Growth Control of Quasi-two-dimensional Perovskites:Structure-dependent Exciton and Charge Behavior

While three-dimensional perovskites have high defect tolerance and an adjustable bandgap,their charges tend to be free rather than forming excitons,making them unsuitable for use in efficient light-emitting diodes(LEDs).Rather,quasi-two-dimensional(Q-2D)perovskites offer high photoluminescence quantum yield along with the advantages of bulk perovskites,making them ideal for high-performance LEDs.In Q-2D perovskites,the structure(which includes factors like crystal orientation,phase distribution,and layer thickness)directly influences how excitons and charge carriers behave within the material.Growth control techniques,such as varying the synthesis conditions or employing methods,allow for fine-tuning the structural characteristics of these materials,which in turn affect exciton dynamics and charge transport.This review starts with a description of the basic properties of Q-2D perovskites,examines crystal growth in solution,explains how structure affects energy transfer behavior,and concludes with future directions for Q-2D perovskite LEDs.By understanding and optimizing the structure-dependent behavior,researchers can better control exciton dynamics and charge transport,which are crucial for enhancing the performance of optoelectronic devices like solar cells and LEDs.

Controllable growth of wafer-scale PdS and PdS_(2) nanofilms via chemical vapor deposition combined with an electron beam evaporation technique

Palladium(Pd)-based sulfides have triggered extensive interest due to their unique properties and potential applications in the fields of electronics and optoelectronics.However,the synthesis of large-scale uniform PdS and PdS_(2)nanofilms(NFs)remains an enormous challenge.In this work,2-inch wafer-scale PdS and PdS_(2) NFs with excellent stability can be controllably prepared via chemical vapor deposition combined with electron beam evaporation technique.The thickness of the pre-deposited Pd film and the sulfurization temperature are critical for the precise synthesis of PdS and PdS_(2) NFs.A corresponding growth mechanism has been proposed based on our experimental results and Gibbs free energy calculations.The electrical transport properties of PdS and PdS_(2) NFs were explored by conductive atomic force microscopy.Our findings have achieved the controllable growth of PdS and PdS_(2) NFs,which may provide a pathway to facilitate PdS and PdS_(2) based applications for next-generation high performance optoelectronic devices.

Controlled Growth of One-Dimensional Oxide Nanomaterials

This article reviews the recent developments in the controlled growth of one-dimensional （1D） oxide nanomaterials, including ZnO, SnO2, In203, Ga203, SiOx, MgO, and Al203. The growth of 2D oxide nanomaterials was carried out in a simple chemical vapor transport and condensation system. This article will begin with a survey of nanotechnology and 1D nanomaterials achieved by many researchers, and then mainly discuss on the controlled growth of ID oxide nanomaterials with their morphologies, sizes, compositions, and microstructures controlled by altering experimental parameters, such as the temperature at the source material and the substrate, temperature gradient in the tube furnace, the total reaction time, the heating rate of the furnace, the gas flow rate, and the starting material. Their roles in the formation of various morphologies are analyzed and discussed. Finally, this review will be concluded with personal perspectives on the future research directions of this area.

Controlled growth of large＇scale silver nanowires

Large-scale silver nanowires with controlled aspect ratio were synthesized via reducing silver nitrate with 1, 2- propanediol in the presence of poly （vinyl pyrrolidone） （PVP）. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and x-ray powder diffraction were employed to characterize these silver nanowires. The diameter of the silver nanowires can be readily controlled in the range of 100 to 400 nm by varying the experimental conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results show that there exists no chemical bond between the silver and the nitrogen atoms. The interaction between PVP and silver nanowires is mainly through the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group.

Control-Growth and Photocatalytic Activities of Low-Dimensional Bi2Fe4O9 Crystals

Low-dimensional Bi2Fe4O9 nanosheets and microrods have been selectively prepared by a solvothermal method, from which the growth of the Bi2Fe4O9 crystals can be controlled by the variation of reaction conditions. Structure determination showed that the nanosheets are mainly exposed by {001} facets while the microrods are exposed by {110} facets. Ab- sorption spectra revealed that there are two bandgaps observed for both nanosheets （at 1.9 and 1.55 eV） and microrods （1.7 and 1.45 eV）, and they both would be available for the sunlight photocatalysis e ciently due to the intensive absorption ability in a wide region. Photocatalytic investigation demonstrated that the overall photocatalytic performance of the microrods is prior to that of the nanosheets due to the variation of bandgaps and exposed facets. The present report provides a useful alternative strategy for the controlling growth of nanostructures and/or microcrystals besides the present demonstration of the Bi2Fe4O9 crystals with diflerent bandgaps and facets that would be able to tune the corresponding photocatalytic ability selectively.

Morphology control of ultrafine cuprous oxide powder and its growth mechanism

Four shapes of Cu2O particles as sphere,cube,truncated octahedron and octahedron were prepared via glucose reduction of Cu(Ⅱ)under alkaline condition.The products were characterized by XRD and SEM.The effects of the precursor(CuO,Cu(OH)2), reaction temperature and glucose concentration on morphology of Cu2O particles were investigated,and the mechanism of morphology control was discussed on the basic theory of crystal nucleation and growth.It is found that the Cu+supersaturation is remarkably influenced by the precursor kind,reaction temperature and glucose concentration,and the morphology of Cu2O particles can be controlled by the Cu+supersaturation.

Morphology-Controlled Growth of A1N One-Dimensional Nanostructures

Aluminum nitride （AIN） nanowires, serrated nanoribbons, and nanoribbons were selectively obtained through a simple chloride assisted chemical vapor deposition process. The morphologies of the products could be controlled by adjusting the deposition position and the flux of the reactant gas. The morphologies and structures of the AIN products were investigated in detail. The formation mechanism of the as-prepared different morphologies of AIN one-dimensional （ID） nanostructures was discussed on the basis of the experimental results.

Prevention of Harmful Algal Blooms by Control of Growth Parameters

Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) were investigated to prevent the outbreak of HAB in both freshwater and seawater. Parameters inducing HAB were volcanic eruption, sunlight, aeolian dust, environmental factors (current, pH, dissolved oxygen, food web, turbulence, growth phase), enzyme, iron, nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, minerals) while the critical growth parameter for the outbreak of HAB was iron (Fe). HAB development was halted in freshwater and seawater due to the sulfur compounds (H2S, sulfates) inducing the deficiency of the dissolved Fe in the water. The atomic ratio of N/P is commonly known to be 16/1 in freshwater and 176/1 in seawater for HAB. Therefore, nitrogen can be a relatively limiting factor in seawater while phosphorus in freshwater. HAB could be prevented by control of growth parameters such as pH, temperature, sunlight, turbulence, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and sulfur compounds prior to reaching the early exponential phase of algal growth.

Thailand's economic growth and structural development projections in the context of environmental control

Projections for 20 years of economic growth and change in the structure of the Thai economy were made for 180 sectors using a computable general equilibrium(CGE) model to compare the following four scenarios:(1) standard growth with infinite supply of factors,(2) finite land supply,(3) fixed use of agricultural chemicals,and(4) combined finite land supply with fixed use of agricultural chemicals.The computable projections suggest that the economic cost of hypothetical environmental control in agriculture is small and further weakened by urbanization.The computed structural development points to efficiency improvements specific to sectors to return the economy to balanced growth.

Growth and passivation of aluminum etch tunnels at on-off controlling direct current in 6 wt.% HCI solution

Growth and passivation of tunnels within Al foil by on-off controlling DC etching in 6 wt.% HCI solution has been investigated. It was found that, in a given etchant solution at a special temperature, the longest tunnel length was only a function of the turn-on interval of DC. The potential of Al foil broke at on-off controlling DC by the result from anode polarization curves and potential-time （E-t） responding curves. When DC was switched on, the potential increased abruptly over pitting potential, leading to nucleation of pits at the surface and the growth of tunnels at special length. When DC was switched off, the potential decreased rapidly to a passive value, leading to stoppage of nucleation and death of tunnels. By this way, the longest tunnel length can be controlled and a non-piercing layer can be obtained. Hence, etching of Al foil at this current is beneficial for maintaining a good mechanical strength.

Effect of wood chip application on root growth of oak seedling and weed control in northern Iran

It was hypothesized that wood chips can serve as a mulch to improve the growth of young trees by facilitating the development of their root systems, inhibiting weed germination, and suppressing weed growth. The present study was carried out in Ghorogh Nursery, Golestan Northern Iran, in order to investigate the impact of wood chips applica- tion on root growth of oak （Quercus castaneifolia） seedlings and control of weed. A three centimeter wood chip layer was used on the soil surface as the mulch treatment with bare soil as the control. The number of new roots, the length of exciting roots and the density of weeds were meas- ured after 5 and 12 weeks. Results showed that wood chip application had significant positive effect on the length of excising roots after 5 and 12 weeks compared with control seedlings. Also, weeds were reduced to near zero levels in treated plot. Our findings suggested that wood chip layer on the soil surface in the nursery can conserve soil moisture and prevent nutrient leaching from the rooting zone as well as diminish weed growth which consequently lead to production of high quality seedling.

J_n-INTEGRAL AND THE CONTROLLING PARAMETER FOR CRACK GROWTH

The J-integral as a controlling parameter was applied to the crack growing process in an elastic-plastic state by Hutchinson and Paris[1], and Shih et. al[2]. An engineering approach based on J-integral was proposed by Ref.[3]. Obviously, it is necessary to determine whether J is really a bask controlling parameter. It has been shown from the results given in this paper that it is not bask, but the Jn-integral defined in this paper is a proper controlling parameter for crack growth in an clastic-plastic state.

Population Aging and Control of Population Growth

ＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎＡｇｉｎｇａｎｄＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆＰｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎＧｒｏｗｔｈＴｕＰｉｎｇＲａｐｉｄｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｇｉｎｇＷｉｔｈａｂｉｇｄｒｏｐｉｎｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｔｙａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅ１９７０ｓ，ｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｈｉｌ...

The Control of Population Growth Is the Function of the Central Government

Mr.Jiang Zcmin,Gencral-Seerctary of the Cen-tral Committee of the Chincse Communist Party and.Chairman of the People's Republic of China,in a rC-ccnt spcech cm phasized that the family planning pro-gramme should be strictly and effectively im plemented in 1994,a year of crucial importance for promoting re-form and opening and thc drive lowards.modernization.To makc continucd contributions to the sociocconomic development in the country,we must fulfil the plan for controlling population growth..The spcech was delivcred at the anua!National Fo-rum on Family Planning Work convened jointly by the Party's Central Committcc and the Statc Council.

Construction of Controllable Expression Vector of Mus musculus Growth Hormone (GH) shRNA and Its Gene Si- lencing Efficiency Detection

Growth hormone （GH） is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the pituitary, which promotes animal growth, muscle development, metabolism regulation and other important physiological functions. In this study, a pair of mGH short hairpin RNA （shRNA） was designed according to mouse （ Mus musculus） GH mRNA sequence; pSingle-tTS-mGH shRNA-RFP, an integrated controllable expression vector of mGH shRNA, was constructed successfully. The recombinant vector was transfected into mouse pituitary tumor cell line AtT-20. After addition of doxycyelin （ DOX）, the expression of red fluorescent protein （RFP） was observed un- der a fluorescent microscope. The expression level of mGH in cells was detected by quantitative Realtime PCR （qRT-PCR） and Western blot. After DOX induction, the relative expression level of GH mRNA in cells transfected with GH shRNA was reduced by about 70% compared with that in DOX-free group and other control groups, exhibiting extremely significant differences （P 〈 0.01 ） ; moreover, the relative expression level of GH protein was reduced by about 90% ; the expression level of GH mRNA and GH protein exhibited no significant difference among other groups （P 〉 0.05）. In this study, a controllable expression vector of GH shRNA with high gene silencing efficiency was constructed successfully, which could be used to reveal GH autocfine / paracrine interactions and analyze functions of GH gene in growth, development and disease occurrence of animals by regulating GH expression levels.

生态调度控制汉江中游入侵沉水植物过度生长效果研究

针对汉江中游江段入侵沉水植物伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)过度生长的问题,以2019年调查监测为基础,采用生物量、分布面积、流速、流量等指标,于2020-2021年在汉江丹江口水库联合王甫洲水利枢纽开展了控制伊乐藻过度生长的生态调度试验并评估其生态效果。结果表明:(1)丹江口−王甫洲区间适宜入侵沉水植物伊乐藻生长的水域面积达16.8 km^(2),主要分布在坝前两岸浅水区、泄水闸上游洲滩、水岸新城、中洲岛、木排港、羊皮滩等区域;(2)生态调度的控制效果显著,伊乐藻生物量和分布面积呈逐年减少趋势,其年度峰值生物量变化与春季萌发期1-3月流量极值比(r=-0.997)和生长旺盛期4−8月平均流量(r=-0.963)的相关系数均大于0.9,与全年平均流量(r=-0.748)和4−8月平均水温(r=0.732)的相关系数大于0.7,流量(流速)和水温是影响伊乐藻生物量的关键因子;(3)根据王甫洲坝前漂浮伊乐藻日打捞量与入库流量统计,可以对伊乐藻成熟团聚体产生明显冲刷影响的王甫洲入库流量(即丹江口水库下泄流量)条件为不小于1500m^(3)/s;丹江口水库峰值流量为3500m^(3)/s的单次汛期调度过程,可减少研究区间内约40%的伊乐藻生物量。

Improvement of uniformity in cultivation environment and crop growth rate by hybrid control of air flow devices

A complete control type plant factory has high efficiency in terms of cultivation area by constructing vertical multiple layered cultivation beds.However,it has a problem of irregular crop growth due to temperature deviation at upper and lower beds and increases in energy consumption by a prolonged cultivation period.In this work,air flow rate inside a facility was improved by a hybrid control of air flow devices like air conditioning and air circulation fan with an established wireless sensor network to minimize temperature deviations between upper and lower beds and to promote crop growth.The performance of proposed system was verified with an experimental environment or Case A wherein air conditioning device was operated without a control algorithm and Case B wherein air conditioning and circulation fans were alternatively operated based on the hybrid control algorithm.After planting leafy vegetables under each experimental condition,crops were cultivated for 21 days.As a result,Case B wherein AC(air conditioning) and ACF(air-circulation fan) were alternatively operated based on the hybrid control algorithm showed that fresh mass,number of leaves,and leaf length for the crops grown were increased by 40.6%,41.1%,and 11.1%,respectively,compared to Case A.

不同药剂与施药时期对辣椒炭疽病防治效果的影响

【目的】探明贵州辣椒炭疽病的适宜防治药剂和防治时期,为辣椒炭疽病化学防控提供依据。【方法】选取已登记的15种辣椒炭疽病防治药剂单剂(25%咪鲜胺EC、80%波尔多液WP、50%肟菌酯WG、22.7%二氰蒽醌SC、70%代森锰锌WP、40%百菌清SC、30%琥胶肥酸铜WP、80%克菌丹WG、22.5%啶氧菌酯SC、85%三氯异氰尿酸SPX、40%苯醚甲环唑SC、500 g/L氟啶胺SC、50%咪鲜胺锰盐WP、250 g/L嘧菌酯SC和25%吡唑醚菌酯SC)和1个混剂(40%苯甲•吡唑酯SC)为药剂处理,选取贵州辣椒炭疽病的3个主要致病菌菌株(C.scovillei GL 17-25、C.gloeosporioides GL 17-42和C.fructicola GL 17-147)为防治对象,采用菌丝生长抑制法和离体果实接种法对药剂进行初筛,通过田间试验进一步验证适宜的药剂和防治时期。【结果】25%咪鲜胺EC、50%咪鲜胺锰盐WP、70%代森锰锌WP对3种辣椒炭疽病菌的菌丝生长抑制率均为100.00%;离体果实接种试验表明,除70%代森锰锌WP外,各药剂的平均预防效果均高于治疗效果,25%咪鲜胺EC对3个菌株的预防和治疗效果最好,平均值分别为72.48%和60.01%,其次为25%吡唑醚菌酯SC(43.53%和30.36%)。相比发病中期用药,发病初期用药的病情指数低、防效高,25%吡唑醚菌酯SC和40%苯甲•吡唑酯SC的防效显著(P<0.05)高于25%咪鲜胺EC,前两者发病初期用药的防效分别为86.99%和88.59%,发病中期用药防效分别为50.87%和45.48%。【结论】25%吡唑醚菌酯SC和40%苯甲•吡唑酯SC能有效防治辣椒炭疽病,防治时期以发病初期为佳。

以包容氛围提升新生代员工工作幸福感:职业成长的中介和自我控制的调节作用

如何提升新生代员工工作幸福感是当前管理实践和学界关注的热点话题。包容是中华文明的历史启示,但现有研究很少探讨包容氛围感知对新生代员工工作幸福感的影响机理及其边界条件。基于工作要求-资源模型和自我控制理论,探讨包容氛围感知对工作幸福感的影响。问卷调查结果表明,包容氛围感知显著正向影响员工职业成长和工作幸福感,职业成长在包容氛围与工作幸福感之间发挥中介作用,自我控制调节了包容氛围感知与职业成长的关系。