Exploration on the Cognitive Schema and Its Transformation of Knowledge Management

Knowledge management(KM) has been receiving considerable attention in the human-system research community.And it is one of the key issues on what the cognitive structure(schema) is and how it transfers.From different perspectives,such as the cognitive science,the concepts,elements and characteristics of cognitive schema,the knowledge structure,knowledge acquisition and influence of schema on it,this paper explores the cognitive schema of knowledge management.

Cognitive Network Management in Internet of Things

The wide variety of smart embedded computing devices and their increasing number of applications in our daily life have created new op- portunities to acquire knowledge from the physical world anytime and anywhere, which is envisioned as the＂Internet of Things＂ （IoT）. Since a huge number of heterogeneous resources are brought in- to IoT, one of the main challenges is how to effi- ciently manage the increasing complexity of IoT in a scalable, flexNle, and autonomic way. Further- more, the emerging IoT applications will require collaborations among loosely coupled devices, which may reside in various locations of the Inter- net. In this paper, we propose a new IoT network management architecture based on cognitive net- work management technology and Service-Orien- ted Architecture to provide effective and efficient network management of loT.

MODELING RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN COGNITIVE RADIO SYSTEM BASED ON OFDMA USING COLORED PETRI NET

Cognitive Radio(CR) system based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access(OFDMA),such as Wireless Regional Area Networks(WRAN) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX),often attempt to improve performance via dynamic radio resource management,which is characterized as concurrent processing of different traffic and nondeterministic system capacity.It is essential to design and evaluate such complex system using proper modeling and analysis tools.In the previous work,most of the communication systems were modeled as Markov Chain(MC) and Stochastic Petri Nets(SPN),which have the explicit limitation in evaluating adaptive OFDMA CR system with wide area traffic.In this paper,we develop an executable top-down hier-archical Colored Petri Net(CPN) model for adaptive OFDMA CR system,and analyze its performance using CPN tools.The results demonstrate that the CPN can model different radio resource manage-ment algorithms in CR Systems,and the CPN tools require less computational effort than Markov model using Matlab,with its flexibility and adaptability to the traffics which arrival interval and processing time are not exponentially distributed.

Spectrum Resource Management of Cognitive Radio

As the most important technology of CR, the wireless spectrum resource management technology is the key to CR performance improvement. By introducing the concept of resource space to describe wireless spectrum resource management in the field of CR technology, a data system of wireless resource management is formed that covers wireless spectrum resource space, resource grid and available resource atlas. Besides, the corresponding lamination distributional management structure and the resource management database are constructed. The resources description system and the management structure will become the theoretical concept foundation and reference of the CR spectrum resources management technology.

Cognitive Placement Theory for Performance Appraisal： Talent Management and Individual Performance

This paper does search for talent management and individual performance. It believes that cognitive placement might be used for talent management to determine individual performers. Cognitive methodology assumes that HR manager replaces performance grade of employees into placement line. In upper case, it is grade of employees between 0 and 100. In lower case, it is percentage of performance sub-groups. HR managers replace the top 10% of grades into placement line. That group is talent management group. It is assumed that talent management is to appoint ability professionals for management positions. In addition, this study proposes that cognitive placement by HR managers may specify top performers （professionals） in organizations. Therefore, performance appraisal process is important in talent management, because talent management in HR is related with individual performance and management positions.

Intelligent Management Functionality for Emergency Medical Applications Based on Cognitive Networking Principles

Telecommunications and information technology rapidly migrate towards the Future Internet (FI) era, which is characterized by powerful and complex network infrastructures, advanced applications, services and content, efficient power management as well as extensions in the business model. One of the main application areas that find prosper ground in the FI era, is medicine. In particular, latest advances in medical sciences are reflected on their capability to approach previously past-cure diseases, as well as to prevent the appearance and evolution of unpleasant situations. Those advances are often derived from interdisciplinary solutions to complex medical problems, supported by communications and electronics, which target fast, reliable and stable solutions to problems that are demanding in terms of velocity and accuracy. The goal of this paper is to present intelligent, knowledge-based management functionality capable of supporting emergency medical applications. An indicative emergency medical scenario is provided, along with extensive simulation results using the Network Simulator-2 (NS-2), for evaluating the performance of the proposed functionality.

Cognitive Heuristics and Dual Process Models A Perspective for Management Accounting （MA）？

Classical management accounting （MA） Focusing on the facilitating perspective, focuses on decision facilitating and influencing （Demski ＆ Feltham, 1976）. MA has to provide information to managers and depending on the problem complexity, they have to solve problems in a dyadic way. A dual process model, the heuristic systematic model （HSM）, expands this so-called manager-accountant-dyad and shows different cases of actual human information processing. Managers and accountants either process systematically or heuristically. So far, many concepts have been designed in relation to the normative concept of the economical rational principle. Consequently, recent research only uses systematic information processing, based on the principle of the economic man. In this paper, a decision-behavior oriented approach tries to describe actual decision makers such as managers and accountants and shows new possibilities within MA. Therefore, the potential of heuristic information processing is analyzed, based on the phenomenon of ecological rationality as one shape of bounded rationality. Thus, different cognitive heuristics in business economics are identified and analyzed. Furthermore, the outstanding performance of heuristics compared with more complex calculations is shown. Unfortunately, these findings have been limited to marketing and investments so far. Significant research is needed, regarding conditions for applications and success factors of heuristics in business economics. New empirical findings have to be explicitly transferred to MA.

Use of Social Cognitive Theory to Assess Salient Clinical Research in Chronic Disease Self-Management for Older Adults: An Integrative Review

The purpose of this integrative review is to evaluate research pertaining to self-management programs for older adults with chronic diseases using Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) for behavior change. The focus is application of the SCT domains to self-management programs. The exploration of the current chronic disease self-management research provides an understanding of the Social Cognitive Theory concepts studied in interventional self-management research. The integrative review explicated two areas related to the theory in need of further research. First, social support has not been thoroughly explored as a mechanism for enhancing self-management interventions. Second, moral disengagement was not identified as a focus within chronic disease research raising the question about the impact of moral disengagement on long-term adherence and behavior change.

Effects of comprehensive nursing with cognitive behavioral therapy in orthodontic osteodilated arch treatment

BACKGROUND This work explored the effects of cognitive behavior therapy(CBT)-based comprehensive nursing intervention(CNI)mode in arch expansion to treat patients with orthodontic osteodilated arch(OOA).AIM To explore the application effect of CBT-based CNI model in orthodontic expansion arch treatment.METHODS Using convenient sampling method,81 patients with OOA were selected and rolled into a control group(Ctrl group,40 cases)and an observation group(Obs group,41 cases).During the treatment,patients in the Ctrl group received routine nursing intervention mode,and the those in the Obs group received CBT mode on the basis of this.Before and after intervention,the incidence of oral mucositis,the mastery rate of correct arch expansion method,self-rating anxiety scale score,soft scale index,and plaque index were compared for patients in different groups.In addition,satisfaction and complications were comparatively analyzed.RESULTS Incidence of oral mucositis in the Obs group was lower(14.6%vs 38.5%),and the mastery rate of correct arch expansion method was obviously higher(90.2%vs 55.0%)was obviously higher(all P<0.05).Meanwhile,the soft scale index and plaque index in the Obs group were much lower(P<0.05).The compliance(90.24%)and satisfaction(95.12%)in the Obs group were greatly higher(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The CBT-based CNI mode greatly improved the mastery rate of correct arch expansion method during arch expansion in treating patients with OOA and enhanced the therapeutic effect of arch expansion and the oral health of patients,improving the patient compliance.

Effect of comprehensive management combined with cognitive intervention on patient cooperation and complications during digestive endoscopy

BACKGROUND As lifestyles continue to change worldwide,the incidence of digestive tract carcinoma has gradually increased.Digestive endoscopy is an important tool that can assist in the diagnosis,treatment,and surgical intervention for this disease.However,the examination process is affected by many factors,and patient cooperation is often poor,which can increase the risk of complications.AIM To explore the effects of integrated management and cognitive intervention on cooperation and complications in patients undergoing endoscopy for early gastrointestinal neoplasms.METHODS A total of 354 patients with early stage gastrointestinal cancer who underwent digestive endoscopy procedures between January and December 2023 at our hospital were divided into observation and control groups(177 patients in each group)in a randomized controlled blind trial.The control group received routine interventions,while the observation group received comprehensive integrated management combined with cognitive interventions.We compared the changes in adverse mood,discomfort,examination time,cooperation with the examination,and complications before and after the intervention between the two groups.RESULTS The self-rated anxiety and depression scale scores were lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The visual analog scale scores for discomfort during intubation and examination were also lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the examination time was shorter in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05),and the degree of cooperation(94.35%)was higher in the observation group than in the control group(84.75%;P<0.05).Lastly,the incidence rates of gastrointestinal adverse reactions(10.17%vs 20.34%),choking agitation(14.69%vs 24.86%),abdominal pain(8.47%vs 18.08%),and muscle tension(5.08%vs 14.12%)were all lower in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Integrated management and cognitive intervention in early gastrointestinal neoplasm endoscopy alleviate mood,reduce discomfort,shorten examinations,improve cooperation,and reduce complications.

Spectrum Sensing Based on Deep Learning Classification for Cognitive Radios

Spectrum sensing is a key technology for cognitive radios.We present spectrum sensing as a classification problem and propose a sensing method based on deep learning classification.We normalize the received signal power to overcome the effects of noise power uncertainty.We train the model with as many types of signals as possible as well as noise data to enable the trained network model to adapt to untrained new signals.We also use transfer learning strategies to improve the performance for real-world signals.Extensive experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of this method.The simulation results show that the proposed method performs better than two traditional spectrum sensing methods,i.e.,maximum-minimum eigenvalue ratio-based method and frequency domain entropy-based method.In addition,the experimental results of the new untrained signal types show that our method can adapt to the detection of these new signals.Furthermore,the real-world signal detection experiment results show that the detection performance can be further improved by transfer learning.Finally,experiments under colored noise show that our proposed method has superior detection performance under colored noise,while the traditional methods have a significant performance degradation,which further validate the superiority of our method.

A DYNAMIC SPECTRUM ACCESS NETWORK BASED ON COGNITIVE RADIO

Dynamic spectrum access technologies based on Cognitive Radio(CR) is under intensive research carried out by the wireless communication society and is expected to solve the problem of spectrum scarcity.However,most enabling technologies related to dynamic spectrum access are con-sidered individually.In this paper,we consider these key technologies jointly and introduce a new implementation scheme for a Dynamic Spectrum Access Network Based on Cognitive Radio(DSAN-BCR).We start with a flexible hardware platform for DSAN-BCR,as well as a flexible protocol structure that dominates the operation of DSAN-BCR.We then focus on the state of the art of key technologies such as spectrum sensing,spectrum resources management,dynamic spectrum access,and routing that are below the network layer in DSAN-BCR,as well as the development of technologies related to higher layers.Last but not the least,we analyze the challenges confronted by these men-tioned technologies in DSAN-BCR,and give the perspectives on the future development of these technologies.The DSAN-BCR introduced is expected to provide a system level guidance to alleviate the problem of spectrum scarcity.

Adaptive QoS Management for Mobile Cloud Services

The rapid growth of cloud computing and mobile Internet services has triggered the emergence of mobile cloud services. Among many challenges,QoS management is one of the crucial issues for mobile cloud services. However,existing works on QoS management for cloud computing can hardly fit well to the mobile environment. This paper presents a QoS management architecture and an adaptive management process that can predict,assess and ensure QoS of mobile cloud services. Furthermore,we propose an adaptive QoS management model based on Fuzzy Cognitive Maps ( FCM) ,which suitably represents the causal relationships among QoS related properties and cloud service modes. We evaluate the proposed solution and demonstrate its effectiveness and benefits based on simulation work.

Venn Relations of Human Resource： Impact of Human Resource Management on Economy

Research topic of study is Venn relations. Venn symbolizes relationship among human resource methods. They are personnel management, human resource management, and strategic human resource management. Venn symbolizes relationship among three human resource methods. According to the relations, firms apply three of them in human resource management departments. Personnel management is associated with job performance, human resource management is associated with employee performance, and strategic human resource management is associated with firm performance. Thus, those three purposes are crucial to firm＇s objectives. This study also explores human resource accounting, cognitive placement, and talent management. Research question is that firms may apply three human resource methods in human resource management departments. Methodology of study is literature scanning and major result is the application of cognitive placement methodology and Venn diagrams. Data and analysis are obtained through secondary data collection.

The Effects of a Recovery-Focused Program for Stress Management in Women<br/>—An Exploratory Study

Current research indicates that stress problems primarily could be conceptualized as deficiencies in recovery and recuperation between stress periods. Accordingly, interventions should put more emphasis on this aspect. A group based intervention program focusing exclusively on recovery behavior in everyday life was evaluated in this quasi-experimental, waiting-list control group study, where the control group was also treated in a second phase. Thirty-two self-referred female subjects, considering themselves in need of treatment for stress related health problems, were available for analyzes. Fifteen of these constituted the first phase treatment group (INT), while the remaining 17 subjects were placed on waiting list (WLC). Adding a few late applicants leaved 20 subjects later treated in the second intervention phase. Significant and clinically meaningful positive effects emerged in the INT—compared to the WLC-group on recovery behaviors, stress—and recovery experiences, as well as on burnout symptoms, worry, anxiety and depression. Secondary analyzes of all treated subjects indicated that the positive change the primary clinical endpoint was predicted by the increase in frequency of recovery behaviors and by the decrease in the worry level. Thus, the present intervention model merits further research with more rigorous experimental design as well as with follow-up assessments.

Effect of Intention on Outcome Bias in Decision Making—Implications for Safety Management

The evidence of outcome bias was explored in a two-player (Player 1: allocator and Player 2: evaluator) economic game experiment where the reward allocation was made between two players. The experimental factors were the intention of an allocator (Player 1), the type of chosen dice (selfish, fair, and generous), and the outcome (selfish, fair, and generous). The outcome bias occurred when the type of dice chosen by the allocator (Player 1) was not only a selfish one but also a generous one. The comparison between the two conditions (intentional and no-intentional conditions) definitely showed that Player 2 punished Player 1 to a larger extent when the outcome was disadvantageous for Player 2 (selfish outcome) and Player 2 rewarded Player 1 when the outcome was advantageous (generous outcome) irrespective of whether the die was chosen out of the three types intentionally or not. Moreover, the outcome bias was not observed when the outcome was fair. Thus, we could verify the hypothesis that we are readily got trapped in the outcome bias. Some implications were given for safety management that put more emphasis on the process than on the outcome.

Optimization of QoS Parameters in Cognitive Radio Using Combination of Two Crossover Methods in Genetic Algorithm

Radio Cognitive (RC) is the new concept introduced to improve spectrum utilization in wireless communication and present important research field to resolve the spectrum scarcity problem. The powerful ability of CR to change and adapt its transmit parameters according to environmental sensed parameters, makes CR as the leading technology to manage spectrum allocation and respond to QoS provisioning. In this paper, we assume that the radio environment has been sensed and that the SU specifies QoS requirements of the wireless application. We use genetic algorithm (GA) and propose crossover method called Combined Single-Heuristic Crossover. The weighted sum multi-objective approach is used to combine performance objectives functions discussed in this paper and BER approximate formula is considered.

Is Alzheimer’s Disease an Adaptability Disorder? What Role Does Happiness Have in Treatment, Management and Prevention

A case presentation indicating the importance of “happiness” in childhood causing memory block until the patent presented with probable mixed vascular and neurodegenerative memory loss at 60 years of age is presented to highlight the role of emotional factors in causing the disease. The question of whether Alzheimer’s disease is an adaptability disorder is raised, given the patient blocked out her memory of her childhood experience. The importance of “happiness” as a treatment goal raises issues of advocacy and Guardianship as well as capacity, which is addressed by actual case reference and court action in defence of the patient’s rights to have their wishes respected and observed. Functional mental capacity assessment, using the Functional Mental State Measure (FMSM) gives a greater indication of neuronal reserve than standard cognitive testing, as it helps to unravel the dilemma associated with pure cognitive assessment in Alzheimer’s Disease as well as vascular dementia patients and patients who, despite retained and intact functional capacity and ability to express their wishes, i.e. “best interest”, are “wrongly” placed under Guardianship. Maladaptive responses, to control the change in external environment that are sensed or perceived, and which lead to disorder or to susceptibility to disease, exemplify a General Systems Theory approach, in which appropriate and adequate responses to environmental change, in behavioural terms, by a person, whether independently, or as the recipient or giver, or both, leads to functional interaction and happiness.

On Evaluating the Efficacy of Predictive Models for Cognitive Radio Spectrum Availability in Nigeria

In order to avoid the undesired interference with the activities of the primary users in cognitive radio networks, the secondary users are required to be able to predict the behavior of the primary users so as to leave the channel before the arrival of such licensed owner of the spectrum. While a number of existing literatures on cognitive radio spectrum prediction employ the use of propagation curves for predicting the spectrum holes otherwise known as TV white space, these models are built based on measurements conducted in regions that are different from Nigeria, suitability in terms of usage may therefore vary due to environmental factors and terrain profile. This work evaluates the efficacy of the developed model in predicting the cognitive spectrum availability in Nigeria. Models capable of predicting spectrum occupancy in the time domain using discrete-time two-state Markov chain with an appropriate Duty Cycle (DC) model and also a modified m-bell shaped exponential equation were formulated. The result obtained in all cases considered shows that the formulated models are appropriate to be used in any environment if the parameters were carefully extracted from the data. This work has also demonstrated that the accuracy of Markov chain models depends on the level of usage of a spectrum under consideration and may therefore not give desirable results when employed in some other spectrum.

Regional anesthesia for acute pain management in elderly patients

Normal aging is a process that involves loss of functional reserve of most organ systems of the human body, most significantly: cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal and nervous systems. Advancements in both surgery and anesthesia have made it possible to operate more safely on the elderly population and those older patients with multiple severe co-morbidities that were not routinely possible in the recent past. Regional anesthesiologist have proven to be instrumental in this regard as regional anesthetic/analgesic techniques may now permit surgeons to operate on the elderly who were not ideal surgical candidates or unable to tolerate general anesthesia. In addition, regional techniques provide alternatives that may optimize acute pain control and reduce the incidence of devastating side effects during the perioperative period such as: myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and also increases the opportunity to allow for early ambulation and shorter hospital stays. These anesthetic options now provide the elderly patient with better medical care alternatives, but also can show a significant financial impact on health care system resources. Further understanding on aging molecular biology, physiology and pathophysiology, together with technical improvements of regional anesthetic techniques will continue to make it safer and more efficacious to operate on the elderly population with evidence of reduced morbidity and mortality. Although there is only anecdotal evidence that regional anesthesia(RA) improves survival, there is little doubt that RA plays an important role in perioperative optimization of pain control and decreases pain management complications as well as a reduction in healthcare costs. Beyond traditional operating rooms, elderly patients may increasingly benefit from RA and acute pain management in Emergency Rooms, medical clinics and even within a patient's home. Therefore, the focus of this review is directed toward geriatric patients and beneficial effects of RA on outcomes in the elderly.