This study investigated the application and the effect of Group Investigation(GI) in the College English Program in a Chinese University. A qualitative case study method was used to understand the GI system used by Ch...This study investigated the application and the effect of Group Investigation(GI) in the College English Program in a Chinese University. A qualitative case study method was used to understand the GI system used by Chinese instructors as well as the achievements acquired and challenges met by the participants. Three instructors and fifteen second-year-undergraduates taking a course titled Sources of European Culture participated. Interviews, observations, and documents were used to collect the data. Data analysis showed Chinese instructors applied a GI technique similar to that discussed by Johnson and Johnson(1999); however, GI in the Chinese context demanded more effort from the teacher for designing tasks and provided help in modeling uses of English and in preparing visual, especially Power Point, presentations. Although participants used their mother tongue at some stages, their autonomy over English learning was activated, and horizons in the course content were broadened.展开更多
A method of minimizing rankings inconsistency is proposed for a decision-making problem with rankings of alternatives given by multiple decision makers according to multiple criteria. For each criteria, at first, the ...A method of minimizing rankings inconsistency is proposed for a decision-making problem with rankings of alternatives given by multiple decision makers according to multiple criteria. For each criteria, at first, the total inconsistency between the rankings of all alternatives for the group and the ones for every decision maker is defined after the decision maker weights in respect to the criteria are considered. Similarly, the total inconsistency between their final rankings for the group and the ones under every criteria is determined after the criteria weights are taken into account. Then two nonlinear integer programming models minimizing respectively the two total inconsistencies above are developed and then transformed to two dynamic programming models to obtain separately the rankings of all alternatives for the group with respect to each criteria and their final rankings. A supplier selection case illustrated the proposed method, and some discussions on the results verified its effectiveness. This work develops a new measurement of ordinal preferences’ inconsistency in multi-criteria group decision-making （MCGDM） and extends the cook-seiford social selection function to MCGDM considering weights of criteria and decision makers and can obtain unique ranking result.展开更多
A new prioritization method in the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）, which improves the group fuzzy preference programming （GFPP） method, is proposed. The fuzzy random theory is applied in the new prioritization m...A new prioritization method in the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）, which improves the group fuzzy preference programming （GFPP） method, is proposed. The fuzzy random theory is applied in the new prioritization method. By modifying the principle of decision making implied in the GFPP method, the improved group fuzzy preference programming （IGFPP） method is formulated as a fuzzy linear programming problem to maximize the average degree of the group satisfaction with all possible group priority vectors. The IGFPP method inherits the advantages of the GFPP method, and solves the weighting trouble existed in the GFPP method. Numerical tests indicate that the IGFPP method performs more effectively than the GFPP method in the case of very contradictive comparison judgments from decision makers.展开更多
By using electric computer machine, via computation method, we obtained some important properties of alternating group A \{6\} as below: 1) A \{6 \} has 501 subgroups in total, and for each subgroup we give ...By using electric computer machine, via computation method, we obtained some important properties of alternating group A \{6\} as below: 1) A \{6 \} has 501 subgroups in total, and for each subgroup we give its generators; 2) the index of A \{6\}'s subgroup can only be 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,12,18,24,36,60,360; 3) all subgroups of A \{6\} are separated into 22 conjugate classes, and the subgroups contained in each class are listed.展开更多
目的:探讨高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box 1,HMGB1)及程序性细胞死亡配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)在浸润性乳腺癌非特殊型中的表达情况及其与预后的关系。方法:收集257例女性浸润性乳腺癌非特殊型患者的病...目的:探讨高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box 1,HMGB1)及程序性细胞死亡配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)在浸润性乳腺癌非特殊型中的表达情况及其与预后的关系。方法:收集257例女性浸润性乳腺癌非特殊型患者的病理及临床资料,采用免疫组织化学法检测浸润性乳腺癌非特殊型及同一患者正常乳腺组织HMGB1和PD-L1的表达情况,分析二者与临床病理参数的关系,并评价其预后价值。结果:HMGB1高表达与肿瘤体积大小、组织学分级、腋窝淋巴结转移、TNM分期以及雌激素受体有关(P<0.05)。PD-L1阳性表达与组织学分级、腋窝淋巴结转移、TNM分期、雌激素受体、孕激素受体、HER2以及分子分型有关(P<0.05)。在预后方面,HMGB1高表达和PD-L1阳性显著影响浸润性乳腺癌非特殊型患者的5年无复发生存率(P<0.05)。结论:HMGB1高表达和PD-L1阳性与浸润性乳腺癌非特殊型患者多项预后不良因素密切相关。HMGB1高表达和PD-L1阳性对浸润性乳腺癌非特殊型患者的术后复发预测具有一定的参考价值。展开更多
基金supported by the 2013 Fundamental Re-search Funds for the Central Universities of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityThe Subject of Shaanxi Province Educational Science Twelveth-Five-Year Plan
文摘This study investigated the application and the effect of Group Investigation(GI) in the College English Program in a Chinese University. A qualitative case study method was used to understand the GI system used by Chinese instructors as well as the achievements acquired and challenges met by the participants. Three instructors and fifteen second-year-undergraduates taking a course titled Sources of European Culture participated. Interviews, observations, and documents were used to collect the data. Data analysis showed Chinese instructors applied a GI technique similar to that discussed by Johnson and Johnson(1999); however, GI in the Chinese context demanded more effort from the teacher for designing tasks and provided help in modeling uses of English and in preparing visual, especially Power Point, presentations. Although participants used their mother tongue at some stages, their autonomy over English learning was activated, and horizons in the course content were broadened.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60904059 60975049)+1 种基金the Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2010YBA104)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)(2009AA04Z107)
文摘A method of minimizing rankings inconsistency is proposed for a decision-making problem with rankings of alternatives given by multiple decision makers according to multiple criteria. For each criteria, at first, the total inconsistency between the rankings of all alternatives for the group and the ones for every decision maker is defined after the decision maker weights in respect to the criteria are considered. Similarly, the total inconsistency between their final rankings for the group and the ones under every criteria is determined after the criteria weights are taken into account. Then two nonlinear integer programming models minimizing respectively the two total inconsistencies above are developed and then transformed to two dynamic programming models to obtain separately the rankings of all alternatives for the group with respect to each criteria and their final rankings. A supplier selection case illustrated the proposed method, and some discussions on the results verified its effectiveness. This work develops a new measurement of ordinal preferences’ inconsistency in multi-criteria group decision-making （MCGDM） and extends the cook-seiford social selection function to MCGDM considering weights of criteria and decision makers and can obtain unique ranking result.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70471063)
文摘A new prioritization method in the analytic hierarchy process （AHP）, which improves the group fuzzy preference programming （GFPP） method, is proposed. The fuzzy random theory is applied in the new prioritization method. By modifying the principle of decision making implied in the GFPP method, the improved group fuzzy preference programming （IGFPP） method is formulated as a fuzzy linear programming problem to maximize the average degree of the group satisfaction with all possible group priority vectors. The IGFPP method inherits the advantages of the GFPP method, and solves the weighting trouble existed in the GFPP method. Numerical tests indicate that the IGFPP method performs more effectively than the GFPP method in the case of very contradictive comparison judgments from decision makers.
文摘By using electric computer machine, via computation method, we obtained some important properties of alternating group A \{6\} as below: 1) A \{6 \} has 501 subgroups in total, and for each subgroup we give its generators; 2) the index of A \{6\}'s subgroup can only be 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,12,18,24,36,60,360; 3) all subgroups of A \{6\} are separated into 22 conjugate classes, and the subgroups contained in each class are listed.
文摘目的:探讨高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box 1,HMGB1)及程序性细胞死亡配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)在浸润性乳腺癌非特殊型中的表达情况及其与预后的关系。方法:收集257例女性浸润性乳腺癌非特殊型患者的病理及临床资料,采用免疫组织化学法检测浸润性乳腺癌非特殊型及同一患者正常乳腺组织HMGB1和PD-L1的表达情况,分析二者与临床病理参数的关系,并评价其预后价值。结果:HMGB1高表达与肿瘤体积大小、组织学分级、腋窝淋巴结转移、TNM分期以及雌激素受体有关(P<0.05)。PD-L1阳性表达与组织学分级、腋窝淋巴结转移、TNM分期、雌激素受体、孕激素受体、HER2以及分子分型有关(P<0.05)。在预后方面,HMGB1高表达和PD-L1阳性显著影响浸润性乳腺癌非特殊型患者的5年无复发生存率(P<0.05)。结论:HMGB1高表达和PD-L1阳性与浸润性乳腺癌非特殊型患者多项预后不良因素密切相关。HMGB1高表达和PD-L1阳性对浸润性乳腺癌非特殊型患者的术后复发预测具有一定的参考价值。
