Urogenital Complications of Groin Hernia Surgery: A Multicentre Study in Guinea

Context and Objective: Groin hernia is a common pathology in visceral surgery (2nd rank after appendicitis), which affects approximately 4.6% of the African population. Restoring the normal anatomy of the groin region is one of the most benign interventions. However, uro-andrological complications are possible. This study aimed to contribute to the improvement of the management of urogenital complications of groin hernia surgery. Patients and Method: We carried out a prospective study of descriptive type with a duration of 6 months from 1 August 2021 to 31 January 2022. The data were collected using a pre-established survey sheet. The study covered several sites (public hospitals and private clinics) in Guinea. Results: The urogenital complications of the surgery of the hernia of the groin represented 15.22% or 14 cases out of 92 patients. The average age was 37.00 years with extremes of 20-69 years. Polygamists occupied the first place. The reason for consultation was dominated by decreased testicular volume (42.86%), followed by a desire to conceive (21.43%). Unilateral testicular atrophy represented 63.64%, bilateral 27.27%. We performed a left orchidectomy in one patient and a cystorraphy in another simple operative follow-up. The other cases consisting of testicular atrophy, due to lack of a suitable technical platform, did not benefit from any specific therapeutic treatment. Conclusion: Urogenital complications of groin hernia surgery are relatively common. Testicular atrophy was the main clinical complication. The left orchidectomy and cystorraphy were the therapeutic procedures performed.

Current trends in laparoscopic groin hernia repair: A review

Hernia is a common problem of the modern world with its incidence more in developing countries. Inguinal hernia is the most common groin hernia repaired worldwide. With advancement in technology operative techniques of repair have also evolved. A Pub Med and COCHRANE database search was accomplished in this regard to establish the current status of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in view of recent published literature. Published literature support that laparoscopic hernia repair is best suited for recurrent and bilateral inguinal hernia although it may be offered for primary inguinal hernia if expertise is available.

Single Incision Laparoscopic Transabdominal Preperitoneal Repair for Strangulated Groin Hernia

Introduction: Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has become more popular for various surgical procedures including hernia surgery. Initial results of SILS in elective hernia repair were comparable to those of conventional laparoscopic approaches. However the use of SILS in emergency case has not been widely reported. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the use of single incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair for patients presenting with strangulated groin hernia. Method: Emergency single incision laparoscopic TAPP repair were performed in our unit from June 2011 onwards for selected patients. Retrospectively data including the patient demographics, operative time, type of hernia, hospital stay, complications and recurrence rate were collected and analyzed. Result: There were a total of five patients in this series from June 2011 to June 2012. The median age was 62 years old with a male to female ratio of 4:1. Four patients had unilateral hernia (one femoral and three inguinal hernias) and one had bilateral hernia (unilaterally strangulated femoral hernia and bilaterally reducible indirect inguinal hernia). The median operative time was 75 minutes for patients with unilateral repair. None of the patients required bowel resection. The conversion rate to either conventional laparoscopic or open repair was zero. The median hospital stay was 2 days. No major complication or recurrence was detected. Conclusion: This series showed that single port laparoscopic TAPP repair for strangulated groin hernia is a feasible option with no major complication reported.

Single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair in the treatment of adult female patients with inguinal hernia

BACKGROUND Women have a 3%lifetime chance of developing an inguinal hernia,which is not as common in men.Due to its cosmetic benefits,single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal(SIL-TAPP)inguinal hernia repair is becoming in-creasingly popular in the management of inguinal hernia in women.However,there are no studies comparing the safety and applicability of SIL-TAPP repair with conventional laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal(CL-TAPP)inguinal hernia repair for the treatment of inguinal hernia in women.AIM To compare the outcomes of SIL-TAPP and CL-TAPP repair in adult female patients with inguinal hernia and to estimate the safety and applicability of SIL-TAPP repair in adult female inguinal hernia patients.METHODS We retrospectively compared the clinical information and follow-up data of fe-male inguinal hernia patients who underwent SIL-TAPP inguinal hernia repair and those who underwent CL-TAPP inguinal hernia repair at the Affiliated Hos-pital of Nantong University from February 2018 to December 2020 and assessed the long-term and short-term outcomes of both cohorts.RESULTS This study included 123 patients,with 71 undergoing SIL-TAPP repair and 52 un-dergoing CL-TAPP repair.The two cohorts of patients and inguinal hernia charac-teristics were similar,with no statistically meaningful difference.The rate of intraoperative inferior epigastric vessel injury was lower in patients in the SIL-TAPP cohort(0,0%)than in patients in the CL-TAPP cohort(4,7.7%)and was significantly different(P<0.05).In addition,the median[interquartile range(IQR)]total hospitalization costs were significantly lower in patients in the SIL-TAPP cohort[$3287(3218-3325)]than in patients in the CL-TAPP cohort[$3511(3491-3599)].Postoperatively,the occurrence rate of trocar site hernia was lower in the SIL-TAPP cohort(0,0%)than in the CL-TAPP cohort(4,7.7%),and the median(IQR)cosmetic score was significantly higher in the SIL-TAPP cohort[10(10-10)]than in the CL-TAPP cohort[9(9-10)].CONCLUSION SIL-TAPP repair did not increase the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications in female in-guinal hernia patients.Moreover,female inguinal hernia patients who underwent SIL-TAPP repair had a lower probability of trocar site hernia and inferior epigastric vessel injury than female inguinal hernia patients who un-derwent CL-TAPP repair.In addition,female inguinal hernia patients who underwent SIL-TAPP repair reported a more aesthetically pleasing postoperative abdominal incision.Therefore,SIL-TAPP repair is a better option for the treatment of inguinal hernias in women.

Inguinodynia following Lichtenstein tension-free hernia repair:A review

Chronic Groin Pain (Inguinodynia) following inguinal hernia repair is a significant,though under-reported problem. Mild pain lasting for a few days is common following mesh inguinal hernia repair. However,moderate to severe pain persisting more than 3 mo after inguinal herniorrhaphy should be considered as pathological. The major reasons for chronic groin pain have been identified as neuropathic cause due to inguinal nerve(s) damage or non-neuropathic cause due to mesh or other related factors. The symptom complex of chronic groin pain varies from a dull ache to sharp shooting pain along the distribution of inguinal nerves. Thorough history and meticulous clinical examination should be performed to identify the exact cause of chronic groin pain,as there is no single test to confirm the aetiology behind the pain or to point out the exact nerve involved. Various studies have been performed to look at the difference in chronic groin pain rates with the use of mesh vs non-mesh repair,use of heavyweight vs lightweight mesh and mesh fixation with sutures vs glue. Though there is no convincing evidence favouring one over the other,lightweight meshes are generally preferred because of their lesser foreign body reaction and better tolerance by the patients. Identification of all three nerves has been shown to be an important factor in reducing chronic groin pain,though there are no well conducted randomised studies to recommend the benefits of nerve excision vs preservation. Both nonsurgical and surgical options have been tried for chronic groin pain,with their consequent risks of analgesic sideeffects,recurrent pain,recurrent hernia and significant sensory loss. By far the best treatment for chronic groin pain is to avoid bestowing this on the patient by careful intra-operative handling of inguinal structures and better patient counselling pre-and post-herniorraphy.

Current trends in the diagnosis and management of post-herniorraphy chronic groin pain

Inguinodynia(chronic groin pain) is one of the recognised complications of the commonly performed Lichtenstein mesh inguinal hernia repair.This has major impact on quality of life in a significant proportion of patients.The pain is classif ied as neuropathic and nonneuropathic related to nerve damage and to the mesh,respectively.Correct diagnosis of this problem is relatively difficult.A thorough history and clinical examination are essential,as is a good knowledge of the groin nerve distribution.In spite of the common nature of the problem,the literature evidence is limited.In this paper we discuss the diagnostic tools and treatment options,both non-surgical and surgical.In addition,we discuss the criteria for surgical intervention and its optimal timing.

Sports hernia and femoroacetabular impingement in athletes: A systematic review

AIM: To investigate the association between sports hernias and femoroacetabular impingement(FAI) in athletes.METHODS: Pub Med, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and Google Scholar databases were electronically searched for articles relating to sports hernia, athletic pubalgia, groin pain, long-standing adductor-related groin pain, Gilmore groin, adductor pain syndrome, and FAI. The initial search identified 196 studies, of which only articles reporting on the association of sports hernia and FAI or laparoscopic treatment of sports hernia were selected for systematic review. Finally, 24 studies were reviewed to evaluate the prevalence of FAI in cases of sports hernia and examine treatment outcomes and evidence for a common underlying pathogenic mechanism.RESULTS: FAI has been reported in as few as 12% to as high as 94% of patients with sports hernias, athletic pubalgia or adductor-related groin pain. Cam-type impingement is proposed to lead to increased symphyseal motion with overload on the surrounding extra-articular structures and muscle, which can result in the development of sports hernia and athletic pubalgia. Laparoscopic repair of sports hernias, via either the transabdominal preperitoneal or extraperitoneal approach, has a high success rate and earlier recovery of full sports activity compared to open surgery or conservative treatment. For patients with FAI and sports hernia, the surgical management of both pathologies is more effective than sports pubalgia treatment or hip arthroscopy alone(89% vs 33% of cases). As sports hernias and FAI are typically treated by general and orthopedic surgeons, respectively, a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and treatment is recommended for optimal treatment of patients with these injuries.CONCLUSION: The restriction in range of motion due to FAI likely contributes to sports hernias; therefore, surgical treatment of both pathologies represents an optimal therapy.

完全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术中探查对侧腹股沟区必要性的相关研究

目的探讨在进行完全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术(TEP)时对对侧腹股沟区探查的必要性.方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年3月142例单侧腹股沟疝患者临床资料,依据手术方法的不同,按术中有无进行对侧腹股沟区探查,分为研究组71例(双腹腔镜TEP)和对照组71例(TEP).对比两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院费用、术后住院时间、对侧隐匿疝发现情况、术后并发症发生率.结果研究组手术时间为(95.35±32.25)min,对照组为(90.63±28.28)min,两组患者手术时间差异无统计学意义(t=0.927,P=0.356).研究组术中出血量为(6.87±5.38)mL,对照组为(7.03±4.51)mL,两组差异无统计学意义(t=-0.186,P=0.853).研究组住院费用为(18733.19±3655.51)元,高于对照组的(17063.71±1270.63)元,差异有统计学意义(t=3.635,P<0.001).研究组术后住院时间为(1.89±0.78)d,对照组为(1.73±0.77)d,两组差异无统计学意义(t=1.185,P=0.238).研究组术后并发症发生率为7%,而对照组为5.6%,两组差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.119,P=0.731).研究组术中探查出对侧隐匿疝17例.两组均随访至2022年5月,研究组未发现对侧腹股沟疝,而对照组患者在随访过程中有6例患者发现了对侧腹股沟疝,两组患者差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.265,P=0.012).结论TEP术中探查对侧腹股沟区极为必要,有利于提高隐匿疝的检出率,减少术后对侧疝发生率,从而降低再次手术率,有着良好临床应用价值.

The Groin Physiology Revisited

The purpose is to contribute new information to the existing body of knowledge of the physiology of the groin. In a prospective ultrasonographic study, after an informed consent, 10 men and 10 women who were intact in the groin areas of surgery or relevant disease were involved. For a comparison, additional groups of 5 men and 5 women with abdominal wall hernias, but with no groin hernias, and other 5 men with inguinal hernias were included. The distal descent of the internal oblique muscle during the Valsalva’s manoeuvre in men was 0.8 cm ± 0.1 and in women it was 0.3 cm ± 0.1 (p < 0.001);the plate of transversus abdominis muscle changed its initial configurations and took on the characteristics of aponeurosis. During the Valsalva manoeuvre the rectus abdominis muscle demonstrated a distal latero-caudal shift of its lateral margin. In individuals with failed mechanics of the abdominal wall, the rectus abdominus does not realize the protective function. The mobile anatomic structures in the groin are oriented in three frontal planes. It formulated the concept of a synchronous protective function of all myofascial structures in the groin. We established that the anatomic structures transform the inguinal canal into a hermetic entity, which protects both the ingunal canal and the spermatic cord.

The Femoral Hernia: Some Necessary Additions

Purpose: The anatomic region through which most inguinal hernias emerge is overcrowded by various anatomical structures with intricate relationships. This is reflected by the wide range of anatomic interpretations. Material and Methods: A prospective anatomic study of over 100 fresh cadavers and 47 patients operated on for femoral hernias. Results: It was found that the transversalis fascia did not continue distally into the lymphatic lacuna. Medially this fascia did not reach the lacunar ligament, but was rather positioned above it forming laterally the vascular sheath. Here the fascia participates in the formation of a fossa, which varies in width and depth—the preperitoneal femoral fossa. The results did not confirm the presence of a femoral canal. The distances were measured between the pubic tubercle and the medial margin of the femoral vein, and between the inguinal and the Cooper’s ligaments. The results clearly indicate that in women with femoral hernias these distances are much larger. Along the course of femoral hernia exploration we established the presence of three zones that are rigid and narrow. These are the potential sites for femoral hernia incarceration. Conclusion: In the lower infra-inguinal space, where femoral hernias could appear, the integrity is achieved by means of a complex fusion of fascio-ligamentous structures, where the iliopubic tract, the medial condensations of the transversalis fascia and the lacunar ligament are the most important.

单孔腹腔镜自制疝针经皮完全腹膜外内环结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝715例

目的探讨单孔腹腔镜自制疝针经皮完全腹膜外内环结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的方法与疗效。方法回顾性分析2018年9月至2020年6月福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院小儿外科收治的715例小儿腹股沟斜疝患者临床资料。男580例,女135例;单侧687例,双侧28例;男性患儿中右侧325例、左侧240例、双侧15例,女性患儿中右侧62例、左侧60例、双侧13例。分析男女比例、侧别占比情况、手术时间、术中出血量及术中发现对侧鞘状突未闭或隐性疝占比情况。结果715例均于腹腔镜下完成手术,无一例中转开放手术。术中发现对侧鞘状突未闭或隐性疝320例(46.5%,320/687),其中男性右侧140例(43.1%,140/325)、男性左侧115例(47.9%,115/240),女性右侧33例(53.2%,33/62)、女性左侧32例(53.3%,32/60)。术中因内环口内侧腹膜褶皱多导致疝针不能顺利通过35例(4.9%,35/715),均为男性,于脐下3 cm左右或脐旁置入一辅助抓钳辅助操作。手术时间:单侧10~15 min,平均12 min;双侧15~21 min,平均17 min。术中出血量0~1 mL。麻醉清醒后即进食。715例均于入院后24 h内出院。无一例损伤精索血管、输精管、腹壁下动脉,术后无一例阴囊肿胀。随访12~33个月(平均18.3个月),2例复发,1例出现线结反应,无一例出现睾丸萎缩、医源性隐睾、术后鞘膜积液。结论单孔腹腔镜自制疝针经皮完全腹膜外内环结扎术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝创伤小、恢复快、复发率低、切口美观,可发现并同期治疗对侧鞘状突未闭或隐性疝,值得临床推广。

彩色多普勒超声对腹股沟疝的价值研究

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声根据疝囊与腹壁下动脉关系在腹股沟直疝、斜疝鉴别诊断中的准确性及应用价值。方法:回顾性分析在莱州市人民医院超声诊断为腹股沟疝并进行腹腔镜修补术的146例患者,共151处侧腹股沟疝。其中,斜疝113例,直疝32例,符合疝4例,股疝2例。所有入选者均通过彩色多普勒超声检查并鉴别直疝、斜疝及股疝,超声记录疝的内容物,有无积液、有无崁顿、疝囊与腹壁下动脉的位置关系。分析彩色多普勒超声根据疝囊与腹壁下动脉位置关系对腹股沟疝的诊断效能。结果:术后腹腔镜诊断腹股沟斜疝113例,直疝32例,复合疝4例,股疝2例;彩超多普勒超声诊断斜疝113例,直疝36例,股疝2例,复合疝0例。超声诊断斜疝的符合率约93.38%、直疝的符合率约93.38%,超声诊断斜疝的灵敏度约95.58%、直疝的灵敏度约90.63%,超声诊断斜疝的特异性约86.84%、直疝的特异性约94.12%,超声诊断斜疝的阳性预测值约95.58%、直疝的阳性预测值80.56%,超声诊断斜疝的误诊率约13.16%、直疝的误诊率约5.88%,超声诊断斜疝的漏诊率约4.44%、直疝的漏诊率约9.38%。结论:彩色多普勒超声能够清晰显示疝囊与腹壁下动脉的位置关系,从而可以准确鉴别斜疝与直疝,继而有效指导腹腔镜疝修补术。

腹腔镜下腹膜前腹股沟疝补片修补术(TAPP)的临床研究

目的 探究腹腔镜下腹膜前腹股沟疝补片修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal, TAPP)的效果。方法选取2018年1月—2023年1月盐城市大丰人民医院胃肠外科收治的腹股84例沟疝者为研究对象。依手术方案分为对照组(开放无张力疝修补,42例)及观察组(TAPP手术,42例),比较两组围术期情况,炎症反应及身心健康状态。结果 观察组在手术、术后恢复过程多项指标上,显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的身心状态相关量表评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后的IL-6(4.38±1.85)ng/L、TNF-α(45.27±6.02)μg/L、CRP(0.81±0.33)ng/L较对照组(6.47±1.09)ng/L、(51.59±5.06)μg/L、(1.27±0.22)ng/L更低,差异有统计学意义(t=6.308、10.221、7.517,P<0.05)。结论 对腹股沟疝患者做TAPP手术的效果较传统疝修补更理想,手术过程更顺利、康复更迅速,不仅能减少炎症反应,还可维持身心健康。

国人耻骨肌孔和腹膜前间隙的应用解剖研究

目的通过测量男性国人耻骨肌孔的面积,观察腹膜前间隙的解剖情况,为基于耻骨肌孔全覆盖理念的腹膜前间隙疝修补的手术方式提供解剖依据。方法解剖男性国人尸体24具,其中新鲜尸体2具,共计48侧。测量耻骨肌孔的面积,观察腹膜前间隙的器官结构及其位置毗邻关系。结果国人尸体耻骨肌孔的平均面积为（19.5±3.7）cm2,左右两侧的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。耻骨肌孔大小与骨盆大小无相关性,腹壁下动脉的一些分支发至腹膜前间隙,在耻骨肌孔处的腹膜前间隙内下方有盆底静脉丛,有收集盆底血流的静脉（髂耻支）汇入腹壁下静脉,外上方有髂动、静脉,腹壁下血管斜行跨过耻骨肌孔,并发出2~3支小分支。结论本研究能为基于耻骨肌孔全覆盖理念的腹膜前间隙疝修补手术提供解剖学依据,为修补材料的改进提供数据,使之适合中国人的解剖构造。

成人腹股沟疝患病情况的多中心研究

了解上海部分地区的腹股沟疝的患病及相关情况。方法:对上海市的三家医院20734例体检者进行了专项的腹股沟疝情况的调查。结果:腹股沟疝的患病率约为3.6‰;其中男性为4.8‰,女性为1.3‰。60岁以下的患病率约为1.7‰,60岁以上的患病率约为11.5‰。腹股沟疝的发病似与职业、肥胖、吸烟等因素无关,但有较明显的家族性倾向。结论:腹股沟疝的发病男性多于女性;60岁以上者明显多于60岁以下者;有家族倾向;发病与职业、肥胖、吸烟等因素的关系不明确。

腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前网片疝修补术和开放疝修补术的随机对照研究

目的通过一项随机临床试验对腹腔镜经腹腔腹膜前网片疝修补术(TAPP)和开放式疝修补术进行比较。方法将101例腹股沟疝病人随机分成腹腔镜组(n=51)及开放手术组(n=50),分别行TAPP和开放无张力疝修补术(Lichtenstein修补),术后对病人进行随访,比较2组病人的相关参数。结果腹腔镜组病人的手术时间比开放组长(P<0.05)。2组术中并发症率无差异。术后1周的腹腔镜组的并发症率较开放组高(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组病人的住院时间、恢复工作的时间比开放组短(P<0.05)。术后1年,腹腔镜组病人发生慢性疼痛的比率与开放组相比差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论TAPP治疗腹股沟疝是可行的、安全的,且在术后恢复方面较开放无张力修补更有优势。

隐匿性腹股沟斜疝60例诊断和治疗

目的 提高对隐匿性腹股沟斜疝的诊断与治疗水平。 方法 对不明原因的腹股沟区疼痛患者 ,初期高度怀疑为隐匿性腹股沟斜疝时即行手术探查 ;近期采用疝囊造影术明确诊断后再行手术治疗。手术方法分别采用疝囊高位结扎术、张力性疝修补术和无张力疝修补术。 结果 初期手术探查 44例 ,明确诊断并手术治疗 41例 ,误诊而致阴性探查 3例 ,术后 2例 5年内复发再手术 ;近五年对 30例施行了疝囊造影术 ,术前确诊 19例 ,均由手术证实 ,无 1例假阳性。术后患者症状消失 ,恢复良好 ,尚无复发者。 结论 疝囊造影术可提高对隐匿性腹股沟斜疝的术前诊断水平 ,避免手术探查盲目性。

腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的应用解剖学研究

目的:应用腹腔镜技术量化研究腹股沟疝患者腹股沟应用解剖学特点,确定疝修补片大小的方法。方法:自2003年11月～2005年1月,完成50例腹股沟疝患者共57个腹股沟疝的腹腔镜疝补片修补术,分为斜疝组43个,直疝组14个,健侧作为对照组共43个。术中测量耻骨联合到腹壁下动脉发出处的长度(L)以及疝环直径(D),统计分析3组结果差异。结果:直疝组和斜疝组L值分别与对照组相比,t值为3.41和9.29,P值分别为0.001和0.000,说明腹股沟直疝和斜疝组的L值均小于对照组,差异具有显著性;直疝组L值和斜疝组相比,t=3.66,P=0.001,即直疝组L值较斜疝组大,差异具有显著性。直疝组疝环D值和斜疝组相比,t=2.58,P=0.013,直疝组D值较斜疝组大,差异也具有显著性意义。结论:腹股沟斜疝与直疝的腹股沟解剖结构具有显著差异,腹腔镜疝修补术中所用的补片大小应参照个体解剖学数据。

微型腹腔镜小儿腹股沟疝修补改良方法的研究

目的:探讨改良对小儿腹股沟疝更加微创、简易、有效的外科治疗方法。方法:利用微型腹腔镜的监视下,刺入带缝合线的Endoclose针,穿过同侧脐内襞下方,将其拉至覆盖疝内环口处固定,使脐内侧襞覆盖同侧疝内环口。结果:治疗32例,37个疝内环口。病儿年龄15月龄至11岁。术后复查4-16月,无术后复发及其它不适。结论:腹腔镜下采用脐内侧襞覆盖内环口的方法治疗小儿腹股沟疝,是一种有效、操作简易、手术风险更小的微创外科治疗方法。

免气囊分离器全腹膜外腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术(附44例报告)

目的:探讨免气囊分离器完全腹膜外腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术(TEP)的可行性,分析免气囊分离器TEP中常见的操作难点与失误及其对策。方法:自2003年11月～2005年1月,完成44例病人共51例次腹股沟疝的免气囊分离器TEP,其中斜疝37例次,直疝14例次。按斜、直疝分为两组,观察记录病人一般资料、体重指数(BMI)、分型、手术时间、术中出血量、术后出血量、术后住院时间、恢复日常活动时间、手术操作失误及并发症。结果:斜疝与直疝比较,除了斜疝组腹膜撕裂8例次显著大于直疝组3例次外(χ2=10.37,P=0.001),两组年龄、BMI、手术时间、术中出血、术后出血、住院天数及恢复天数间的差异均无统计学意义。斜疝组发生腹壁下血管游离3例次,鞘膜积液4例次。两组广泛皮下气肿各有1例次。两组均未见术后神经性疼痛、腹股沟血肿和切口感染。全组随访时间1～14个月,无一例疝复发。结论:免气囊分离器TEP是安全、可行的,主要的操作失误和手术并发症有腹膜撕裂、腹壁下血管游离、皮下气肿以及鞘膜积液。