Prochlorococcus is the dominant population of the autotrophs in the oceanic area in theSouth China Sea; and contributes significantly to picoplanktonic (【2μm) carbon biomass. However, thereis no availabe data on its...Prochlorococcus is the dominant population of the autotrophs in the oceanic area in theSouth China Sea; and contributes significantly to picoplanktonic (【2μm) carbon biomass. However, thereis no availabe data on its growth the and productivity so far. In the present study, the in situ populationgrowth rate of Prochlorococus at the chlorophyll maximum layer at 6 .3°N, 110°E in the South China展开更多
The paper compares the height growth velocities of male schoolchildren in South Korea and Japan over the period 1961-2018. Growth in height was measured with the same birth cohorts, not by comparing mean height of asc...The paper compares the height growth velocities of male schoolchildren in South Korea and Japan over the period 1961-2018. Growth in height was measured with the same birth cohorts, not by comparing mean height of ascending ages in the same year. Starting from a lower economic base and mean height in the 1960s, high school males aged 17 in South Korea became 3 cm taller in mean height than their Japanese peers in the mid-2000s versus 2 - 3 cm shorter in the 1960s through 1970s. Children in Japan ceased to grow taller by the end of the 1980s, not because they quit taking more animal-sourced foods, meat and milk, but because they had drastically steered away from fruit and vegetables in their diets since the end of the 1970s. Having largely converged economically with Japan, South Korean children ceased to grow any taller in the mid-2000s. More importantly, it was discovered in this study that successive cohorts in South Korea started to fall gradually but steadily in height growth velocity from 1<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> graders in middle school, aged 12 years to 3</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">rd</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> graders in high school, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aged 17 years, to be once again 3 cm below their Japanese peers in the early-2010s. Analysis of Korea Household Expenditure Surveys classified by age groups of household head, decomposed by the author, revealed that children under 20 years of age in South Korea began to steer away from fruit and, particularly, vegetables in their at-home consumption in the mid-1990s, to average only 15% of the level of older adults in their 50s in the mid-2010s. These results lend supports to the importance of fruit and vegetables as determinants in height and its growth velocities in two genetically similar nations over time and stages of economic growth.</span>展开更多
As a potential oil and gas reservoir, reef complexes have been a research focus from petroleum geologists for a long time. There are favorable conditions for the development of reef complexes in the South China Sea; h...As a potential oil and gas reservoir, reef complexes have been a research focus from petroleum geologists for a long time. There are favorable conditions for the development of reef complexes in the South China Sea; however, their internal structures, evolution and distribution are still poorly understood. Based on 2D and 3D seismic data, the internal structures and evolution patterns of the reef complexes on the carbonate platform margin in the deep water areas over the western South China Sea were studied in detail. The result shows that two types of reef complexes, i.e., fault controlling platform margin reef complexes and ramp reef complexes have been developed in the study area. The reef complexes have independent or continuous mound or lenticular seismic reflections, with three internal structures (i.e., aggrading, prograding and retrograding structures). There are different growth rates during the evolution of the reef complexes, resulting in the formation of catch-up reefs, keep-up reefs and quick step reefs. The study also reveals that different platform margin reef complexes have different internal structures and distributions, because of the different platform types. These results may be applied to the exploration and prediction of carbonate platform margin reef complexes in other areas that are similar to the study area.展开更多
Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) is one of the most important greenhouse gases;its concentration and distribution have important implications on climate change. The El Ni?o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is th...Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) is one of the most important greenhouse gases;its concentration and distribution have important implications on climate change. The El Ni?o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the Earth’s strongest climate fluctuation on inter-annual time scales and has global impacts. However, to date, there is no research on how ENSO affects the spatial distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. In this study, we used spatial CO<sub>2</sub> data from the ENVIronmentSATellite (ENVISAT) and the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), the long duration monthly mean atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> from Mauna Loa Observatory, Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) from Earth System Research Laboratory to analyze the way that ENSO affects spatial distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in South America, which is affected by ENSO seriously. Our research revealed that monthly CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate has a moderate, positive correlation relationship with MEI. We used geostatistics to predict and simulate the spatial distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> and found that in south of 12°S, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration of ENSO warm episode is lower than the one of ENSO cold and neutral episodes. ENSO impacts CO<sub>2</sub> spatial distribution mainly in November, December, January and February;moderate-high concentration zone of ENSO warm episode more concentrates in the northern part of South America.展开更多
The Dutch have been the world tallest since the 1980s but plateaued in height for the past few decades. A century and a half ago, young men at 20 in the Netherlands were 165 cm in mean height, as tall as men in France...The Dutch have been the world tallest since the 1980s but plateaued in height for the past few decades. A century and a half ago, young men at 20 in the Netherlands were 165 cm in mean height, as tall as men in France and Portugal. They grew to 178 cm, as tall as Norwegian in 1960</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> and 183 cm in mean height in the 1990s and levelled off. It is most likely that the Dutch may have nearly attained genetic potential as a human being. </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">The </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">statue is a net measure that captures the supply of inputs to health. Based on the changes in <i>per capita</i> supply of protein from animal products, FAOSTAT, the Dutch seem <span>to have reached the highest level in <i>per capita</i> supply of animal protein.</span> In<span>creases in </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">supply of protein, however, do not result in increasing human</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> height, if consumption of other “essential nutrients” is insufficient (Blum, 2013;Mori, 2018)</span></span></span><span><span><span>[1][2]</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">. With the close case studies of Japan and South Korea in respect of food consumption specifically by children in growing ages, the author sus<span>pects that children in the Netherlands may have been insufficient in </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">the</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">supply <span>of vegetables, “essential nutrients” on the top of animal products.展开更多
珊瑚生长率是珊瑚古气候研究的重要指标,其反映珊瑚生长快慢,并提供高分辨率的海水表层温度变化信息。中全新世作为当前全球变暖的地质历史相似型,利用珊瑚生长率重建该时期的气候环境状况对于理解现代气候变化的过程及其机制具有重要...珊瑚生长率是珊瑚古气候研究的重要指标,其反映珊瑚生长快慢,并提供高分辨率的海水表层温度变化信息。中全新世作为当前全球变暖的地质历史相似型,利用珊瑚生长率重建该时期的气候环境状况对于理解现代气候变化的过程及其机制具有重要的参考价值。文章对采自海南潭门珊瑚岸礁的23段中全新世(6143—4356 a BP)滨珊瑚进行生长率分析,并基于该区域现代(2005—2021 AD)滨珊瑚生长率与SST的关系重建了中全新世期间共406 a的年均SST序列。结果显示:1)中全新世滨珊瑚生长率的变化范围为0.607~1.670 cm/a,均值为1.079 cm/a,且存在明显的波动变化过程;2)基于生长率重建的中全新世平均SST为25.7±0.54℃,这与全球变暖程度加剧背景下的现代海温相近;中全新世年均SST的变化范围为24.7~26.8℃,其中5860、5660和5160 a BP为3个显著的低温期;3)对比现代与中全新世(5427—5394、5243—5209、4515—4456和4404—4356 a BP)珊瑚生长率的频谱周期,发现现代与中全新世珊瑚的生长率均存在显著的3~7 a ENSO周期,但中全新世ENSO主周期改变且频率显著降低,表明中全新世的ENSO活动总体偏弱;概率密度函数统计进一步显示中全新世期间ENSO变率存在逐渐增强的趋势。展开更多
基金This study was supported by the 973 Project No.G2000078500,863 Project No.2001AA630509-2,NSFC Project No.4O232021,30170189 and 4017603
文摘Prochlorococcus is the dominant population of the autotrophs in the oceanic area in theSouth China Sea; and contributes significantly to picoplanktonic (【2μm) carbon biomass. However, thereis no availabe data on its growth the and productivity so far. In the present study, the in situ populationgrowth rate of Prochlorococus at the chlorophyll maximum layer at 6 .3°N, 110°E in the South China
文摘The paper compares the height growth velocities of male schoolchildren in South Korea and Japan over the period 1961-2018. Growth in height was measured with the same birth cohorts, not by comparing mean height of ascending ages in the same year. Starting from a lower economic base and mean height in the 1960s, high school males aged 17 in South Korea became 3 cm taller in mean height than their Japanese peers in the mid-2000s versus 2 - 3 cm shorter in the 1960s through 1970s. Children in Japan ceased to grow taller by the end of the 1980s, not because they quit taking more animal-sourced foods, meat and milk, but because they had drastically steered away from fruit and vegetables in their diets since the end of the 1970s. Having largely converged economically with Japan, South Korean children ceased to grow any taller in the mid-2000s. More importantly, it was discovered in this study that successive cohorts in South Korea started to fall gradually but steadily in height growth velocity from 1<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">st</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> graders in middle school, aged 12 years to 3</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">rd</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> graders in high school, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aged 17 years, to be once again 3 cm below their Japanese peers in the early-2010s. Analysis of Korea Household Expenditure Surveys classified by age groups of household head, decomposed by the author, revealed that children under 20 years of age in South Korea began to steer away from fruit and, particularly, vegetables in their at-home consumption in the mid-1990s, to average only 15% of the level of older adults in their 50s in the mid-2010s. These results lend supports to the importance of fruit and vegetables as determinants in height and its growth velocities in two genetically similar nations over time and stages of economic growth.</span>
基金The National Science and Technology Major Project of China under contract No.2011ZX05025-002-02the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41202086+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41102068China Postdoctoral Science Special Fund under contract No.201003654the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)under contract No.CUGL100252the Young Scholars Development Fund of SWPU under contract No.201599010078
文摘As a potential oil and gas reservoir, reef complexes have been a research focus from petroleum geologists for a long time. There are favorable conditions for the development of reef complexes in the South China Sea; however, their internal structures, evolution and distribution are still poorly understood. Based on 2D and 3D seismic data, the internal structures and evolution patterns of the reef complexes on the carbonate platform margin in the deep water areas over the western South China Sea were studied in detail. The result shows that two types of reef complexes, i.e., fault controlling platform margin reef complexes and ramp reef complexes have been developed in the study area. The reef complexes have independent or continuous mound or lenticular seismic reflections, with three internal structures (i.e., aggrading, prograding and retrograding structures). There are different growth rates during the evolution of the reef complexes, resulting in the formation of catch-up reefs, keep-up reefs and quick step reefs. The study also reveals that different platform margin reef complexes have different internal structures and distributions, because of the different platform types. These results may be applied to the exploration and prediction of carbonate platform margin reef complexes in other areas that are similar to the study area.
文摘Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) is one of the most important greenhouse gases;its concentration and distribution have important implications on climate change. The El Ni?o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the Earth’s strongest climate fluctuation on inter-annual time scales and has global impacts. However, to date, there is no research on how ENSO affects the spatial distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. In this study, we used spatial CO<sub>2</sub> data from the ENVIronmentSATellite (ENVISAT) and the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), the long duration monthly mean atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> from Mauna Loa Observatory, Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) from Earth System Research Laboratory to analyze the way that ENSO affects spatial distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in South America, which is affected by ENSO seriously. Our research revealed that monthly CO<sub>2</sub> growth rate has a moderate, positive correlation relationship with MEI. We used geostatistics to predict and simulate the spatial distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> and found that in south of 12°S, CO<sub>2</sub> concentration of ENSO warm episode is lower than the one of ENSO cold and neutral episodes. ENSO impacts CO<sub>2</sub> spatial distribution mainly in November, December, January and February;moderate-high concentration zone of ENSO warm episode more concentrates in the northern part of South America.
文摘The Dutch have been the world tallest since the 1980s but plateaued in height for the past few decades. A century and a half ago, young men at 20 in the Netherlands were 165 cm in mean height, as tall as men in France and Portugal. They grew to 178 cm, as tall as Norwegian in 1960</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> and 183 cm in mean height in the 1990s and levelled off. It is most likely that the Dutch may have nearly attained genetic potential as a human being. </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">The </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">statue is a net measure that captures the supply of inputs to health. Based on the changes in <i>per capita</i> supply of protein from animal products, FAOSTAT, the Dutch seem <span>to have reached the highest level in <i>per capita</i> supply of animal protein.</span> In<span>creases in </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">supply of protein, however, do not result in increasing human</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> height, if consumption of other “essential nutrients” is insufficient (Blum, 2013;Mori, 2018)</span></span></span><span><span><span>[1][2]</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">. With the close case studies of Japan and South Korea in respect of food consumption specifically by children in growing ages, the author sus<span>pects that children in the Netherlands may have been insufficient in </span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">the</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">supply <span>of vegetables, “essential nutrients” on the top of animal products.
文摘珊瑚生长率是珊瑚古气候研究的重要指标,其反映珊瑚生长快慢,并提供高分辨率的海水表层温度变化信息。中全新世作为当前全球变暖的地质历史相似型,利用珊瑚生长率重建该时期的气候环境状况对于理解现代气候变化的过程及其机制具有重要的参考价值。文章对采自海南潭门珊瑚岸礁的23段中全新世(6143—4356 a BP)滨珊瑚进行生长率分析,并基于该区域现代(2005—2021 AD)滨珊瑚生长率与SST的关系重建了中全新世期间共406 a的年均SST序列。结果显示:1)中全新世滨珊瑚生长率的变化范围为0.607~1.670 cm/a,均值为1.079 cm/a,且存在明显的波动变化过程;2)基于生长率重建的中全新世平均SST为25.7±0.54℃,这与全球变暖程度加剧背景下的现代海温相近;中全新世年均SST的变化范围为24.7~26.8℃,其中5860、5660和5160 a BP为3个显著的低温期;3)对比现代与中全新世(5427—5394、5243—5209、4515—4456和4404—4356 a BP)珊瑚生长率的频谱周期,发现现代与中全新世珊瑚的生长率均存在显著的3~7 a ENSO周期,但中全新世ENSO主周期改变且频率显著降低,表明中全新世的ENSO活动总体偏弱;概率密度函数统计进一步显示中全新世期间ENSO变率存在逐渐增强的趋势。