Analysis of Application Status and Recommendations for Shade-Tolerant Lawns and Ground Cover Plants in the West Lake Scenic Area

Taking 8 parks in Xihu Scenic Area as the survey objects, this study found that there are 77 kinds of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants under the forest in good growth condition, and there are 3 types of application forms: dense forest, sparse forest and forest edge. In response to the existing problems, it is proposed that it is necessary to adhere to principles of ecology, adapt to local conditions and plant suitable varieties in accordance with local conditions, develop and use new varieties of wild shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants, and strengthen the promotion of the mixed planting model of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover plants, so as to provide guidance for the better use of shade-tolerant lawns and ground cover under the forest in the West Lake Scenic Area in the future.

Application of Garden Ground Cover Plants in Urban Roof Gardens

By analyzing the characteristics of ground cover plants,this study aimed to discuss about the plant species available for roof gardens and the selection principles.

Study on the Ground Cover Plant in Tibetan Herb Garden

This paper conducts a comprehensive survey of the ground cover plant in Tibetan herb garden for the first time using " five-point sampling method". Survey results show that:(i) A total of 46 families,95 genera,119 species of ground cover plants in herb garden are applied in Tibet,and Asteraceae,Gramineae,Leguminosae,Labiatae,Iridaceae and Liliaceae are used most,with the species number of 22,15,8,7,6 and 5,respectively,accounting for 18. 49%,12. 61%,6. 72%,5. 88%,5. 04% and 4. 20% of the plants surveyed,respectively.(ii) In terms of importance value for the herbaceous layer,the top three plants are Poa pratensis L.,Festuca arundinace and Lolium multiflorum L.,with the importance value of 45. 950,34. 610 and 29. 880,respectively; in terms of importance value for the non-turf ground cover herb plants,the top three plants are Trifolium L.,Cosmos bipinnata Cav. and Althaea rosea(Linn.) Cavan.,with the importance value of4. 372,3. 437 and 2. 062,respectively.(iii) The overall level of greening is low and uneven in the region,with large regional differences. In terms of ground cover plant abundance,Nyingchi > Lhasa > Shannan > Changdu > Xigaze > Ali > Nagqu.

Investigation and Evaluation of Ground Covers in Botanical Garden of Chengdu

After investigating species and application forms of ground covers in Botanical Garden of Chengdu, the application quality evaluation system was established from the perspective of ornamental, adaptive and applicable characteristics of ground covers, AHP and K-Means adopted to evaluate and grade major ground covers. The results showed that there are 93 ground cover species in Botanic Garden of Chengdu, belonging to 82 genera of 47 families. Major application means of the ground covers in the garden were introduced, covering fl ower bed, roadside, waterfront, under woods, lawn, rockery decoration. Application quality of the 38 major ground covers was evaluated comprehensively, and the qualifi cation rate achieved 97.39%, i.e. these plants are able to meet ecological, beautifying and social functions in the garden.

Landscape Application of Ground Covers in Beijing Highway

Ground cover is a necessary component of highway green space, and as a background color of landscape, it enriches landscape hierarchy, reflects regional characteristics, and reduces maintenance cost. By analyzing application of ground covers in some sections of 6 highways in Beijing, China, selection standards, application species, and planting designs of ground covers in highway green spaces of Beijing were explored, so as to enrich the application species, optimize landscape designs, and enhance the application of under-bridge ground covers.

Preliminary Study on Dynamic Changes of Insect Communities in Airport Ground Cover Areas in Different Weather Conditions

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate insect activity rhythms in airport ground cover areas,and provide guidance for insect control and bird strike prevention.[Methods]The daily rhythm of insects in the northern area of the airport was studied,and their activity rhythms and characteristics under different weather conditions were analyzed.[Results]In rainy days,the insect number in the three sample areas was low.In cloudy days,insect activity was relatively stable,and insect number was consistent in the morning and evening,and maintained in a stable range,while in sunny weather,insect activity was increased,and the number changed greatly with time.For a single tussock plant growth area,the number of insects was at a relatively low level under rainy weather.In fine weather,the peak period of insect activity was between 10:00-11:00 and 14:00-15:00.[Conclusions]This study can provide a reference for the formulation of safe flight departure time.

Study on Ability of Ground Cover Plant of Taiyuan to Adsorb PM(2.5)

Four ground cover plant species of Taiyuan（ Iris,Hemerocallis,Sedum,Hosta） were selected to study their capacities in adsorbing PM（2.5）. Meanwhile,the concentration of PM（2.5） in Taiyuan between April 2017 and August 2017 was recorded,and the characteristics of PM（2.5） pollution in summer and autumn in Taiyuan were studied. The results showed that for the 4 plants,the ability to adsorb PM（2.5） was in the order from great to small of Hosta,Iris,Hemerocallis,Sedum,in which H. plantaginea had the best effect to adsorb PM（2.5）. The fresh weight and dry weight per gram of H. plantaginea were 4. 4 times and 2 times higher than those of S. spectabile,while the mass quality of dust adsorption was 2.8 times higher. The sorting result was the same as the ability to adsorb PM（2.5） of unit leaf area. The result of the coefficient of purification showed that the purification coefficients of 3 vegetation structure were positive,and the combination of trees and shrubs in university campus had strong PM（2.5） adsorption capacity. By comparing the seasonal variation of PM（2.5） concentration in Taiyuan city,it found that the PM（2.5） concentration was particularly high in late spring and early summer of Taiyuan,when most of the ground cover plants were not fully grown. Therefore,ground cover plants played an important role in the construction of landscape and the regulation of ecological environment in Taiyuan.

Feasibility of using polypropylene ground cover upon consideration of long-term responses of sweet cherry nutrition and profitability

The impacts of synthetic polypropylene ground cover in the row area of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) trees (‘Regina’/’Gisela 6’) on soil nutrient availability, tree mineral nutrition and productivity, and economic returns were investigated on a Van Horn fine sandy loam soil at Hood River OR, from 2000 to 2007. Treatments included 2.44-m wide synthetic fabric ground cover made of black, woven poly-propylene over the row area of cherry trees (woven fabric), and no ground cover but with herbicide applications in the row area with the same width as the polypropylene ground cover (herbicide strip) – standard industry practice. This article reports the plant nutrition and soil fertility results of 2006 and 2007 and profitability and feasibility results of 2000 to 2007. Tree leaf nitrogen (N) concentrations were significantly higher with 9 to 14% increases using woven fabric compared with herbicide strip in 2006 and 2007. However, leaf sulfur (S) concentrations were significantly lowered with woven fabric in the two seasons. Woven fabric resulted in fruit with comparable quality and possible greater storability under enhanced fruit yields than herbicide strip in both years. Woven fabric was more profitable than herbicide strip based on an additional net present value of $2,606 ha-1 by the end of this study. Woven fabric had annual gross returns greater than annual costs in the fourth year after planting by $8,181 ha-1 relative to herbicide strip, and had cumulative net returns greater than total costs of all previous years in the sixth year after planting by $17,796 ha-1 over herbicide strip. However, to establish a sweet cherry orchard with woven fabric, the grower would spend an additional $4,332 ha-1 over herbicide strip. In conclusion, woven fabric is a profitable and sustainable in-row ground management alternative to herbicide strip for orchards from a long-term perspective.

Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics in the Eseka Alluvial Gold Mining District, Centre Region, Cameroon

Local populations in Cameroon thrive on forest resources and the flow of ecosystem services they provide are pivotal in sustaining national economy, improving people’s lives, safeguarding biodiversity, and mitigating the impacts of environmental changes. The exploitation of these resources invariably leads to deforestation and forest degradation. This study was designed to evaluate land use land cover change (LULCC) in the Eseka alluvial gold mining district with the aid of Landsat images. In the investigation of forest cover change, four Landsat satellite images for (1990, 2002, 2015 and 2022) were used. Ground-truthing also helped to identify the activities carried out by the local population and to determine agents, drivers and pressures of land use and land cover change. Four main land cover classes namely: forest, agricultural land, settlement/mining camps and water bodies were selected. Between 1990 and 2022, the proportion of forest decreased from 98% to 34% while those of agricultural land and settlement/mining camps increased from 2% to 60% and 0.54% to 6% respectively. Analysis showed ongoing deforestation with forest cover loss of ~98,263 ha in 32 years giving a cover change percentage of 63.94%. Kappa coefficient for the study period ranged from 0.92 to 0.99. Forest cover loss could be attributed to farming activities, wood extraction and alluvial gold mining activities. Economic motives notably the need to increase household income from a frequent demand for farm and wood products in neighbouring towns and the quest for gold were the main drivers of these activities. Hence, this study assesses the impact of human activities from the mining sector on the forest ecosystem in a bid to inform mitigation policies.

Study of seasonal snow cover influencing the ground thermal regime on western flank of Da Xing'anling Mountains,northeastern China

Although many studies relevant to snow cover and permafrost have focused on alpine, arctic, and subarctic areas, there is still a lack of understanding of the influences of seasonal snow cover on the thermal regime of the soils in permafrost regions in the mid-latitudes and boreal regions, such as that on the westem flank of the Da Xing＇anling （Hinggan） Mountains, northeastern China. This paper gives a detailed analysis on meteorological data series from 2001 to 2010 provided by the Gen＇he Weather Station, which is located in a talik of discontinuous permafrost zone and with sparse meadow on the observation field. It is inferred that snow cover is important for the ground thermal regime in the middle Da Xing＇anling Mountains. Snow cover of 10-cm in thickness and five to six months in duration （generally November to next March） can reduce the heat loss from the ground to the atmosphere by 28%, and by 71% if the snow depth increases to 36 cm. Moreover, the occurrence of snow cover resulted in mean annual ground surface temperatures 4.7-8.2℃ higher than the mean annual air temperatures recorded at the Gen＇he Weather Station, The beginning date for stable snow cover establishment （SE date） and the initial snow depth （SDi） also had a great influences on the ground freezing process. Heavy snowfall before ground surface freeze-up could postpone and retard the freezing process in Gen＇he. As a result, the duration of ground freezing was shortened by at least 20 days and the maximum depth of frost penetration was as much as 90 cm shallower.

FAST BREEDING OF GROUND-COVER CHRYSANTHEMUM

The experiment of tissue culture of ground-cover chrysanthemum with the tip of shoots as the explant was made. On MS medium, with adding BA 3.0 mg/ L and NAA 0.01mg / L, the adventitious buds had the best multip1ication result. The best result for taking roots was obtained on 1 / 2 MS medium with adding NAA 0.1 mg / L. It had good result and a high survival rate for transplanting the young test-tube plants into soil whcn they were 3-4 cm high,with 5-7 rootlets (0.5- 1.0 cm in length). 30% of edible powdered sugar was uscd to replace sucrose in order to lower thc cost and the same results were obtained.

山东枣园地被植物对土壤固碳能力的影响

为明确枣园常用地被植物吸收二氧化碳(CO_(2))能力及其对土壤固碳能力的影响,选择可有效降低空气中温室气体的鼠茅草、长柔毛野豌豆和油菜等草品种,以自然生草为对照,研究分析不同地被植物吸收碳的能力,刈割覆盖后生物量损失量、残渣分解初期碳含量、分解末期碳含量和土壤有机碳含量的变化,为枣园地被植物选择提供依据。结果表明:长柔毛野豌豆吸收碳的能力最强,达3596.7~4822.3kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1);自然生草刈割覆盖并分解3个月后残渣剩余碳最多,在1164.55~2529.97kg·hm^(-2);油菜碳释放碳量高于其他3种地被植物,平均5679.7 kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),最高达6316.67kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),是对照的1.56倍;油菜使土壤固定的有机碳最多,达4790.75kg·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),为对照的1.4倍。

基于LBM-DEM细观数值模拟的水力诱导覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷发育过程分析

文章以水力驱动的覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷为背景,基于离散元方法和格子Boltzmann方法,采用Bouzidi插值反弹边界格式和动量交换法,建立一种可以从细观角度模拟覆盖型岩溶塌陷的二维格子Boltzmann方法—离散元方法流固耦合模型。在此基础上对承压水下降引起的覆盖型岩溶塌陷数值模拟开展了探索性研究。模拟结果表明:承压水位下降工况中地下水主要对隔水层岩溶开口处的颗粒产生影响,对土洞周围土体产生向下的作用力;土体颗粒的剥落容易造成土颗粒原位置和上方位置处水压的陡降,从而造成较强的水力坡降,使得地下水对内部颗粒作用力陡增,容易引起上方颗粒在地下水作用力和重力作用下失稳,导致从土体颗粒失稳至土层塌陷逐渐加速。研究成果对进一步从细观尺度进行水力驱动的覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷的发育过程与特征研究具有理论及实际意义。

生物降解地膜水蒸气透过量试验中不同条件对结果的影响

生物降解地膜相比传统聚乙烯地膜,水蒸气透过量要大。因此,研究影响生物降解地膜水蒸气透过量因素就很重要。本文通过对2种不同厚度的样品分别进行不同称量时间间隔的水蒸气透过量测定,并利用GB/T 35795—2017《全生物降解农用地面覆盖薄膜》水蒸气透过量检验指标和GB/T 1037—2021《塑料薄膜与薄片透水蒸汽性能测定杯式增重与减重法》规定的测试方法,以恒温恒湿箱增重法为试验方法研究了称量时间间隔对水蒸气透过量的影响关系。结果表明:1)厚度对地膜的水蒸气透过量有影响,随着厚度的增加,水蒸气透过率会减少;2)水蒸气透过量测试过程中,称量时间间隔会影响结果准确性,在满足GB/T 1037—2021中要求的干燥剂吸湿总量不超过10%的前提下,称量时间间隔与结果呈负相关性。

茶用地被菊新品种的活性成分测定与感官评价

研究地被菊新品种的茶用价值,建立可靠的茶用菊综合测评体系,有助于选育兼有高观赏性、高风味水平、强抗逆性和长花期的菊花品种。目前关于茶用菊品质评价的文献报道以营养成分测定为主,缺少对综合品质的评价。本研究按照茶用菊鲜花品质筛选标准,筛选了‘TC15’、‘TC3’、‘TC40’、‘TC43’、‘TC61’、‘TC12’、‘TC31’和‘TC10’等8个新品种,烘制成茶用样品。以2个传统茶用菊品种(杭白菊、黄山贡菊)为对照,对10个样品的活性成分进行测定,包括总黄酮、总多酚、可溶性糖和水浸出物等指标。组织并培训专业的感官评价小组,按照小组制定感官品质(外观和风味)评分标准,对10个样品的干花和冲泡后的茶汤、汤花进行评价。通过与杭白菊、黄山贡菊比较活性成分含量和感官品质,综合评价得出新品种‘TC43’、‘TC3’和‘TC10’具有较高的茶用价值。

赣州市园林地被植物资源筛选评价及园林应用研究

为评价地被植物在赣州城市绿地中的表现,筛选出适合城市园林应用的地被植物品种,采用层次分析法构建赣州市园林地被植物综合评价体系,从观赏性、生物学特性、应用潜力3方面筛选出13个评价指标,对赣州市园林应用的75种地被植物进行评价与分级。结果表明:观赏期、显示度、适应性等指标在园林地被植物占较大权重,其中Ⅰ级(3.6<Q≤4.0)有9种,Ⅱ级(3.2<Q≤3.6)有29种,Ⅲ级(2.8<Q≤3.2)有25种,Ⅳ级(Q≤2.8)有12种。

园林地被植物混植技术应用研究

络石、常春藤、铜钱草、薜荔、过路黄都是园林应用价值高的地被植物,单一应用中有观赏期生长季节性的局限性,混合栽植博采众长,是实践验证可行的园林种植形式,但表现效果却千差万别,园林审美质量有待提升。以长效性多样性为目标,对络石、常春藤、铜钱草、薜荔、过路黄混植,观察生长状况,探索不同混合比例不同栽植方式混植地被的园林表现效果。通过选择不同数量比例,进行对比试验,经过4年的持续观察,研究不同混植比例对植被的新梢长度、粗度、叶片大小的影响,结果表明络石:常春藤:铜钱草:薜荔:过路黄进行1:4:4:1:4栽植,生长势覆盖度、色彩丰度、叶片质地效果较好。通过叶片大小色泽和密度观察,栽植方式比较发现栽培坡度为10:2的混植效果较好。

生态地质调查方法与评价体系研究——以京西“一线四矿”地区为例

生态地质作为一门新兴交叉学科,诸多学者对其研究内容、工作思路、技术手段、服务目标等进行了探索。以京西“一线四矿”为研究对象,阐述了以服务于生态保护和修复为目标的生态地质调查总体思路和工作方法,建立了生态地质分区评价指标体系。研究结果表明:生态地质分区评价能够直观反映生态地质本底特征,是生态地质条件优劣的直接表现;“地理+地质+生态”三要素融合的生态地质分区评价模式,建立了1个目标层、3个准则层、10个指标层的评价指标体系,其中地理环境权重0.1226,地质环境权重0.6011,生态环境权重0.2763。以地质建造为分类单元,地表基质层支撑力由强到弱分别是中性侵入岩建造、陆源碎屑岩建造、中性喷出岩建造、基性喷出岩建造、碳酸盐岩建造。京西“一线四矿”地区(287 km^(2))生态地质条件良好区面积105.9 km^(2),占比36.9%;一般区面积78.7 km^(2),占比27.4%;较差区面积102.4 km^(2),占比35.7%。在京西“一线四矿”及周边区域协同发展概念规划总体策划范围(99 km^(2)),圈定出乔木生长适宜区面积58.6 km^(2),灌木生长适宜区面积40.4 km^(2)。

Advanced land observing satellite data to identify ground vegetation in a juniper forest,northeast Iran

Juniperus excelsa subsp.polycarpos,(Persian juniper),is found in northeast Iran.In this study,the relationship between ground cover and vegetation indices have been investigated using remote sensing data for a Persian juniper forest.Multispectral data were analyzed based on the Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 and panchromatic data obtained by the Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping sensors,both on board the advanced land observing satellite(ALOS).The ground cover was calculated using field survey data from 25 sub-sample plots and the vegetation indices were derived with 595 maximum filtering algorithm from ALOS data.R2 values were calculated for the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)and various soil-adjusted vegetation indices(SAVI)with soilbrightness-dependent correction factors equal to 1 and 0.5,a modified SAVI(MSAVI)and an optimized SAVI(OSAVI).R2 values for the NDVI,MSAVI,OSAVI,SAVI(1),and SAVI(0.5)were 0.566,0.545,0.619,0.603,and 0.607,respectively.Total ratio vegetation index for arid and semi-arid regions based on spectral wavelengths of ALOS data with an R2 value 0.633 was considered.Results of the current study will be useful for forest inventories in arid and semi-arid regions in addition to assisting decisionmaking for natural resource managers.

不同地布覆盖对桃园土壤及果实品质的影响

为研究不同类型地布对桃园土壤及果实品质的影响,2022年在婺城区白龙桥镇董村桃树种植基地开展可降解地布试验。试验品种为锦绣黄桃,以不覆盖地布为对照,设置双色地布、单色地布2个处理,采用田间调查、数据分析等方法,研究了不同地布对桃园土壤理化性质、果实品质以及土壤杂草生长状况的影响。结果表明,地布覆盖可以提高土壤含水量,覆盖双色地布的土壤湿度比未覆盖高21.5百分点;地布覆盖可以调节土壤温度,不同地布之间没有差异;地布覆盖后除了土壤碱解氮含量有提高,其余土壤养分没有影响;地布覆盖杂草抑制率100%,省工节本,单色地布成本更低,推广价值更高。