Improving millimeter-wave imaging quality using the vortex phase method

This paper investigates a new vortex wave imaging approach to improve the imaging quality of small metal targets of size less than 1.5 mm.Antennas with different spiral phase plates are designed to efficiently transmit vortex beams with orbital angular momentums(OAMs).By analyzing the OAM spectrum of the target,it was discovered that the predominant reflection contains a particular OAM mode that carries abundant azimuthal information.This can be explained by the OAM selectivity of the target and the guidance of the vortex transmitting beam.A simple reflection vortex imaging system was designed to capture the phase information.Measurement results show that the high image contrast reaches 14.9%,which is twice as high as that of the imaging without OAM.Both of simulations and experiments demonstrate that the vortex phase imaging approach proposed in this paper can effectively improve the imaging quality at 80 GHz.This approach is suitable for other millimeter wave imaging systems and is helpful to improve the resolution in anti-terrorism security checks.

Phase spectrum estimation of the seismic wavelet based on a criterion function

Phase spectrum estimation of the seismic wavelet is an important issue in high-resolution seismic data processing and interpretation. On the basis of two patterns of constant-phase rotation and root transform for wavelet phase spectrum variation, we introduce six sparse criteria, including Lu’s improved kurtosis criterion, the parsimony criterion, exponential transform criterion, Sech criterion, Cauchy criterion, and the modified Cauchy criterion, to phase spectrum estimation of the seismic wavelet, obtaining an equivalent effect to the kurtosis criterion. Through numerical experiments, we find that when the reflectivity is not a sparse sequence, the estimated phase spectrum of the seismic wavelet based on the criterion function will deviate from the true value. In order to eliminate the influence of non-sparse reflectivity series in a single trace, we apply the method to the multi-trace seismogram, improving the accuracy of seismic wavelet phase spectrum estimation.

The relation between the response spectrum and the phase diference spectrum

The relation between the phase difference spectrum and the response spectrum is studied in this paper. It is found that the phase difference spectrum influences the response spectrum through affecting the response motion′s envelope function shape of a single degree of freedom system. Decreasing the variance of phase difference spectrum causes the increasing of response spectrum when its mean value curve keeps the same, otherwise the situation is opposite. As the increase of the tangent of the mean value curve, the response spectrum decreases, otherwise it increases. The damping plays an important role while the phase difference spectrum influences the response spectrum. The effect of the phase difference spectrum on the absolute acceleration response spectrum becomes more and more obvious with the increase of the damping. On the other hand, the increase of damping weakens the effect of the phase difference spectrum on the amplification factor spectrum.

Angular spectrum characters of high gain non-critical phase match optical parametric oscillators

The angular spectrum gain characters and the power magnification characters of high gain non-walk-off colinear optical parametric oscillators have been studied using the non-colinear phase match method for the first time. The experimental results of the KTiOAs04 and the KTiOP04 crystals are discussed in detail. At the high energy single resonant condition, low reflective ratio of the output mirror for the signal and long non-linear crystal are beneficial for small divergence angles. This method can also be used for other high gain non-walk-off phase match optical parametric orocesses.

Line spectrum detection algorithm based on the phase feature of target radiated noise

In order to improve the performance of line spectrum detection,according to the feature that the underwater target radiated noise containing stable line spectrum,the differences of the phase difference between line spectrum and background noise,a weighted line spectrum detection algorithm based on the phase variance is proposed in frequency domain.After phase difference alignment,the phase variance of line spectrum and the phase of background noise,respectively,are small and big in frequency domain,this method utilizes the weighted statistical algorithm to cumulate the frequency spectrum based on the phase variance,which can restrain the background noise disturbance,and enhance the signal to noise ratio（SNR）.The theory analysis and experimental results both verify that the proposed method can well enhance the energy of line spectrum,restrain the energy of background noise,and have better detection performance under lower SNR.

CHGS method for numerical forecasting of typhoon waves-Ⅰ. Spectrum of waves in growing phase

Owing to the fact that the wind speed and direction of typhoon vary rapidly with time and space in typhoon fetch; the nearer to the typhoon eye the greater the wind velocity, and the shorter the wind fetch the smaller the wind time,as a result,the more difficult for the wind wave to fully grow. Hence.in typhoon wave numerical calculation it is impossible to use the model for a fully grown wave spectrum. Lately, the author et at. presented a CHGS method for numerical forecasting of typhoon waves, where a model for the growing wave spectrum was set up (see Eq. (2) in the text). The model involves a parameter indicating the growing degree of wind wave, i. e. ,the mean wave age β. When βvalue is small, the wave energy is chiefly concentrated near the peak frequency, so that the spectral peak gets high and steep; with the increase of β the spectral shape gradually gets lower and gentler; when β=Ⅰ, the wave fully grows, the growing spectrum becomes a fully grown P-M spectrum. The model also shows a spectral “overshooting” phenomenon within the “balance zone”.

Time Synchronous Averaging Based on Cross-power Spectrum

Periodic components are of great significance for fault diagnosis and health monitoring of rotating machinery.Time synchronous averaging is an effective and convenient technique for extracting those components.However,the performance of time synchronous averaging is seriously limited when the separate segments are poorly synchronized.This paper proposes a new averaging method capable of extracting periodic components without external reference and an accurate period to solve this problem.With this approach,phase detection and compensation eliminate all segments'phase differences,which enables the segments to be well synchronized.The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by numerical and experimental signals.

不同产地蓝铜矿矿物学及谱学特征研究

蓝铜矿是含铜的碳酸盐矿物,它产于铜矿床的氧化带,是一种次生矿物,因此蓝铜矿的出现可作为寻找原生铜矿床的标志。国内学者对蓝铜矿的谱学研究比较少,且对世界不同著名产地蓝铜矿矿物学与谱学特征对比是空白区。通过扫描电镜能谱分析仪、粉晶X射线衍射仪、同步热分析仪、红外光谱仪等仪器对2块中国产地蓝铜矿矿物样品(安徽六峰山、广东阳春)与2块外国产地蓝铜矿矿物样品(老挝、澳大利亚)的成分、结构及谱学特征进行了分析与探讨。能谱元素分析结果显示4块矿物样品的主要元素为C、O、Cu三种元素。X衍射结果表明除产于安徽六峰山矿物外,其他3种产地矿物X衍射物相分析结果均为蓝铜矿Cu_(3)(OH)_(2)(CO_(3))_(2)。产于安徽六峰山矿物除了主物相蓝铜矿的衍射峰外,在其他位置也检测出衍射峰,表明产于安徽六峰山的矿物含有第二物相孔雀石CuCO_(3)·Cu(OH)_(2)。从同步热分析仪热重曲线可以看出主要有两个失重台阶,300℃之前的失重可能是蓝铜矿中含有小部分的孔雀石的分解失重,而300~600℃的失重对应的是蓝铜矿的分解失重。从红外光谱上看主要的红外峰为蓝铜矿的特征峰,四个不同产地的红外光谱比较相似。结合蓝铜矿的外观特征,可为不同产地蓝铜矿的产地鉴定和检测提供依据。

星间链路通信收发一体化系统设计

随着卫星制造发射成本的降低以及全球通信需求的增加,低轨星间链路技术成为研究热点;星间链路可将多颗卫星互联,建立具有导航和通信功能的自主运行系统,可靠的通信技术是当前的研究重点;为了适应外太空具有较大多普勒频移的高动态环境,设计了星间链路通信收发一体化系统;发射端采用UQPSK直接序列扩频技术,双通道架构可同时完成不同速率的导航与通信数据的发射,再运用LDPC编码技术提升数据发射速率与稳定性;接收端采用改进的PMF-FFT分段捕获算法与归一化最小和LDPC译码算法,以快速准确捕获星间信息;在FPGA硬件平台经过多次测试,该系统均可在高动态环境下,正确快速捕获到多普勒频移高达±341 kHz的信号,捕获算法时间均可保持在200 ms以内,符合实际应用中的性能需求。

多分量LFM干扰及动态环境下DBOC信号的捕获

针对双二进制偏移载波(double binary offset carrier,DBOC)信号在多分量线性调频(linear frequency modulation,LFM)干扰和动态环境下捕获算法缺乏的问题,提出布莱克曼窗预处理结合分数阶傅里叶变换(fractionalFouriertransform,FRFT)的干扰抑制算法以及离散多项式相位变换(discretepolynomial-phase transform,DPT)、部分匹配滤波器(partial matching filter,PMF)结合快速傅里叶变换(fast Fourier transform,FFT)加频谱校正的捕获算法。该算法首先对接收信号做布莱克曼窗预处理,抑制干扰谱线输出旁瓣,提高干扰汇聚的精确性;然后利用分级算法快速搜索信号的最优阶数,在保证精度量级的条件下减少了运算量;最后,在对应的最优阶数下做FRFT,结合干扰判断和轮询算法,逐个完成多分量LFM干扰的抑制。对干扰抑制后的信号首先利用定阶算法确定其动态阶数;然后通过DPT对动态信号做降阶处理,去除动态项;最后利用PMF-FFT加频谱校正完成DBOC信号的捕获。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够准确并完全地对三个LFM干扰分量进行逐个抑制,且抑制后的干扰分量不会对其他干扰分量的抑制造成影响。在检测概率达到1时,经过布莱克曼窗预处理后算法的信噪比比经过汉明窗预处理和经过凯塞窗预处理后算法的信噪比分别提升了4 dB和6.4 dB,比未经过预处理算法的信噪比提升了7.2 dB。此外,使用频谱校正可以突出捕获峰值,提高捕获精度。与未经频谱校正算法相比,经过频谱校正后算法的信噪比提升了1.6 dB,且能减少一定的捕获时间。

带残余频偏的软扩频信号伪码序列盲估计

针对带残余频偏的软扩频信号伪码序列盲估计难的问题,提出一种奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)结合全数字锁相环(digital phase locked loop,DPLL)的方法。所提方法首先对待处理信号通过不重叠分段生成数据矩阵,每段信号长度为一倍伪码周期;然后利用其自相关矩阵的右上角元素估计失步点进行同步,并且在重新计算自相关矩阵后根据较大特征值个数估计进制数;最后通过多次快速SVD算法结合DPLL最终实现伪码序列的盲估计。仿真结果显示,所提方法在低信噪比条件下可以有效估计出带残余频偏的软扩频信号的伪码序列,并且性能优于其他对比方法。

Analysis and optimization of power spectrum on EBPSK modulation in throughput-efficient wireless system

In order to satisfy increasingly greater demand for the performance of communication systems, a throughput efficient wireless system based on the extended binary phase shift keying （EBPSK） modulation is presented. Simultaneously, corresponding analysis of power spectra is also given with a brief process. The optimal waveform is proposed without useful information loss, by removing linear spectra presenting periodic components. On this basis, the reasonable definition of bandwidth is discussed, which indicates that the EBPSK belongs to the category of the ultra narrow band （UNB） throughput-efficient communication. Meanwhile, the modulation parameters＇ effects on bandwidth, transmission rate and transmission performance are analyzed. Results illustrate the validity of theoretical analysis and spectrum optimization. Results also prove that this UNB system can obtain good bit error rate （BER） performance with high spectra efficiency.

基于空间谱估计的无人机协同目标方位感知算法

无人机协同目标感知技术是有人机无人机混合运行的重要安全保障.针对复杂空域环境下的感知可靠性问题,分析大中型无人机的复杂融合空域运行场景,并确定无人机协同目标感知的精准性、高实时性、抗干扰性和低载荷性等需求,提出一种四单元阵列天线和数字化射频体制的无人机协同目标感知系统架构;同时,结合空管雷达信号特性和天线体制,设计方位感知算法,通过修正协方差矩阵、信号子空间加权和噪声子空间加权等方法,设计基于多信号分类(multiple signal classification,MUSIC)的空间谱估计算法,并提出基于子空间分解的幅相误差在线估计算法;最后,开展算法仿真试验和实际空域环境飞行试验.研究结果表明:相比传统MUSIC算法,优化算法的方位感知高分辨性能提升23.3%,并改善了无人机协同目标方位感知的高实时性、抗干扰性和低载荷性.

基于第一性原理和热力学计算的TiAl-Nb金属间化合物稳定性和相关系研究

采用基于广义梯度近似密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算和相图计算方法,研究了TiAl-Nb合金中γ、α_(2)、O_(2)和ωo相的热力学和力学性质以及相转变关系.研究表明,第一性原理计算得到的化合物相的参数是准确的,且分析结果与相图计算结果相一致.四个化合物相都是能够稳定存在的相.通过热力学和力学性质的分析,发现α_(2)相更容易转变为O_(2)相,并且在一定条件下可以通过相变反应生成ωo相.而γ相更容易转变为ωo相,但无法生成O_(2)相.

激光回馈双通道位移测量创新实验平台设计

针对激光回馈技术中多目标同步检测以提高测量效率的问题,提出了一种基于线性调频的测量通道拓展方法。在线性电流注入下,激光器输出的光频率近似线性变化;2个被测物体到激光器距离不同时,回馈信号的频谱中出现分别对应2个物体的独立谱峰,通过全相位频谱分析方法在2个谱峰处进行相位解算可以重构2个物体的运动曲线。基于Python语言构建的仿真模型和相应的双通道位移测量实验系统均证实了该方法的有效性,2个通道的位移测量相对误差小于5%。

数字全息显微信号项频谱定位及干扰项抑制

在离轴数字全息显微和非相干光成像研究中,空间频域滤波是重建目标物体的振幅和相位信息的关键步骤。信号项频谱选取及中心定位对滤波后重建相位的质量有着极大影响,即使像素级的微小差异也会导致重建相位的严重失真。为了解决这个问题,文章提出了一种数字全息显微信号项频谱定位及干扰项抑制的方法。方法根据全息图频谱的直方图分布特性,自适应确定滤波形状和大小,同时,采用质心法来快速准确的确定信号项频谱的中心,并在频域中运用形态学处理来消除信号项频谱周围的干扰项。实现了信号项频谱自适应滤波,从而提高了相位重建的质量。文章使用二维山形图模拟相位进行了仿真验证,并搭建光路拍摄USAF1951标定板上的数字区域和洋葱表皮细胞进行了实验验证。仿真和实验结果表明,算法可以实现高质量的相位重建,并对干扰项进行抑制,提高了离轴数字全息显微系统的成像质量。

锂离子电池阻抗在线测量装置设计

锂离子电池的交流阻抗能够反映电池内部信息,是电池状态在线监测的有力工具。阻抗在线测量装置的设计是实现基于阻抗的电池状态在线估计及故障预警技术的关键。本文基于嵌入式微控制器设计了锂离子电池交流阻抗在线测量装置,采用全相位快速傅里叶变换算法将时域数据转换到频域,并对转换结果进行插值运算,实现了0.01 Hz~10 kHz频率范围内交流阻抗的在线测量,有效解决了当前阻抗在线测量装置基于传统快速傅里叶变换算法所产生的频谱泄露、栅栏效应以及相位计算不准确的问题。通过对不同容量、不同正极材料的电池进行静态和动态阻抗测量,验证了装置的可靠性与快速性,并且放电末期动态阻抗急剧变化特征对电池的状态具有一定的指示能力。本文设计可方便集成于电池管理系统中,在锂离子电池状态在线估计及故障预警等方面具有一定的应用价值。

物相定性分析的综合实验设计与实践

物相定性分析主要用来判定物质组成及其存在状态,是材料、化工和地质等学科专业学生必须掌握的综合性实验技能。为培养学生对材料的物相分析测试能力,设计了未知粉末物相定性分析的综合实验。以氧钼矿、黑铜矿、斜锆石和六方软锰矿的混合粉末作为盲样,依据X射线衍射和能谱元素结果,通过实验数据和综合解析推导,撰写实验分析报告,全面提高学生的仪器操作和数据分析能力。

基于改进NMF与相位补偿的胎心音降噪算法

在孕妇体表,通过声音传感器对胎儿心音信号进行采集,结果通常包含多种噪声,常用的滤波方法无法取得满意的降噪效果。为了能够更好地滤除与胎儿心音信号同频的噪声信号,提出改进的非负矩阵分解算法(NMF),对短时幅度谱利用奇异值分解得到用于NMF的特征数和初始化矩阵,对NMF增加L2,1稀疏限制,使分解得到的胎心音特征呈现更多细节;对短时相位谱采用了增加稀疏限制的相位补偿算法(PSC)。实验结果表明:与常用降噪方法相比,该方法的信噪比至少提升0.52 dB,能更好保留胎儿心音信号特征。

无干涉测量与相位迭代算法的单像素相位成像

单像素成像为突破经典成像中像素数量的限制提供了方法,但要实现良好稳定性和准确性的相位成像仍然是一个挑战。基于现有的单像素成像框架,提出了一种无需干涉测量与相位迭代算法的单像素相位成像方法。通过傅里叶频谱零级强度测量发现,该方法实现了相位成像。实验结果表明,相位成像的重复精度为0.12%,误差为4.1%,证明了该方法具有良好的稳定性和准确性,对单像素成像的进一步发展和经典相位成像的突破创新均具有一定的借鉴意义。