A Review of Grief Counselling Practices for Family Members of Oncology Patients in Hospice Care

In cancer patients, especially terminal patients, the family members of the patients will develop more serious sadness and find it difficult to face death rationally, which affects the quality of life and activities. Because of this, in the clinical treatment of oncology patients, strengthening hospice care for family members, doing a good job of death education, assisting them to face and participate in the clinical treatment of oncology in a positive way, and avoiding excessive grief can simultaneously improve the quality of life of patients and their families.

Symbolic Uses of the “Rain” in the Novel A Farewell to Arms

A Farewell to Arms,one of Ernest Hemingway's master works,mainly tells us a love story between Henry,a volunteer ambulance driver and Catherine,a beautiful British nurse.They fall in love with each other.Unfortunately,their love turns out to be a tragedy with Catherine and their baby's death.In this tragic story,it seems that where there is "rain",there is disaster and uneasiness.Accordingly,this essay will talk about the symbolic uses of the "rain".

Prevalence and risk factors of prolonged grief disorder among bereaved survivors seven years after the Wenchuan earthquake in China: A cross-sectional study

Background:This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictive factors of prolonged grief disorder(PGD)among those bereaved by the Wenchuan earthquake in Southwestern China seven years after the event.Methods:A cross-sectional survey based on census tracts was conducted on the bereaved earthquake survivors.Responses to the questionnaire regarding PGD and its potential associated factors were obtained either through face-to-face or telephone interview.PGD was screened by a validated Chinese version of the PGD questionnaire-13(PG-13).Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of PGD.Results:A total of 1464 bereaved earthquake survivors,with a response rate of 97.6%,were included in the study.Of the 1464 respondents studied,124(8.47%)were diagnosed with PGD.Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that PGD in the bereaved earthquake individuals was significantly associated with several factors,including age,economic burden,close kinship with the deceased,and living with the deceased before the loss.Wenchuan earthquake bereaved aged 41e60 years were more likely to develop PGD compared to those aged younger than 40 or older than 60(OR=2.075,95%CI=1.297e3.319).Those who had a close kinship with the deceased had a higher tendency to develop PGD(OR=5.144,95%CI=2.716e9.740).The odds of PGD among the earthquake bereaved with economic burdens were higher relative to those who did not experience an economic burden(OR=8.123,95%CI=2.657e24.831).Those who living with the deceased before loss also had a higher tendency to develop PGD(OR=0.179,95%CI=0.053e0.602).Conclusions:This study revealed that a significantly high proportion(8.47%)of the Wenchuan earthquake-bereaved remain grieving seven years after the event.Those diagnosed with PGD should receive appropriate interventions from clinical psychologists.The risk factors identified in this study are crucial for the early screening and prevention of PGD in future nursing and psycho-clinical practices.

Is There Growth in Grief: Measuring Posttraumatic Growth in the Grief Response

Introduction: Grief is considered to be negative manifestations of affect, cognition, and behavior. However, persons who experience grief have also reported enduring positive outcomes in such domains as interpersonal relationships, personal strengths, and life perspectives. This review evaluated current measures of grief to determine if such positive outcomes can be adequately assessed. Methods: The Texas Revised Inventory of Grief, Grief Experience Inventory, Bereavement Phenomenology Questionnaire, Core Bereavement Items, Continuing Bonds Scale, and Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist (currently the most common measures of grief) are reviewed. Results: Only one of the reviewed measures assessed posttraumatic growth as a component of grief (i.e., Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist). Conclusion: Since posttraumatic growth and negative psychological adjustment after traumatic events can coexist, it is important that measures of grief used in both clinical and research domains allow an assessment of positive response.

Characteristics and Social Support Needs Predicting Anticipatory Grief in the Spouses of Patients with Cancer at the End of Life

Background: Medical staff provide care to spouses of terminal cancer patients through trial and error by meeting their various support needs and spousal factors regarding their anticipatory grief. Studies on the association between spousal characteristics and anticipatory grief have been inconclusive;additionally, there has been insufficient research on support needs for anticipatory grief of spouses. This study aimed to explore the spousal characteristics and social support needs predicting anticipatory grief in spouses of patients with cancer at the end of life. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Eligible spouses (n = 102) completed a self-report questionnaire in two hospitals with palliative care units in Japan. The questionnaire included demographic information, a tool assessing social support needs of spouses, and the Anticipatory Grief Scale for Family Caregivers. Results: Simple regression analyses indicated that patient age, chemotherapy, no treatment, ECOG PS3, children aged under 20 years, total score of “social support needs regarding the disease and treatment of the patients” and subscale scores (“medical condition and cure,” “daily life and social support,” and “intimacy and employment”), and total score of “social support needs of the spouses” and subscale scores (“family psychological issues and social support” and “intimacy, employment, and society”) were significant variables (all p p Conclusions: Patients having no experience of “chemotherapy” and higher “social support needs of the spouses” in Model 1, and greater spousal needs of “family psychological issues and social support” in Model 2 were significant predictors of severe anticipatory grief. Medical staff should pay attention to these risk factors that predict anticipatory grief among spouses.

Analysis of Melancholy in Alfred Tennyson's “Break,Break,Break”

As a "Poet Laureate",Alfred Lord Tennyson has been loved and respected by critics and readers.He is famous not only for his unsurpassed virtuosity,but also the melancholy feeling in his poetry.He excels at penning short lyrics,among which "Break,Break,Break" is one of the representatives.This paper analyzes the melancholy in the poem from different perspectives,the rhetorical device of repetend,the diction and the sound.

A GIANT OF OUR ERA AND BOSOM FRIEND OF CHINESE SCIENTISTS-Mourning with deep grief over the death of comrade Deng Xiaoping

One of great leaders of our era, comrade Deng Xiaoping has passed away and left us forever.Chinese circles of science and technology were especially filled with the deepest sorrow when we heard the sad news of his death because we since then lost a leader of foresight and sagacity, a venerable elder as well as a good teacher and a helpful friend. But his enduring contribution to Chinese science, and his earnest teachings to Chinese scientists have been, and will be, a far-reaching and unflagging influence in the years to come.

Nation in grief for the killed

China's national flag flies at half-mast after the flag-raising ceremony on Tian'anmen Square in Beijing

Factors Related to Complicated Grief among Bereave Individuals after the Wenchuan Earthquake in China

Background： The Wenchuan earthquake in China caused shock and grief worldwide. Sudden bereavement caused by the earthquake led to physical disorders as well as psychological disturbances in the bereaved individuals. The bereaved had a high risk for complicated grief （CG）, which may have led to significant distress and impairment in their health. However, there was few available studies on CG among disaster-bereaved individuals in China after the disaster. The aim of this study was to identify factors （demographic characteristics and disaster-related variables） associated with symptoms of CG among the bereaved 18 months after the Wenchuan earthquake. Methods： This study was conducted with a cross-sectional design and a convenience sample of 271 bereaved individuals from three of the hardest hit areas. Data were collected by questionnaires and the instruments used in the study were： General questionnaire and Inventory of CG （ICG）. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with symptoms of CG. Results： The mean score on ICG was 52.77 （standard deviation： 10.00）. Being female and loss of a child were related to higher level of CG while having another child after the disaster and receiving psychological counseling experience were associated with lower level of CG. Forty-nine percent of the variance of CG was explained by these identified factors. Conclusions： Eighteen months after the Wenchuan earthquake, the symptoms of CG among the bereaved were higher than the previous studies with bereaved individuals. This study uncovers a vulnerable population of the bereaved at high risk for CG. Early assessments, targeted interventions, and policy support tailored for the disaster-bereaved individuals are necessary to identify and alleviate symptoms of CG and to improve their well-being.

Personality and behavioral changes in Asian elephants(Elephas maximus)following the death of herd members

Elephants are highly social beings with complex individual personalities.We know that elephants have a general interest in death,investigating carcasses,not just limited to kin;however,research does not explore in depth whether individuals change their behavior or personality following traumatic events,such as the death of a conspecific.Within a captive herd of Asian elephants(Elephas maximus)housed at Chester Zoo,UK,we measured social behavior and proximity and personality using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory,and found age-related and relationship-related changes in both behavior and personality following the deaths of herd members.Overall,the herd spent less time socializing and engaging in affiliative behaviors following the death of the adult female when compared to baseline data,yet spent more time engaging in these behaviors after the death of two calves.The death of the central female had a dramatic impact on her infant calf,resulting in increasingly withdrawn behavior,yet had the opposite effect on her adult daughter,who subsequently established a more integrated role within the herd.Emotional Stability fell in the motherless calf but rose in an adult female,who had lost her adult daughter,but had a new calf to care for.We suggest that the greater impact on the behavior and personality of surviving herd members following the deaths of calves,compared to an adult member,attests to the significance of the unifying role played by calves within an elephant herd.

Mourning with deep grief over Prof.Hua Loo-keng——The Editorial Board of Acta Mathematical Sinica

To our great sorrow Prof.Hua Loo-keng,former editor in chief of this journal,passed away of a sudden heart attack in Tokyo onJune 12.1985 during his academic visit to Japan.His passing away is undoubtedly a heavy loss forthe Chinese mathematical circle and scientific circleand the whole nation.

MOURN FOR PROFESSOR ALLEN T. CHWANG WITH DEEP GRIEF

With deep sadness, the Editorial Board of Journal of Hydrodynamics mourns the passing of Professor Allen T. Chwang. Prof. Chwang has been an International Advisor of our board since 1989 and the Chairman of Executive

Grief and Renewal

Sirens wail, national flags fly at half-mast, Chinese people from across the vast territory engage in mourning. The sad moment onApril 21 has instilled in us a heart breaking sense of deja vu, as

Disrupted Narrative Voices and the Representation of Trauma in Sonya Hartnett's Surrender and Kalinda Ashton's The Danger Game

In this paper I will consider the intersection between family tragedy,trauma,and affective uses of narration in two Australian novels:Surrender(Hartnett,2005)and The Danger Game(Ashton,2009).In both of these novels,narratological techniques are utilised to represent a grief beyond words—the tragic loss of a close family member,specifically,a sibling.Both novels use disruptions in narrative forms—particularly in the inherent expectations readers bring to the forms of first,second and third person narration.These narrative disruptions mirror the disruptions of identity experienced by the characters in these texts.Moreover,as we engage with the traumatic content through a fractured subjectivity presented by these texts,our identities as readers,too,become fractured and disrupted.These disruptions of identity echo that which is experienced by the characters themselves through their loss.By analysing the link between these disruptions and the content of these novels,we get a better understanding of the ways in which f ictive worlds can represent psychological issues.The narration of these novels and their engagement with childhood sibling loss enable us to begin to create and understand a broader aesthetic of representational trauma.