batteries, are discussed in detail for the application of GLEES. Moreover, some possible developing directions to facilitate efforts in this area are presented to establish a perspective on battery technology, provide a road map for guiding future studies, and promote the commercial application of batteries for GLEES.
文摘Interest in the development of grid-level energy storage systems has increased over the years.As one of the most popular energy storage technologies currently available,batteries offer a number of high-value opportunities due to their rapid responses,flexible installation,and excellent performances.However,because of the complexity,multifunctionality,and wide deployment of power grids,trade-offs in battery performance exist,especially when considering economics,environmental effects,and safety.Therefore,establishing a comprehensive assessment of battery technologies is an urgent undertaking.In this work,we present an analysis of rough sets to evaluate the integration of battery systems(e.g.,lead-acid batteries,lithium-ion batteries,nickel/metal-hydrogen batteries,zinc-air batteries,and Na-S batteries)into a power grid.Specifically,technological properties,economic significance,environmental effects,and safety of these battery systems are evaluated on the basis of rough set theory.In addition,some perspectives are provided to promote the development of battery technologies for grid-level energy storage.
文摘针对中点箝位NPC(neutral point clamped)型三电平并网逆变器模型预测控制中模型参数扰动导致的控制精度低的问题,研究了一种改进的自适应模型预测控制策略。通过在遍历寻优过程中迭代控制参数以估计误差最小值,识别模型参数扰动量来更新系统模型参数,同时对控制集的作用区域进行优化,并结合两步预测法来减小遍历寻优过程的计算量。通过仿真对所提方法进行了验证,结果表明该方法提高了系统的控制精度和响应速度。