Monitoring and Assessment of Current Situation of Environmental Quality in Yueqing Bay

Based on the monitoring results of environmental quality in Yueqing Bay during 2007-2014,the current situation of environmental quality in the bay was analyzed and assessed. The results show that pH,DO,CODMn,petroleum,and heavy metals( Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,As and Cr)in the seawater of Yueqing Bay did not exceed the second class standard of Seawater Quality Standard( GB 3097-1997),but inorganic nitrogen and reactive phosphate in the seawater of Yueqing Bay exceeded the second class standard seriously,and the water quality of the bay was in an eutrophic state; the standard index of evaluation factors of sediment quality was smaller than 1,meeting the demands of sediment quality for environmental protection.

Assessing the Impact of Petrol Service Stations on Selected Physico-Chemical Water Quality Parameters within Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria

This study assessed the impact of petrol service stations on physico-chemical water quality in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State. This threw light on the extent of damage and alteration of water quality in Port Harcourt metropolis as a result of the proliferation of petrol service stations especially the condition of ground and nearby surface water. This serves as a useful tool to government and regulatory authorities for planning especially due to lack of central water supply system in Port Harcourt metropolis. The parameters studied were sampled, measured and analyzed using in situ and other standard methods. Remarkable results above permissible limits of interest for physicochemical parameter analysis revealed pH values from 4.6 to 6.8, electrical conductivity from 0.002 µS/cm to 0.42 µS/cm, salinity from 3 ppm to 4050 ppm, and temperatures from 19.9˚C to 32.6˚C. Total dissolved solids (TDS) varied from 7 ppm to 1000 ppm, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from 0.167 mg/L to 2.167 mg/L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 0.257 mg/L to 3.253 mg/L, and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations from 1.70 mg/L to 4.30 mg/L. Specifically, water samples from NNPC Filling Station (Choba) and Eneka Pond displayed “Poor” water quality with WQI values of 112.003 and 112.076, respectively. Similarly, ALLTEC Filling Station (Eneka) and TOTAL Filling Station (Rumuomasi) had “Poor” water quality with WQI values of 173.707 and 180.946, respectively. In contrast, Excelsis Filling Station (Akpajo) demonstrated “Good” water quality with a WQI of 85.2072, while Total Filling Stations (Slaughter) and Choba River revealed “unsuitable for drinking” water quality with WQI values of 552.461 and 654.601, respectively. Slaughter River also indicated very poor water quality with a WQI of 442.024. The physicochemical and nutrient analyses of the water samples showed that activities of the filling stations within the study area may have polluted groundwater in the environment posing poor aesthetics and great health risk to consumers of the water bodies. The findings underscore the need for immediate remediation efforts and stricter regulatory measures to protect water quality. The study concluded that surface and groundwater near petrol service stations in Port Harcourt are unfit for drinking and irrigation purposes without adequate treatment.

ArcGIS-Based Rural Drinking Water Quality Health Risk Assessment

Aiming at the unsafe of water quality which is the core problem in rural drinking water safety, the study col-lected 221 water samples of rural drinking water sources in Ya'an and detected the concentrations of the car-cinogen and the non-carcinogen. Based on the analysis of water environment characteristics and the identifi-cation of water environment health risk source of Sichuan Ya’an City, which includes seven counties and a district and is the typical region of the western margin of Sichuan Basin, this study calculated and analyzed the carcinogenic risk (R) and non-carcinogenic risk (hazard index, HI) by applying the health risk model recommended by the US National Research Council of National Academy of Science. Then, taking advan-tage of the geo-statistic spatial analysis function of ArcGIS, this study analyzed the assessment result data (R and HI), selected the proper interpolation approach and educed R and HI spatial distribution maps of the study area. R and HI of the single factor and integrate factors were evaluated and thus obtained the following conclusions: For one thing, the cancerous risk indexes of the vast majority of water sources (about 94%) is the level of 10-7 and it belong to the safety extension. The main carcinogen in the water sources are As, Cr6+ and Pb, their concentrations are in the ranges of 0.004-0.01, 0.005, 0.01mg/l respectively and such water source mainly distributed in Yucheng district and Mingshan county. For another, the non-cancerous hazard indexes of the vast majority of water sources (about 98%) is also less than the limit value 1 and will not harm the local residents. The health risk of non-carcinogen comes mainly from As and fluoride, their concentra-tions are in the ranges of 0.004-0.01 and 0.1-4.2mg/l respectively. The results of the integrate factors health risk assessment showed that the total cancerous risk were still at the level of 10-6, only 12 drinking water source investigation sites (5%) exceeded the drinking water management standard value of EPA (the limit value is 10-6);the total non-cancerous hazard indexes are still in the range of 10-2-10-1, and will not harm the local residents either, only 18 drinking water source investigation sites (8%) exceeded the drinking water management standard value of EPA(the limit value is 1).The densely populated areas such as Yucheng Dis-trict, Tianquan County, Yingjing County and Shimian County are where the four contaminating materials, i.e., As, Cr6+, Pb and fluoride should be monitored with emphasis. Study results disclosed the health risk control indexes of source water quality of the studied area and thus provided the scientific basis for the water quality control of water sources. This study had worked efficiently in practice. Compared with the same kind of methods which had been found, the paper had the outstanding results for the health risk assessment of the rural drinking water safety.

Assessment of Effects of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station on the Ecological Environment and Water Quality of its Adjacent Waters after its Running

On the basis of the data of biological and nonbiological factors collected respectively from 1989 to 1990 and from 1995 to 1996 in the waters nearby the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station, the ecological environment and water quality of the waters are analyzed and assessed in the paper. The results show: (a) the surveyed area has the typical ecological characteristics of high tidal range estuary, rich nutrients and low biological productivity, (b) tide, runoff and offshore seawater intrusion are the key factors which result in seasonal and annual changes of various biological and non-biological factors, (c) the risking of seawater eutrophication index is resulted from enormous amount of the discharges of industrial and domestic sewage, (d) because the survey area is located in a high tidal-range estuary, thermal effluent from cooling system does not induce significant temperature changes, ( e) the first stage project of Qinshan nuclear power station has no notable impacts on the ecological environment in

Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing Provides Prevalence Data for Pathogens, and Source-Tracking Indices Useful in Public Health Risk Assessment of Environmental Waters

State-approved membrane filtration (MF) techniques for water quality assessments were contrasted with metagenomic shotgun sequencing (MSS) protocols to evaluate their efficacy in providing precise health-risk indices for surface waters. Samples from a freshwater receiving pond (ABI-1002) and two upstream storm water ditches (ABI-1003) and (ABI-1004) yielded alarmingly high Fecal coliform MF densities of 220, >2000 and >2000 CFU/100ml respectively. The indicator, Enterococcus bacteria exceeded allowable limits in all but the equipment control (ABI-1001). Using MSS, the relative numerical abundance of pathogenic bacteria, virulence and antibiotic resistance genes revealed the status and potential pollution sources of each ditch. High levels of Shigella sp. (0 (ABI-1001), 4945 (ABI-1002), 55,008 (ABI-1003), and 2221 (ABI-1004) genomic reads/100ml) correlated with virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes found in fecal samples for ABI1003 and not ABI1004. Traditional culture methods (TCM) showed possible fecal contamination in two of the four samples, and no contamination in the others. MSS clearly distinguished between fecal and environmental bacteria contamination sources, and pinpointed actual risks from pathogens. Our data underscore the potential utility of MSS in precision risk assessment for public and biodiversity health and tracking of environmental microbiomes shifts by field managers and policy makers.

甘肃省白银市四龙镇—北湾镇耕地区土壤重金属现状及生态风险评价

[研究目的]甘肃省白银地区矿业发达,矿山开采导致土壤重金属污染严重,掌握当地土壤重金属污染及对生态健康风险的影响对生态环境保护具有重要意义。[研究方法]以甘肃省白银地区四龙镇一北湾镇耕地区表层土壤为研究对象,采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法四种方法对区内表层土壤重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn)污染进行了分析和评价。[研究结果]单因子指数法统计结果显示研究区土壤污染主要为Cd、As的污染,单因子指数PCd显示89.21%的土壤为一等清洁,8.63%为二等轻微污染,0.72%为三等轻度污染,1.44%为四等中度污染。单因子指数PAs显示94.24%为土壤为一等清洁,5.04%为二等轻微污染,0.72%四等中度污染。内梅罗综合指数Pz介于0.339~2.869,均值为0.603;Pz显示85.61%的土壤为清洁,7.91%为轻微污染,5.04%为轻度污染,1.44%为中度污染。地积累指数法结果显示研究区土壤重金属污染总体处于0~2级,以Cd、Hg、As、Pb污染为主。潜在生态危害指数法结果显示,研究区污染以Cd、Hg污染为主;Cd潜在生态风险最大,10.07%属于中潜在风险,5.04%属于较高潜在风险,1.44%属于很高潜在风险;潜在生态危害综合指数平均值为211.80,表明该地区土壤总体处于中等危害程度。四种方法评价结果总体一致,即研究区以Cd、As、Hg污染为主,应加强监测。[结论]以黄河为界对调查区进行分区研究,结果显示北岸灌淤土区(B区)污染最为严重,与东大沟河交界位置污染程度最高,水体及底泥样品重金属分析结果也证实东大沟河污染也较为明显,进一步证实了研究区北部主要受白银矿山东大沟河流域污染为主,而黄河南岸土壤相对清洁,但也受到不同程度的影响。近些年,随着引黄灌溉及矿山环境治理等措施,土壤污染有所缓解,但土壤中累积的重金属需要长时间的自然降解或迁移,对高风险区仍应加强监测及治理。

某深埋输水隧洞放射性环境地质调查与评价

为探究某深埋输水隧洞穿越地层的放射性环境质量,采用原位测试和样品分析等手段,研究隧洞施工期的不利因素。结果表明:隧洞地表沿线的放射性元素含量在背景值变化范围内,未发现放射性异常现象。隧洞穿越的7个钻孔内γ总量和地温测井的结果表明:孔内核素放射性水平较低,基本处于豁免水平,但地温存在异常区域,施工期务必引起重视。钻孔目的层的岩心放射性核素活度浓度低,属于豁免范围内,孔内地下水放射性水平低,满足Ⅲ类地下水要求。辐射防护的计算结果显示,隧洞段地表沿线γ有效剂量当量为0.15 mSv/年,符合国家要求。隧洞段内照射指数和等效镭浓度符合约束值,ZK16钻孔的目的层外照射指数略高于标准值。因此,地下隧洞在施工期需着重关注洞内放射性水平,在辐射异常地段加强岩石采样与分析工作,以保证施工安全。

汉江中下游水质时空特征及环境流量确定

近年来,汉江中下游水质问题频发,且河道内环境流量尚未明确,严重威胁沿岸用水安全。为探明汉江中下游水质时空分布特征和河道环境流量,收集调研了2015—2019年汉江中下游黄家港、襄阳、皇庄、沙洋、潜江、仙桃和汉川等7个控制断面的pH、溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷5项水质指标,基于水质单因子评价方法分析了水质时空变化特征。通过建立一维水动力-水质模型,构建了基于保障各控制断面水质的环境流量计算方法;根据不同水源的输入,计算了汉江中下游河道环境流量,并提出了保障方案。结果表明,汉江中下游丰水期氨氮和枯水期总磷在皇庄以下断面均未达到Ⅱ类水标准,氨氮沿程变化不明显,总磷从上游至下游逐渐升高。环境流量保障需结合引江济汉补水工程和丹江口下泄流量,丰水期和枯水期当引调长江水分别为500 m^(3)/s和350 m^(3)/s时,还需丹江口水库分别下泄214 m^(3)/s和315 m^(3)/s才能满足河道内的环境流量。研究为汉江中下游水质安全保障和合理分配丹江口水资源提供了参考。

大连市乡镇生活垃圾填埋场地下水质量评价与污染物识别

通过对大连市乡镇生活垃圾填埋场周边地下水中22项指标进行检测分析,采用标准指数法、评分法等对地下水质量状况进行评价,采用累计污染负荷比法对地下水污染物进行识别,并给出相关管控建议。结果表明:地下水中耗氧量、总硬度、溶解性总固体等7项污染物有超标现象,超标率在15.4%~38.5%之间;区域综合评分值为4.34,总体水质较差;影响水质的污染物主要有总硬度、溶解性总固体、硫酸盐、氯化物、耗氧量、氨氮、硝酸盐等。

化工项目场地环评中土壤和地下水调查分析

土壤和地下水是重要的自然资源。近年来,对自然环境保护的重视程度较高,土壤和地下水也受到更多的关注。相关部门应重视化工项目对当地土壤和地下水情况的影响,通过场地调查和环境影响评价的方式完成对相关影响的综合考虑和分析,并提升相关调查、检测的针对性,按照检测结果完成对后续工作计划的调整。本文就化工项目场地调查与环评中土壤和地下水调查方面工作的具体落实情况进行分析,以期提升土壤和地下水调查结果的真实性、准确性,为调查工作提供有力的数据资料支持。

基于解析法的某废润滑油仓储项目地下水环境影响评价

地下水环境影响评价是环境影响评价工作中一个重要的专题工作。通过资料收集、水文地质调查、水文地质钻探、现场水文地质试验、水样采集与测试、水位水质监测井建设等工作,获取研究区水文地质条件、水文地质参数、含水岩组特征、地下水水质情况。假定在非正常工况下,利用解析法模型,模拟渗漏污染物在地下水中的运移规律,预测污染物在地下水环境中的污染程度,在一定时间序列的扩散影响范围以及迁移趋势。结果表明:生活污水发生渗漏时,地下水中污染物氨氮、COD的浓度均超标。发生渗漏500 d后,地下水中污染物氨氮的浓度才显示未超标,发生渗漏1000 d后,地下水中污染物COD的浓度才显示未超标;生产废水发生渗漏时,地下水中污染物石油类、COD的浓度均有超标。发生渗漏1000 d后,地下水中污染物COD的浓度才显示未超标,发生渗漏10000 d后,地下水中污染物石油类才显示未超标。

大唐巩义电厂扩建工程对区域地下水环境影响研究

巩义市地处在嵩山北麓,属于黄土丘陵区,浅层地下水类型属黄土裂隙水,水位埋藏较深,地下水富水性差,属贫水区。本次以大唐巩义电厂扩建工程为例,通过工程建设过程中的水文地质调查成果,结合区域水文地质资料,查明工程所在区的地下水类型、富水性、水质状况及补给、径流、排泄条件,对工程建设对区域地下水环境的影响进行研究,结果表明:(1)研究区内浅层水埋藏在黄土裂隙中,含水层厚度在3~5 m,单井出水量一般小于100 m^(3)/d,属水量贫乏区,区内浅层黄土裂隙地下水划分为三种类型。其中,HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg型水,其水质较好;HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Mg或HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na或HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Na或HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Na·Mg型水,主要分布于拟建场址区及其以西,水质较差;HCO_(3)·CI-Ca·Mg型水,水质较差。深层地下水埋藏于黄土裂隙浅层地下水之下,属中等富水区,地下水水化学类型为HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg或Ca·Na型水,水质优良。(2)工程建设对地下水产生污染的途径主要是污染物通过包气带下渗进入浅层地下水,造成浅层地下水及其与之有水力联系的深层地下水的污染。(3)从浅层地下水水文地质条件和地质环境分析成果看,研究区浅层水存在Fe^(3+)、Mn、F、CI^(-)、NH_(4)^(+)、NO_(3)-(N计)、NO_(2)^(-)(N计)超标现象,主要与含水层地质因素、农业化肥使用及生活废水排放等污染因素有关,建议在开采深层地下水时,采取封闭浅层地下水的止水措施,防止混合开采污染深层水,保护深层地下水水源。本次研究为合理保护区域地下水资源提供了科学依据。

基于综合水质标识指数法的农村环境监测孝义河水质评价

农村生态环境保护是实现乡村振兴不可缺少的一环,农村环境质量监测是评价农村生态环境质量状况的前提条件。以保定农村环境监测中孝义河段监测为例,作为白洋淀上游最重要的入淀河流,科学合理评价孝义河水质,对掌握其水质变化规律有着重要意义。选取孝义河段2020-2023年6个监测断面4个主要水质指标COD_(Cr)、NH_(3)-N、TP、COD_(Mn),采用综合水质标识指数法对该河段水环境状况进行评价。结果表明:孝义河各断面的综合水质类别均达到或优于功能区的目标要求。但对单项污染指标进行评价时发现,下游思乡桥断面主要存在的污染指标因子为COD_(Mn)和COD_(Cr)。从评价结果来看,综合水质标识指数法能更准确直观地反映孝义河不同区域、不同时段的水质特征及差异。研究结果可为该流域水污染防治提供理论依据,为保定市农村区域生态环境保护工作提供数据支持。

Integrated Assessment of Mineral Resources and Environmentin Mid-South of Shandong Province

On the bases of the field survey and a large number of testing data, we process the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the mine environment in the mid south of Shandong Province using the following grade Ⅰ factors:the surface subsidence in mining area, the three wastes of mine industries, the pollution sources, the surface water pollution, the underground water pollution and the air pollution. By means of emitting factor judgment and water quality indexes, we locate pollution sources, main pollutants, pollution type and pollution grade in the study area. Using the MAPGIS, we draw a zonality map of the mine environment. This paper attempts to offer a concrete example, including valuable assessment method, data and conclusion, for the assessment of mine environment from the integrated assessment of mineral resources and mine environment. This research is oriented towards the sustainable development and the ecological environment optimization.

定边县山前平原地下水水化学特征分析及水质评价

为掌握定边县山前平原地下水水化学特征和水质情况,针对采集的93个地下水水样,使用WQI水质指数法、人类健康风险评价模型、离子比值法、Piper三线图和Gibbs图等对地下水水质、水化学特征以及硝酸盐引起的人类健康风险进行评估。结果表明:研究区地下水水化学成分主要受蒸发结晶、溶滤作用和阳离子交替吸附作用的影响;研究区水质整体较差,主要受地质条件和人类活动的影响,其中NO_(3)^(-)污染较为严重,水质由南向北、由山区向平原逐渐变好;地下水中的硝酸盐污染会对人体健康产生危害,儿童因硝酸盐产生的健康风险高于成年人。

洈水水库浮游生物群落结构特征及水质评价

为阐明洈水水库浮游生物的群落结构特征、了解库区水质现状,于2021年7月(夏)、11月(秋)、2022年1月(冬)和3月(春)调查了洈水水库浮游生物群落结构和水质理化指标。结果显示:浮游植物有75属129种,以绿藻门为主;浮游动物(轮虫和浮游甲壳动物)23属31种,以轮虫为主。浮游生物的优势物种主要为链形小环藻(Cyclotella catenate)、双对栅藻(Scenedesmus biguga)、湖泊伪鱼腥藻(Pseudoanabaena limnetica)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、无节幼体等。浮游植物和浮游动物密度及其生物量年均值分别为1.656×10^(7)、1.75×10^(2)ind./L和6.32、1.92 mg/L。在空间分布上,浮游生物的丰度和生物量由上游河道型库区至下游敞水区大致呈逐渐降低的特点。典范对应分析(CCA)结果显示:PO_(4)^(3-)-P、WT、pH值和DO均对洈水水库中浮游生物群落的生态分布有重要影响,且NO_(3)^(-)-N和Cond仅对浮游植物影响较大。根据物种多样性评价,洈水水库浮游生物群落结构较稳定,库区水质处于中营养水平。

冀东平原区地热水质量及环境健康风险评价

为了研究冀东平原区地热水水质状况及水中化学物质对人体健康产生的危害程度,根据11件地热水化学样品分析数据,分别对冀东平原区地热水质量及环境健康风险进行评价。结果表明:冀东平原区地热水综合质量总体较差;地热水污染物质通过饮用水途径对人体产生的总健康风险在5.77×10^(-9)~1.50×10^(-6)a^(-1)之间,平均为3.47×10^(-7)a^(-1),整体来看,总健康风险等级为极小,但也有部分区域为较低等级;致癌健康风险等级大部分区域为极小,少部分区域为较低等级,非致癌物质所致的健康风险极小。

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滨海湿地生态修复是提高滨海湿地生态系统功能与可持续利用、维护国家生态安全的重要途径,已上升为国家战略。以江苏省盐城滨海湿地生态修复工程为例,基于湿地修复区和引水补湿区两个区域,采用单因子水质标识指数法和模糊综合评价法,评价2016—2021年间生态修复区内的水环境质量,并开展了生态修复的成效评估。结果表明,研究区水环境的主要污染物为氮和有机物,水质处于Ⅱ级~Ⅴ级之间,在生态修复过程中其水质呈优化趋势,生态修复成效明显。

某违法排污点的环境污染损害评估研究

生态环境损害鉴定评估工作是生态文明体制改革的重要组成部分,但目前我国生态环境损害鉴定评估工作尚处于起步阶段,部分领域参考案例较少,本文以某制毒窝点违法排污为例,分析污染物类型,围绕该事件对土壤和地下水环境造成的污染进行了损害鉴定评估,为今后类似事件的生态环境损害鉴定评估工作提供参考案例。

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环境工程中的水质监测主要目的是通过实时、高效地监测水质,从而对未来的水质发展趋势作出预测,以及对水资源污染事件作出迅速反应。本文结合山西某高新技术产业园区的环境建设项目,根据园区的总体规划,以及区域的生态污染防治与环境管理要求,对园区环境工程的水质情况进行了监测与评价,并根据监测结果,提出了相应的优化调控措施,为该区的综合规划和环境工程建设提供了科学的参考。