Characteristics and Mechanism of Modified Triethanolamine as Cement Grinding Aids

Effects of modified triethanolamine as cement grinding aids on particles characteristics and mechanical property of cement were studied, and its reaction mechanism was analyzed by IR, Zeta potential, SEM, XRD and TG-DTA. The results show that the content of 3-32 μm particles for cement with 0.015% modified triethanolamine（M-TEA） is increased by 12.4%, and the compressive strengths of cement with 0.03% M-TEA are increased by 5.5 and 8.2 MPa at 3 and 28 days, respectively. And both the grinding and enhancement effects of M-TEA on cement are better than triethanolamine. The mechanism analysis shows that M-TEA not only has the amino and hydroxyl groups of TEA, but also has the ester, carbonyl, carboxyl groups which easily combine with metal ions of cement minerals, resulting in that M-TEA can promote surface adsorption and shield the unsaturated charges in the surface and crack section of particles, thus particles reunion is prevented and grinding efficiency is improved. Enhancement of M-TEA on cement mainly lies in that it can promote or induce hydration reaction of cement mineral with gypsum and water, which accelerates formation of hydration products, and then improves the structure and morphology of cement hydration products, thus the uniformity and compactness of product structure is increased.

Effects of Adding Boron Compounds to Glycol Based Grinding Aids on Cement Compressive Strengths Performance

In this study, the effect of substituting boron compounds with glycol-based grinding aids to the compressive strength performances of cement was investigated. Monoethylene glycol (MEG) and diethylene glycol (DEG) were used as glycol-based grinding aids, and anhydrous borax and boric acid were used as boron compounds in the tests. CEM I type cement production was carried out with the addition of grinding aid mixtures to Portland clinker and some gypsum in the experiments. All produced cement samples were tested for Blaine fineness, xrf elemental analysis and 2, 7 and 28 days compressive strength tests. Test results of grinding aids of MEG and boron compounds mixture showed no increase in any age of compressive strengths performances related to MEG used itself. However, with the addition of boron compounds to DEG increased grinding aid performance at all ages (2, 7 and 28 days). Possible reasons for this increase could be borate esters formed with DEG and boric acid in a basic medium.

Effect of Polymer-based Grinding Aid on Sulfate Attacking Resistance of Concrete

Influences of polymer-based grinding aid（PGA） on the damage process of concrete exposed to sulfate attack under dry-wet cycles were investigated. The mass loss, dynamic modulus of elasticity（Erd）, and S and Ca element contents of concrete specimens were measured. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, mercury intrusion porosimetry（MIP）, and X-ray diffractometry（XRD） were used to investigate the changing of microstructure of interior concrete. The results indicated that PGA was capable of reducing the mass loss and improving the sulfate attack resistance of concrete. X-ray fluorescence（XRF） analysis revealed that PGA delayed the transport process of sulfate ions and Ca ions. In addition, MIP analysis disclosed that the micropores of concrete with PGA increased in the fraction of 20-100 nm and decreased in the residues of 200 nm. Compared with the blank sample, concrete with PGA had more slender and well-organized hydration products, and no changes in hydration products ratio or type were observed.

The Influence of Oleic Acid on the Hydration and Mechanical Properties of Portland Cement

To investigate the effects of OA on the portland cement using oleic acid （OA） as grinding aid and the effects of OA on the portland cement, we characterized the different perfermances of the cement, discussed the characteristics of properties. The results reveal that the OA can reduce the water requirement of normal consistency. With the content of OA added, setting time was extended. The OA can significantly improve the rheological properties of cement-based materials, while the compressive strength decreases.

Surface Modification and Model of Glassy Cementitious Materials

Basic theory of surface modification about glassy cementitous materials is presented. At the same time modified glassy cementitous materials were manufactured by means of point activation and disperse and grind aid according to technology of mechanical-chemistry. This theory about surface modification has been proved by some experimental results such as SEM, size distribution, fluidity of the paste, physical-mechanical properties of the hardened paste and heat of the hydration. The particle size of modified fly ash is tending to become smaller and the shape of microfine particles seems a ball; strength of modified glassy cementitous materials and ordinary portland cement compound paste has a obvious increment and fluidity of the paste also has a noticeable improvement; surface modification also can accelerate the formation of paste structure to a certain degree. Besides a model about the interactive mechanism of modified glassy cementitous materials and ordinary portland cement is put forward.

SURFACE EFFECT IN PROCESSING CHINASTONE

As one of main raw materials in ceramic industry, chinastone mostly contains minerals such as quartz and sericite. In ultrafine processing of chinastone, the aggregation and adhesion of micropowders caused by surface effect lower the efficiency of ultrafine comminution. In this paper, a kind of grinding aid for chinastone delaminating has been developed by the author to change the surfacial electronic property of particles and decrease the viscosity of pulp. Experiments about delaminating-comminuting chinastone ores from Ningcun and Shangzhu (Jiangxi Province, China) reveal that the contents of 2 um grade particles are increased from 23. 0% and 27. 1% to 42. 7% and 45. 3% respectively, the products reach the index at first-class chinastone.

Enhancement of energy efficiency for mechanical production of fine and ultra-fine particles in comminution

This paper presents the energy requirements for mechanical production of fine and ultra-fine particles in comminution. Recent approaches for effective size reduction and energy saving in comminution are described, viz., （a） development and application of new mills/classifiers, （b） adjustment of the bead characterization in stirred bead mills, （c） hybrid comminution systems with roller-press and media mill, （d） assisted methods, and （e） simulation.2007 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V.