Analysis of the Role of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Self-Care in Thyroid Cancer Patients

Objective:To explore the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on self-care in thyroid cancer patients.Methods:A total of 144 thyroid cancer patients treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2022 to August 2023 were selected as research subjects.Using the random number table method,they were divided into a control group and an experimental group,each consisting of 72 cases.The control group received routine nursing intervention,while the experimental group received cognitive behavioral therapy based on standard nursing practices.The self-care ability(self-concept,self-efficacy,self-care skills,health knowledge level),coping style(confrontation,avoidance,and surrender),and quality of life(psychological function,social function,material life,physical function)of both groups before and after the intervention were compared.Results:In comparison to the pre-intervention period,the experimental group exhibited significantly higher self-care ability,quality of life,and confrontation scores after the intervention,as opposed to the control group.Additionally,the avoidance and surrender scores were lower in the experimental group than in the control group,with these differences proving to be statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion:The application of cognitive behavioral therapy can enhance the self-care ability of thyroid cancer patients,aid in better disease coping,and improve their overall quality of life.This approach is deserving of further promotion.

Research status of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy in cancer patients

The latest global cancer burden data released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization in 2020 shows that there were 19.29 million new cancer cases worldwide,with 4.57 million in China,ranking first.The number of cancer survivors is increasing,with a 5-year survival rate exceeding 85%,but there are emotional disorders.Cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)can improve negative emotions and has significant effects on patients.However,there is a limited number of physicians and high costs,so internet interventions have become a solution.The feasibility of web-based interventions for breast cancer patients has been proven.Research on internet-delivered CBT is also increasing.The purpose of this study was to review the concept of web-based CBT and its application status in cancer survivors,in order to provide relevant intervention for scholars and provide reference and supplement for patients to provide psychological therapy.

Randomized control trial of a culturally adapted behavioral activation therapy for Muslim patients with depression in Pakistan

BACKGROUND Behavioral activation therapy(BA)is as effective as cognitive behavior therapy(CBT)in treating depression and can be delivered by practitioners with much less psychological training,making it particularly suitable for low resource settings.BA that is culturally adapted for Muslims(BA-M)is a culturally adapted form of BA that has been found acceptable and feasible for Muslims with depression in the United Kingdom and Turkey;however,this is the first time that its efficacy has been determined through a definitive randomized controlled trial.AIM To compare the effectiveness of BA-M with CBT for Muslim patients with depression in Pakistan.METHODS One hundred and eight patients were randomized 1:1 to treatment arms in a parallel-group randomized controlled trial in hospital or community sites in Lahore,Pakistan.Recruitment followed self-referral or referrals from clinicians,consultants or relevant professionals at each site.Four measures were recorded by blinded assessors:The patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9);the BA for depression scale short form(BADS-SF);symptom checklist-revised and the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Brief Scale.All measures were recorded at baseline and post treatment;PHQ-9 and BADS-SF were also recorded at each session and at three month follow up.The primary analysis was to regress the PHQ-9 score after therapy upon the PHQ-9 score before therapy(baseline)and the type of therapy given,that is,analysis of covariance.In addition,analysis using PHQ-9 scores collected at each therapy session was employed in a 2-level regression model.RESULTS Patients in the BA-M arm experienced greater improvement in PHQ-9 score of 1.95 units compared to the CBT arm after adjusting for baseline values(P=0.006)The key reason behind this improvement was that patients were retained in therapy longer under BA-M,in which patients were retained for an average 0.75 sessions more than CBT patients(P=0.013).Patients also showed significant differences on physical(P<0.001),psychological(P=0.004)and social(P=0.047)domains of Quality of Life(QoL)at post treatment level,indicating an increased QoL in the BA-M group as compared to the treatment as usual group.Some baseline differences were noted in both groups for BA scores and two domains of QoL scale:Physical and environment,which might have influenced the results,though the BA-M group showed more improvement at completion of therapy.CONCLUSION Results proved the efficacy of BA-M in reducing symptoms for depressed patients in Pakistan,indicating BA-M is a promising treatment modality for depression in future,particularly in low resource settings.

Effect of cognitive behavioral group therapy on rehabilitation of community patients with schizophrenia:A short-term randomized control trial

BACKGROUND The efficacy of cognitive behavioral group therapy(CBGT)for cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms of schizophrenia is established,but more evidence is required.AIM To assess the effectiveness of CBGT combined with mental health education as a treatment for schizophrenia compared with mental health education alone.METHODS In all,120 schizophrenia out-patients were randomized into CBGT combined with mental health education or single mental health education.The primary outcomes were positive and negative symptoms,cognitive function,excitatory factor,anxiety and depression symptom improvements on the positive and negative syndrome scale score.Secondary outcome measures included social function and drug compliance.RESULTS There were significant differences between CBGT combined with mental health education and single mental health education on measures of positive and negative symptoms,cognitive functions,excitatory factor,anxiety and depression symptoms,and social functions.No other significant difference in outcomes was observed.CONCLUSION CBGT combined with mental health education may be relevant beneficial treatment method in reducing symptoms,cognitive and social functions of patients with schizophrenia.

P300 change and cognitive behavioral therapy in subjects with Internet addiction disorder A 3-month follow-up study

Event-related potential studies of cognitive function in addiction behaviors have focused on the P300 event-related potential component. The current study investigated the association between P300 component and Internet addiction disorder. We found that individuals with Internet addiction disorder exhibited significantly longer P300 latencies than controls （N2： P = 0.035; P3a： P = 0.031 P3b： P = 0.043） and similar P300 amplitudes compared to control participants. After 3 months of cognitive behavioral therapy, P300 latencies decreased significantly in the P3a and P3b （P3a： P = 0.045; P3b： P = 0.062）. These results suggest that deficits in cognitive function may be involved in Internet addiction disorder, and that clinical psychological treatment may be effective.

Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions on health outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease:A metaanalysis

BACKGROUND Recently,the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)-based intervention on health outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)has been recognized in randomized controlled trials(RCTs),but no comprehensive systematic review has been conducted.To address this research gap,our study aimed to evaluate whether comprehensive CBT-based interventions positively affect health outcomes in CHD patients.It was hypothesized that CBT-based interventions are effective in:(1)Reducing depression,anxiety,and stress symptoms;(2)Reducing body mass index,blood pressure,and lipid levels;and(3)Improving quality of life,and exercise endurance.AIM To verify the effectiveness of CBT-based interventions on CHD patients through a meta-analysis of previous publications.METHODS Relevant RCTs published in English were obtained by searching electronic databases,including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Scopus,and Proquest,with the retrieval time from inception to August 2020.The primary outcomes were psychological factors(depression,anxiety,and stress symptoms),physiological factors(body mass index,blood pressure,blood lipids).The secondary outcomes included quality of life and exercise endurance.We used Review Manager 5.3 to conduct the meta-analysis and used the Physiotherapy Evidence Database tool to evaluate the quality of studies.RESULTS A total of 22 RCTs comprising 4991 patients with CHD were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.The main analysis revealed that CBT-based intervention can reduce depression symptoms:-2.00[95%confidence interval(CI):-2.83 to-1.16,P<0.001];anxiety symptoms:-2.07(95%CI:-3.39 to-0.75,P=0.002);stress symptoms:-3.33(95%CI:-4.23 to-2.44,P<0.001);body mass index:-0.47(95%CI:-0.81 to-0.13,P=0.006);and improve physical functioning:3.36(95%CI:1.63 to 5.10,P=0.000)and mental functioning:6.91(95%CI:4.10 to 9.73,P<0.001).Moreover,subgroup analysis results showed that CBT-based interventions were more effective for symptoms of depression and anxiety in CHD patients when individual,as opposed to group treatment,and psycho-education,behavioral and cognitive strategies were applied as the core treatment approaches.CONCLUSION CBT-based interventions are effective treatment strategies for CHD patients,significantly improving their symptoms of depression,anxiety and stress,body mass index,and health-related quality of life.

Nurse-led group cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder among adults in Japan: A preliminary single-group study

Objectives:The prevalence and burden of disease of depression necessitates effective and accessible treatment options worldwide.Since April 2016,Japanese national health insurance has covered nurseadministered cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)for mood disorders.However,empirical support for nurse-led CBT for depression in Asian countries,especially in Japan,is still lacking.This preliminary study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of nurse-led group CBT for Japanese patients with depression.Methods:In this single-arm study,we evaluated the effects of a 6-week group CBT,led by trained nurses,on patients with major depression.The primary outcome was the Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ(BDI-Ⅱ).Assessments were conducted at the beginning and end of the intervention.Results:Of 25 participants screened,23 were eligible for the study(of these,three dropped out during the trial but were included in the analysis).Nurse-led group CBT led to significant improvements in the severity of depression(BDI-Ⅱ,P<0.001).The mean total BDI-Ⅱscore improved from 23.1(SD=7.56)to 12.4(SD=8.57),and the pre-to post-effect size was large(Cohen's d=1.33).After CBT,45%of the participants were judged to be treatment responders,and 34%met the remission criteria.Conclusions:Our preliminary findings indicate that 6 weeks of nurse-led group CBT produced a favorable treatment outcome for individuals with major depression in a Japanese clinical setting.The results of this study might encourage more Asian nurses to provide CBT as a part of their nursing practice.Further controlled trials that address the limitations of this study are required.

Effect of cognitive behavior therapy training and psychological nursing on the midwifery process in the delivery room

BACKGROUND The severe physical and psychological impact of pain on the physical and mental health of women during labor leads to increased risks and complications during childbirth,presenting a major public health concern.Some studies have shown that cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)has a positive effect on maternal psychology during delivery,reducing stress and shortening labor time.Thus,CBT training for mothers and delivery room staff may be beneficial in minimizing complications and adverse effects during natural birth.AIM To investigate the clinical effects of CBT training and psychological care during delivery,and their therapeutic effects on women in labor.METHODS This study used a retrospective analysis and included 140 mothers admitted to the maternity ward between January 2021 and January 2023.The study subjects were randomized into two groups:control(n=70)and observation(n=70).Routine care,CBT training,and psychological care were provided to mothers in both groups.Psychological status scores,delivery time,and satisfaction with care pre-and post-delivery were compared,and the incidence of complications after receiving care was analyzed between the two groups.RESULTS Although the psychological state of both groups improved significantly in the late stages of labor,the psychological state scores of the mothers in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the mothers in the control group(P<0.05).The duration of labor and incidence of complications in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The mothers in the observation group were significantly more satisfied with nursing care during the course of labor than those in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION CBT training and psychological care for mothers in the midwifery process can effectively improve anxiety and depression,shorten labor duration,reduce postnatal complications,and improve nursing satisfaction and nurse-patient relationships.Its clinical application is effective and has popularization value,providing a new way to protect maternal mental health.

Evaluation of a culturally adapted cognitive behavior therapy-based,third-wave therapy manual

BACKGROUND Recommendations for psychotherapy have evolved over the years,with cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)taking precedence since its inception within clinical guidelines in the United Kingdom and United States.The use of CBT for severe mental illness is now more common globally.AIM To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally adapted,CBT-based,third-wave therapy manual using the Comprehend,Cope,and Connect approach with individuals from a diverse population presenting to primary and secondary healthcare services.METHODS A pilot study was used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the manualised intervention.Outcome measures were evaluated at baseline,post-intervention and 12 wk-follow up.32 participants with mental health conditions aged 20-53 years were recruited.Assessments were completed at three time points,using Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation(CORE),Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),Bradford Somatic Inventory and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0(WHODAS).The Patient Experience Questionnaire was completed post-treatment.RESULTS Repeated measures of analysis of variance associated with HADS depression,F(2,36)=12.81,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.42 and HADS anxiety scores,F(2,26)=9.93,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.36;CORE total score and WHODAS both showed significant effect F(1.25,18.72)=14.98,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.5.and F(1.29,14.18)=6.73,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.38 respectively.CONCLUSION These results indicate the effectiveness and acceptability of the culturally adapted,CBT-based,third-wave therapy manual intervention among minoritized groups with moderate effect sizes.Satisfaction levels and acceptability were highly rated.The viability and cost-effectiveness of this approach should be explored further to support universal implementation across healthcare systems.

Effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression of infertile women: A meta-analysis

Objective:To investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety and depression in infertile women.Methods:This study was performed in 2019 by searching Google Scholar,Scopus,PubMed/MEDLINE,Cochrane library,EMBASE,Proquest,ISI Web of Science,MagIran,SID and IranMedex.Eligible studies were selected by two reviewers and outcomes of interest were extracted.The meta-analysis was performed using the random effect models.Ⅰ-square statistic test was used for heterogeneity analysis.Presence of publication bias was also checked.Results:Eleven studies were included in this review.Between-group differences(cognitive behavioral therapy and control groups)in risk ratio for infertile women's depression was d=-1.36;95%CI=-1.81,-0.90;P<0.001.For infertile women's anxiety,between-group differences in risk ratio wasd=-0.83;95%CI=-1.18,-0.47;P<0.001.Conclusions:Cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in the reduction of depression and anxiety in patients with or withoutin vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment.However,the lack of high-quality studies makes it challenging to make a solid and precise conclusion.Well-designed studies should be undertaken in the future to confirm these results.

Effects of Religious vs. Conventional Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Inflammatory Markers and Stress Hormones in Major Depression and Chronic Medical Illness: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Depressive disorder is often accompanied by physiological changes that may adversely affect the course of medical illness, including an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Methods: We examine the effects of religious cognitive behavioral therapy (RCBT) vs. conventional CBT (CCBT) on pro-/anti-inflammatory indicators and stress hormones in 132 individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and chronic medical illness who were recruited into a multi-site randomized clinical trial. Biomarkers (C-reactive protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12-p70), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL1ra, IL-4, IL-10), and stress hormones (urinary cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine) were assessed at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Differential effects of baseline religiosity on treatment response were also examined, along with effects of religiosity on changes in biomarkers over time independent of treatment group. Biomarker levels were log transformed where possible to normalize distributions. Mixed models were used to examine trajectories of change. Results: CRP increased and IL-4, IL-10, and epinephrine decreased over time, mostly in the opposite direction expected (except epinephrine). No significant difference between RCBT and CCBT was found on average trajectory of change in any biomarkers. Religiosity interacted with treatment group in effects on IL-6, such that CCBT was more effective than RCBT in lowering lL-6 in those with low religiosity whereas RCBT appeared to be more effective than CCBT in those with high religiosity. Higher baseline religiosity also tended to predict an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines INF-γ and IL-12 (p70) and urinary cortisol over time. Conclusions: RCBT and CCBT had similar effects on stress biomarkers. CCBT was more effective in reducing IL-6 levels in those with low religiosity, whereas RCBT tended to be more effective in those with high religiosity. Unexpectedly, higher baseline religiosity was associated with an increase in several stress biomarkers.

Cognitive behavioral therapy on personality characteristics of cancer patients

BACKGROUND The main treatment methods for cancer include surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,targeted drug therapy and so on.Patients often feel anger,anxiety,depression,and other negative psychological reactions in the process of treatment.AIM To explore the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on the personality characteristics of cancer patients.METHODS According to the matching design requirements,150 cancer patients were divided into 3 groups based on sex,age,condition,and cultural background.Patients in the control group received conventional treatment.Patients in experimental group 1 received an intervention based on conventional treatment combined with cognitive behavioral therapy.Patients in experimental group 2 received family members'participation in addition to the treatment given in experimental group 1.An Eysenck personality questionnaire was used to investigate all the patients before and after the intervention,and the scores for psychosis,introversion,neuroticism,and concealment degree were analyzed.RESULTS Compared with the control group,for experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 before and after the intervention,the four dimensions of mental quality,neuroticism,introversion and concealment degree all decreased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After the intervention,there were no obvious or statistically significant differences(P>0.05)among the control group,experimental group 1,and experimental group 2 for two personality traits,psychoticism and neuroticism,both inside and outside degree and all four dimensions.CONCLUSION Simple cognitive behavioral therapy could not change the personality characteristics of cancer patients quickly,but the patients’personality characteristics were significantly improved after treatment.

Applicability Evaluation of Simplified Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

背景:我们在国内较早开展并研发了针对焦虑症的结构化认知行为治疗操作手册,本研究在前期研究基础上对简化认知行为治疗的适宜性进行评价。目的:通过多中心临床对照实验,评价简化认知行为治疗(Simplified Cognitive Behavioral Therapy,SCBT)的适宜性。方法:通过来自不同级别的精神卫生专科医疗机构和综合医院精神科等多个中心,对广泛性焦虑患者进行SCBT的临床对照研究,分为3组:SCBT组,SCBT+药物组和药物组。比较三组脱落率,接受SCBT患者对治疗满意度以及治疗师对SCBT评价。结果:(1)三组脱落率差异没有统计学意义。(2)接受SCBT的两组患者仅在治疗时间和次数上差异有统计学意义,SCBT组比SCBT+药物组患者治疗满意度高。(3)18名SCBT实施人员均认为操作手册内容容易理解、易于操作,并到达治疗目标。结论:SCBT对广泛性焦虑患者适宜性较强,有望成为在不同级别医疗机构应用推广的心理治疗方法。

Research on the Therapeutic Effect of Sandplay Intervention on Emotional and Behavioral Problems of a Primary School Student

With the aim to explore the therapeutic effect of sandplay therapy on children with emotional and behavioral problems,in this study,a primary school student with emotional and behavioral problems was selected as the research object undergoing 12 times sandplay intervention,combining the methods of observation,interview,and questionnaire.It turns out that:(1)The traumatic theme indicates an overall downward trend in the process of intervention,while the cure theme indicates an overall upward trend.(2)The results of“strengths and difficulties questionnaire”were found to be consistent with the results of descriptive evaluation before and after sandplay intervention.(3)Based on the interview,sandplay,and questionnaire analysis,it is found that sandplay therapy shows a better therapeutic effect on children with emotional and behavioral problems.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for the management of irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common disorder,reported to be found in 5%-20%of the general population.Its management accounts for up to 25%of a gastroenterologist’s workload in the outpatient department,and the main symptoms are abdominal pain,bloating,and altered bowel habits.Despite a great amount of available pharmacological treatments aimed at a wide variety of gastrointestinal and brain targets,many patients have not shown adequate symptom relief.In recent years,there has been increasing evidence to suggest that psychological treatments,in particular cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT),are effective for the management of IBS.This review discusses CBT for the management of IBS.CBT has proved to be effective in alleviating the physical and psychological symptoms of IBS and has thus been recommended as a treatment option for the syndrome.

Cognitive behavioral therapy group intervention for HIV transmission risk behavior in perinatally infected adolescents

Purpose: This study analyzed treatment effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) group counseling intervention on HIV transmission risk behavior, depression, anxiety, and alcohol use in HIV perinatally infected adolescents attending an HIV clinical care center in Uganda, Africa. Method: A total of 186 adolescents were randomly assigned to an experimental or control arm and assigned into groups of 11 - 16 adolescents. The experimental groups received an 80-minute CBT based weekly intervention for 8 consecutive weeks, while the control groups received only standard group care. Data from self report assessments were analyzed at pre- and post-test using repeated measures of analysis of variance. The participants, analyzed by variable, included 115 for sexual behavior, 106 for depression, 88 for anxiety, and 115 for alcohol use. Results: The results from the study show a large significant difference (p = 0.006) between the experimental and control groups on the anxiety variable. There were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups on the variables of sexual behavior (p = 0.876), depression (p = 0.700), and alcohol use (p = 0.815). There was an indication of reduced levels of HIV sexual transmission risk behavior, depression, and alcohol use levels in the participants in both the experimental and control groups. Conclusions: Risky sexual behavior places HIV perinatally infected adolescents at risk of re-infection, sexually transmitted diseases, and transmitting HIV to their sexual partners. CBT group counseling intervention equipped the participating adolescents with appropriate life skills to deal with psychological distress and anxiety often seen in their lives and may be useful in routine medical care to reduce transmission risks and improve wellness and call for its incorporation into HIV preventive programs and counselor education.

Best practices in supervising cognitive behavioral therapy with youth

Clinical supervision of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) with youth ensures better patient care and fosters trainees' professional development. However,often insufficient attention is directed toward disseminating best practices in supervision of CBT with youth. This Therapeutic Advances contribution aims to communicate the core content of supervision. Additionally, the key supervisory practices associated with CBT with youth are described. Supervisory outcomes are summarized and recommendations for supervisory practices are made.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as the Basis for Preventive Intervention in a Sleep Health Program: A Quasi-Experimental Study of E-Mail Newsletters to College Students

Several reports suggest that college students often have atypical sleep patterns and experience poor sleep quality. We examined the effect of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) based intervention program to improve sleep quality and overall mental health among college students. The intervention was delivered in the form of e-mail newsletters. Fifty-three students participated in the intervention group, and another 50 students participated in the control group. The intervention group received a lecture on sleep hygiene;once-weekly e-mail newsletters on sleep health topics (sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction, sleep titration, and relapse prevention) and were asked to maintain a four-week sleep diary. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a measure of sleep quality, and the Kessler 6, a measure of psychological distress, were administered before the lecture (as the baseline measurement) and again 16 weeks later (follow-up measurement). PSQI and K6 scores were reduced in the intervention group compared with the control group. A CBT-based sleep health program utilizing e-mail newsletters may work to improve sleep quality and mental health. This program may represent a cost effective way for Japanese students to receive treatment for poor sleep and may also serve to prevent psychiatric problems.

Threat perception predicts cognitive behavioral therapy outcomes in anxious children

Objective: Anxiety disorders of childhood are prevalent, debilitating conditions that do not always respond to existing treatments. Attentional biases towards threatening stimuli have been reported in anxious children and hypothesized to interfere with treatment response. Therefore, we examined such biases in children with anxiety disorders in relation to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) outcomes. Method: Thirty-eight children diagnosed with anxiety disorders in a specialized clinic (21 girls and 17 boys;age = 10.50 ± 1.11 years) and 36 unaffected community controls (19 girls and 17 boys;age = 10.20 ± 1.07 years) participated. Participants completed standardized questionnaire measures of anxiety and a probe position task (PPT) with facial cues. This task often reveals a response slowing effect related to threatening faces in vulnerable individuals. Children with anxiety disorders repeated these measures after completing CBT. Results: Groups did not differ in performance on the PPT, but angry/calm incongruent difference scores were significantly associated with self-reports of social anxiety and state anxiety. When controlling for pre-CBT anxiety levels, incongruent difference scores involving angry faces predicted post-CBT anxiety disorders index scores on the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children. PPT scores did not change significantly with CBT. Conclusions: Attentional bias towards threat on the PPT task may predict response to CBT and appears linked to social anxiety. Interventions to ameliorate this bias merit further study, as they might improve treatment outcomes for anxious, especially socially anxious, children.

Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Therapy on Immune Index in Patients with Breast Cancer

Objective: To explore the effect of cognitive behavioral intervention therapy on the cellular immune function of patients undergoing radical mastectomy for the first time, and to provide a scientific basis for improving the treatment of breast cancer patients. Methods: 100 patients with breast cancer who were eligible for admission to the Department of Breast Surgery, Hainan Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were selected as subjects. It is the first time to improve the radical mastectomy. They were randomly divided into control group and intervention group, 50 cases each. The control group used conventional treatment and routine care. On the basis of this, the intervention group conducted cognitive behavioral interventions including cognitive reconstruction and behavioral therapy. The patients were measured for serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels on the second day after admission and three months after discharge. The changes of serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels in the two groups were compared before and after cognitive intervention. Results: The concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the serum of the intervention group and the control group before intervention were compared. The difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the serum levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-8 in the intervention group were lower than before the intervention. The concentration of TNF-α was higher than before the intervention. The difference was statistically significant (P Conclusion: Cognitive behavioral intervention therapy can change the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in serum of breast cancer patients. It has a positive effect on the regulation of immune function in breast cancer patients.