Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression level and combined positive score can evaluate efficacy of advanced gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Although treatment options for gastric cancer(GC)continue to advance,the overall prognosis for patients with GC remains poor.At present,the predictors of treatment efficacy remain controversial except for high microsatellite instability.AIM To develop methods to identify groups of patients with GC who would benefit the most from receiving the combination of a programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)inhibitor and chemotherapy.METHODS We acquired data from 63 patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-negative GC with a histological diagnosis of GC at the Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between November 2020 and October 2022.All of the patients screened received a PD-1 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy as the first-line treatment.RESULTS As of July 1,2023,the objective response rate was 61.9%,and the disease control rate was 96.8%.The median progression-free survival(mPFS)for all patients was 6.3 months.The median overall survival was not achieved.Survival analysis showed that patients with a combined positive score(CPS)≥1 exhibited an extended trend in progression-free survival(PFS)when compared to patients with a CPS of 0 after receiving a PD-1 inhibitor combined with oxaliplatin and tegafur as the first-line treatment.PFS exhibited a trend for prolongation as the expression level of HER2 increased.Based on PFS,we divided patients into two groups:A treatment group with excellent efficacy and a treatment group with poor efficacy.The mPFS of the excellent efficacy group was 8 months,with a mPFS of 9.1 months after excluding a cohort of patients who received interrupted therapy due to surgery.The mPFS was 4.5 months in patients in the group with poor efficacy who did not receive surgery.Using good/poor efficacy as the endpoint of our study,univariate analysis revealed that both CPS score(P=0.004)and HER2 expression level(P=0.015)were both factors that exerted significant influence on the efficacy of treatment the combination of a PD-1 inhibitor and chemotherapy in patients with advanced GC(AGC).Finally,multivariate analysis confirmed that CPS score was a significant influencing factor.CONCLUSION CPS score and HER2 expression both impacted the efficacy of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in AGC patients who were non-positive for HER2.

Expression of c-erbB-2 oncogene protein, epidermal growth factor receptor, and TGF-β1 in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Objective: To detect the relations of c-erbB-2 onco-gene protein, epidermal growth factor receptor (EG-FR) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)to the progression or metastasis of pancreatic carci-noma.Methods: Using streptavidinbiotin complex (SABC)method, c-erbB-2 oncongene protein, we examinedimmunohistochemically EGFR and TGF-β1 expres-sions in wax-tissue sections from 10 individuals withnormal pancreas (NP), 13 patients with chronic pan-creatitis (CP) and 36 patients with pancreatic ductaladenocarcinoma (PC).Results: The positive expression rates of c-cerbB-2oncogene protein, EGFR and TGF-β1 in the NP, CPand PC groups were 0, 0, 10%; 7.7%, 7.7%,7.7%; and 41.7%, 50.0%, 44.4%, respectively.The positive expression rates of the three specific pro-teins increased more significantly in the PC groupthan in the NP and CP groups (P【0.05). The indi-vidual expression of c-erbB-2, EGFR and TGF-β1was not related to the age and sex of the patients aswell as the site, size and histopathological grade oftumors (P】0.05), but to the clinical stage of tumors(P【0.01). The coexpression rate of the three pro-teins was 27.8 % (10/36). This coexpression in thePC group was correlated with the histopathologicalgrades and clinical stages of tumors (P【0.01).Conclusion: Detection of c-erbB-2 oncogene protein,EGFR, and TGF-β1 expressions in pancreatic tissueis helpful to judge the malignancy, progression, andmetastasis of PC.

Correlation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in gastric cancer

AIM:To investigate human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2) gene amplification and protein expression in Chinese patients with resectable gastric cancer and the association with clinicopathological characteristics and survival.METHODS:One hundred and ninety-seven gastric cancer patients who underwent curative surgery procedures were enrolled into this study.HER2 gene amplification and protein expression were examined using fluorescence in-situ hybridization(FISH) and immunohistochemistry(IHC) analysis on formalin-fixed paraffinembedded gastric cancer samples from all patients.For scoring,Hofmann's HER2 gastric cancer scoring system was adopted.All cases showing IHC3+ or FISH positiv-ity were defined as HER2 positive.Patient clinicopathological data and survival information were collected.Finally,χ 2 statistical analysis was performed to analyze the HER2 positivity rate amongst the subgroups with different clinicopathological characteristics including;gender,age,tumor location,Lauren classification,differentiation,TNM staging,depth of invasion,lymph node metastases and distant metastasis.The probability of survival for different subgroups with different clinicopathological characteristics was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and survival curves plotted using log rank inspection.RESULTS:According to Hofmann's HER2 gastric cancer scoring criteria,31 cases(15.74%) were identified as HER2 gene amplified and 19 cases(9.64%) were scored as strongly positive for HER2 membrane staining(3+),25 cases(12.69%) were moderately positive(2+) and 153 cases(77.66%) were HER2 negative(0/1+).The concordance rate between IHC and FISH analyses was 88.83%(175/197).Thirty-six cases were defined as positive for HER2 gene amplification and/or protein expression,with 24 of these cases being eligible for Herceptin treatment according to United States recommendations,and 29 of these cases eligible according to EU recommendations.Highly consistent results were detected between IHC3+,IHC0/1 and FISH(73.68% and 95.42%),but low consistency was observed between IHC2+ and FISH(40.00%).The positivity rates in intestinal type and well-differentiated gastric cancer were higher than those in diffuse/mixed type and poorly-differentiated gastric cancer respectively(28.57% vs 13.43%,P = 0.0103;37.25% vs 11.64%,P < 0.0001),but were not correlated with gender,age,tumor location or TNM stage,depth of invasion,lymph node metastases and distant metastasis.In poorly-differentiated gastric cancer patients,those without lymph node metastasis showed a higher HER2 positivity rate than those with lymph node metastasis(26.47% vs 7.14%,P = 0.0021).This association was not present in thosepatients with well-differentiated gastric cancer(28.57% vs 43.33%,P = 0.2832).Within our patient cohort,26 cases were lost to follow-up.The median survival time for the remaining 171 patients was 18 mo.The median survival times of the HER2 positive and negative groups were 17 and 18.5 mo respectively.Overall survival was not significantly different between HER2-positive and negative groups(χ 2 = 0.9157,P = 0.3386),but in patients presenting well-differentiated tumors,the overall survival of the HER2-positive group was significantly worse than that of the HER2-negative group(P = 0.0123).In contrast,patients with poorly differentiated and diffuse/mixed subtype gastric cancers showed no significant differences in overall survival associated with HER2.Furthermore,the median survival time of the HER2 positive group did not show any statistically significant differences when compared to the subgroups of gender,age,tumor location,TNM classification,lymph node metastases and distant metastasis.CONCLUSION:Patients with intestinal type gastric cancer(GC),well-differentiated GC and poorly-differentiated GC without lymph node metastasis,may all represent suitable candidates for targeted therapy using Herceptin.

Epidermal growth factor receptor and K-Ras in non-small cell lung cancer-molecular pathways involved and targeted therapies

Lung cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer death in Western nations.Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)represents 80%of all lung cancers,and adenocarcinoma is the predominant histological type.Despite the intensive research carried out on this field and therapeutic advances,the overall prognosis of these patients remains unsatisfactory,with a 5-year overall survival rate of less than 15%.Nowadays,pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics represent the key to successful treatment.Recent studies suggest the existence of two distinct molecular pathways in the carcinogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma:one associated with smoking and activation of the K-Ras oncogene and the other not associated with smoking and activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR).The K-ras mutation is mainly responsible for primary resistance to new molecules which inhibit tyrosine kinase EGFR(erlotinib and gefitinib)and most of the EGFR mutations are responsible for increased tumor sensitivity to these drugs.This article aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding the molecular pathways involving the EGFR,K-Ras and EGFR targeted therapies in NSCLC tumor behavior.

Transforming growth factor-β and toll-like receptor-4 polymorphisms are not associated with fibrosis in haemochromatosis

AIM:To investigate the role of genetic polymorphisms in the progression of hepatic fibrosis in hereditary haemochromatosis.METHODS:A cohort of 245 well-characterised C282Y homozygous patients with haemochromatosis was studied,with all subjects having liver biopsy data and DNA available for testing.This study assessed the association of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in a total of six genes including toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β),oxoguanine DNA glycosylase,monocyte chemoattractant protein 1,chemokine C-C motif receptor 2 and interleukin-10 with liver disease severity.Genotyping was performed using high resolution melt analysis and sequencing.The results were analysed in relation to the stage of hepatic fibrosis in multivariate analysis incorporating other cofactors including alcohol consumption and hepatic iron concentration.RESULTS:There were significant associations between the cofactors of male gender(P=0.0001),increasing age(P=0.006),alcohol consumption(P=0.0001),steatosis(P=0.03),hepatic iron concentration(P<0.0001)and the presence of hepatic fibrosis.Of the candidate gene polymorphisms studied,none showed a significant association with hepatic fibrosis in univariate or multivariate analysis incorporating cofactors.We also specifically studied patients with hepatic iron loading above threshold levels for cirrhosis and compared the genetic polymorphisms between those with no fibrosis vs cirrhosis however there was no significant effect from any of the candidate genes studied.Importantly,in this large,well characterised cohort of patients there was no association between SNPs for TGF-βor TLR4and the presence of fibrosis,cirrhosis or increasing fibrosis stage in multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION:In our large,well characterised group of haemochromatosis subjects we did not demonstrate any relationship between candidate gene polymorphisms and hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis.

Association of hepatocyte-derived growth factor receptor/caudal type homeobox 2 co-expression with mucosal regeneration in active ulcerative colitis

AIM:To characterize the regeneration-associated stem cell-related phenotype of hepatocyte-derived growth factor receptor(HGFR)-expressing cells in active ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS:On the whole 38 peripheral blood samples and 38 colonic biopsy samples from 18 patients with histologically proven active UC and 20 healthy control subjects were collected.After preparing tissue microarrays and blood smears HGFR,caudal type homeobox 2(CDX2),prominin-1(CD133) and Musashi-1conventional and double fluorescent immunolabelings were performed.Immunostained samples were digitalized using high-resolution Mirax Desk instrument,and analyzed with the Mirax TMA Module software.For semiquantitative counting of immunopositive lamina propria(LP) cells 5 fields of view were counted at magnification x 200 in each sample core,then mean ± SD were determined.In case of peripheral blood smears,30 fields of view with 100 μm diameter were evaluated in every sample and the number of immunopositive cells(mean ± SD) was determined.Using 337 nm UVA Laser MicroDissection system at least 5000 subepithelial cells from the lamina propria were collected.Gene expression analysis of HGFR,CDX2,CD133,leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5(Lgr5),Musashi-1 and cytokeratin20(CK20) were performed in both laser-microdisscted samples and blood samples by using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).RESULTS:By performing conventional and double fluorescent immunolabelings confirmed by RT-PCR,higher number of HGFR(blood:6.7 ± 1.22 vs 38.5 ±3.18;LP:2.25 ± 0.85 vs 9.22 ± 0.65;P < 0.05),CDX2(blood:0 vs 0.94 ± 0.64;LP:0.75 ± 0.55 vs 2.11± 0.75;P < 0.05),CD133(blood:1.1 ± 0.72 vs 8.3± 1.08;LP:11.1 ± 0.85 vs 26.28 ± 1.71;P < 0.05)and Musashi-1(blood and LP:0 vs scattered) positive cells were detected in blood and lamina propria of UC samples as compared to controls.HGFR/CDX2(blood:0 vs 1± 0.59;LP:0.8 ± 0.69 vs 2.06 ± 0.72,P < 0.05)and Musashi-1/CDX2(blood and LP:0 vs scattered) coexpressions were found in blood and lamina propria of UC samples.HGFR/CD133 and CD133/CDX2 coexpressions appeared only in UC lamina propria samples.CDX2,Lgr5 and Musashi-1 expressions in UC blood samples were not accompanied by CK20 mRNA expression.CONCLUSION:In active UC,a portion of circulating HGFR-expressing cells are committed to the epithelial lineage,and may participate in mucosal regeneration by undergoing mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 inhibits IGF-1-induced proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

OBJECTIVE Basic fibroblast growth factor(b FGF)and platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)produced by hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cells are responsible for the cell growth.Accumulating evidence shows that insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3(IGFBP-3)suppresses HCC cell proliferation in both IGF-dependent and independent manners.The present study is to investigate whether treatment with exogenous IGFBP-3 inhibits bF GF and PDGF production and the cell proliferation of HCC cells.METHODS Cell Counting Kit 8 assay were designed to detect HCC cell proliferation,transcription factor early growth response-1(EGR1)involving in IGFBP-3 regulation of b FGF and PDGF were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot assays.Western blot assay was adopted to detect the IGFBP-3 regulating insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF-1R)signaling pathway.RESULTS The present study demonstrates that IGFBP-3 suppressed IGF-1-induced b FGF and PDGF expression while it does not affect their expression in the absence of IGF-1.To delineate the underlying mechanism,Western-blot and RT-PCR assays confirmed that the transcription factor early growth response protein 1(EGR1)is involved in IGFBP-3 regulation of b FGF and PDGF.IGFBP-3 inhibition of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor(IGF1R),ERK and AKT activation is IGF-1-dependent.Furthermore,transient transfection with constitutively activated AKT or MEK partially blocks the IGFBP-3 inhibition of EGR1,b FGF and PDGF expression.CONCLUSION In conclusion,these findings suggest that IGFBP-3suppresses transcription of EGR1 and its target genes b FGF and PDGF through inhibiting IGF-1-dependent ERK and AKT activation.It demonstrates the importance of IGFBP-3 in the regulation of HCC cell proliferation,suggesting that IGFBP-3 could be a target for the treatment of HCC.

基于心功能及IGFBP7、sST2、CGRP、ET分析沙库巴曲缬沙坦在治疗冠心病合并慢性心力衰竭中的应用效果

目的 分析冠心病(CHD)合并慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者应用沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗的效果。方法 选择2020年1月至2023年1月邯郸市第四医院收治的86例CHD合并CHF患者,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组和试验组各43例。两组CHD治疗均应用硝酸酯类、他汀类及抗血小板药物,对照组CHF治疗应用坎地沙坦酯片、醛固酮受体拮抗剂及β受体阻滞剂,试验组治疗则将对照组中的坎地沙坦酯片替换为沙库巴曲缬沙坦钠片。比较两组疗效、不良反应、心功能指标[左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、6min步行距离(6 MWD)]、心室重构指标[Ⅲ型胶原前肽(PⅢP)、层粘蛋白(LN)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)]、心肌损伤和血管内皮功能相关指标[胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白7(IGFBP7)、可溶性生长刺激表达基因2(sST2)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、内皮素(ET)]。结果与对照组比,试验组治疗3个月后的总有效率更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗3个月后的LVFS、LVEF、6 MWD、IGFBP7、CGRP与治疗前比升高,且试验组与对照组比更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PⅢP、LN、MMP-9、sST2、ET降低,试验组与对照组比更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 沙库巴曲缬沙坦可有效调节CHD合并CHF患者IGFBP7、sST2、CGRP、ET,改善血管内皮功能、心肌损伤、心室重构及心功能,进而可提高疗效,且具有良好的安全性。

表皮生长因子蛛毒素受体7次跨膜结构域1通过血管内皮生长因子信号通路调控胃癌迁移的机制研究

目的探究表皮生长因子蛛毒素受体7次跨膜结构域1(ADGRL4)通过血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)信号通路调控胃癌迁移的机制。方法将正常胃黏膜上皮细胞GES⁃1、胃癌细胞SGC⁃7901、HGC⁃27、Hs⁃746T传代培养后,检测ADGRL4表达量。将胃癌SGC⁃7901细胞分为对照组、过表达组、沉默组。对照组转染空载体,过表达组转染ADGRL4上调质粒,沉默组转染ADGRL4沉默质粒。分析并比较3组胃癌细胞侵袭、迁移数及VEGF信号通路蛋白表达量。结果与正常胃黏膜上皮细胞GES⁃1比较,胃癌细胞SGC⁃7901、HGC⁃27、Hs⁃746T中ADGRL4表达量均上升(P<0.05);与胃癌细胞HGC⁃27、Hs⁃746T比较,胃癌细胞SGC⁃7901中ADGRL4表达量较高(P<0.05),故选择SGC⁃7901进行后续实验。与对照组比较,过表达组ADGRL4表达量上升,沉默组ADGRL4表达量下降(P<0.05);与过表达组比较,沉默组ADGRL4表达量下降(P<0.05),说明ADGRL4转染成功。与对照组比较,过表达组细胞侵袭数、迁移数、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)⁃2、MMP⁃9、VEGF、血管内皮生长因子受体⁃2(VEGFR⁃2)表达量上升,E⁃钙黏蛋白(E⁃cadherin)表达量下降,沉默组细胞侵袭数、迁移数、MMP⁃2、MMP⁃9、VEGF、VEGFR⁃2表达量下降,E⁃cadherin表达量上升(P<0.05);与过表达组比较,沉默组细胞侵袭数、迁移数、MMP⁃2、MMP⁃9、VEGF、VEGFR⁃2表达量下降,E⁃cadherin表达量上升(P<0.05)。结论胃癌细胞经下调ADGRL4干预后,侵袭、迁移数减少,迁移、侵袭相关蛋白表达量得到调节,其机制可能与VEGF通路受到抑制有关。

miRNA-27a与TOP2A蛋白在乳腺癌化疗中的表达水平及效能评估

目的探析微核糖核酸-27a(microRNA-27a,miRNA-27a)与DNA拓扑异构酶Ⅱα(TopoisomeraseⅡ-Alpha,TOP2A)蛋白在乳腺癌化疗中的表达水平及预测效能。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年1月聊城市人民医院乳甲外科收治的47例乳腺癌患者的病案资料,均接受化疗治疗。用实时荧光定量PCR法进行血浆miRNA-27a表达水平的检测,用免疫组织化学法进行TOP2A蛋白表达情况的检测。比较乳腺癌患者化疗前后的miRNA-27a、TOP2A蛋白表达水平差异,采用Logistic回归分析法探析miRNA-27a、TOP2A蛋白与乳腺癌化疗预后不良的关系,绘制受试者工作特征(Receiver Operating Characteristic,ROC)曲线分析miRNA-27a、TOP2A蛋白在乳腺癌化疗疗效预测中的应用价值。结果47例患者开始化疗后第4个月的miRNA-27a、TOP2A蛋白检测值显著低于化疗前(入院时)(P<0.05)。开始化疗后第4个月,预后良好35例(74.47%),预后不良12例(25.53%),预后良好组的miRNA-27a、TOP2A蛋白检测值低于预后不良组。Logistic分析结果显示,miRNA-27a、TOP2A蛋白高表达是乳腺癌化疗预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,miRNA-27a、TOP2A蛋白联合预测乳腺癌化疗预后不良的曲线下面积(0.875,95%CI:0.798~0.952)最大,敏感度、特异性分别为91.67%、94.29%(P<0.05)。结论miRNA-27a、TOP2A蛋白在乳腺癌化疗预后不良中呈高表达,若乳腺癌化疗患者miRNA-27a、TOP2A蛋白表达水平显著上升,侧面说明患者病情可能有恶化风险,化疗疗效有限。

A型肉毒毒素防治额部外伤瘢痕的美学效果及对血清TGF-β_(1)、BMP-7水平的影响

目的:探讨A型肉毒毒素防治额部外伤瘢痕的美学效果及对血清TGF-β_(1)、BMP-7水平的影响。方法:选取2020年7月-2022年10月笔者医院收治的84例额部外伤患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各42例。对照组采用清创美容缝合联合外用硅凝胶制剂防治瘢痕;观察组采用美容缝合拆线后伤口两侧注射A型肉毒毒素防治瘢痕。拆线后3个月,统计比较两组瘢痕临床防治有效率、瘢痕评分[温哥华瘢痕量表(Vancouver scar scale,VSS)]、瘢痕疼痛或瘙痒程度评分[视觉模拟评分法(Visual analogue scale,VAS)]、患者满意度、血清转化生长因子β_(1)(Transforming growth factor-β_(1),TGF-β_(1))和骨成型蛋白7(Recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 7,BMP-7)水平及不良反应。结果:观察组VSS评分、瘢痕疼痛或瘙痒程度VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组瘢痕临床防治有效率为90.47%,高于对照组的69.04%(P<0.05);观察组患者满意度高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组TGF-β_(1)水平低于对照组,BMP-7水平高于对照组(P<0.05);两组均未发生严重不良反应。结论:额部软组织外伤患者美容缝合拆线后伤口两侧注射A型肉毒毒素可抑制瘢痕形成,有效提升瘢痕防治有效率及患者满意度,其临床效果可能与调控血清TGF-β_(1)和BMP-7水平有关,且安全性较高,具有一定的临床应用价值。

Identification of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on hippocampal astrocytes cultured in vitro and its role on inflammatory mediator secretion

The present study found expressions of a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on hippocampal slices and hippocampal astrocytes using double immunofluorescence stainings. Expression of glial fibdllary acidic protein in the cultured hippocampal slices and hippocampal astrocytes significantly increased, and levels of macrophage inflammatory protein la, RANTES, interleukin-1β, intedeukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α increased in the supernatant of cultured astrocytes following exposure to 200 nM amyloid 13 protein 1-42. Preconditioning of 10 μM nicotine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, could attenuate the influence of amyloid β protein 1-42 in inflammatory mediator secretion of cultured astrocytes. Experimental findings indicated that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was expressed on the surface of hippocampal astrocytes, and activated a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was shown to inhibit inflammation induced by amyloid β protein 1-42.

Effects of exogenous recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-7 on the corneal epithelial mesenchymal transition and fibrosis

AIM：To evaluate the effect of exogenous recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-7（rhBMP-7）on transforming growth factor-β（TGF-β）-induced epithelial mesenchymal cell transition（EMT）and assessed its antifibrotic effect via topical application.METHODS：The cytotoxic effect of rhBMP-7 was evaluated and the EMT of human corneal epithelial cells（HECEs）was induced by TGF-β. HECEs were then cultured in the presence of rhBMP-7 and/or hyaluronic acid（HA）. EMT markers,fibronectin,E-cadherin,α-smooth muscle actin（α-SMA）,and matrix metaloproteinase-9（MMP-9）,were evaluated. The level of corneal fibrosis and the reepithelization rate were evaluated using a rabbit keratectomy model. Expression of α-SMA in keratocytes were quantified following treatment with different concentrations of rhBMP-7.RESULTS：Treatment with rhBMP-7 attenuated TGF-β-induced EMT in HECEs. It significantly attenuated fibronectin secretion（31.6%; P〈0.05）,the α-SMA protein level（72.2%; P〈0.01）,and MMP-9 expression（23.6%,P〈0.05）in HECEs compared with cells grown in the presence of TGF-β alone. E-cadherin expression was significantly enhanced（289.7%; P〈0.01）in the presence of rhBMP-7. Topical application of rhBMP-7 combined with 0.1% HA significantly reduced the amount of α-SMA~＋ cells by 43.18%（P〈0.05）at a concentration of 2.5 μg/mL and by 47.73%（P〈0.05）at 25 μg/mL,compared with the control group,without disturbing corneal reepithelization.CONCLUSION：rhBMP-7 attenuates TGF-β-induced EMT in vitro,and topical application of rhBMP-7 reduces keratocyte myodifferentiation during the early wound healing stages in vivo without hindering reepithelization. Topical rhBMP-7 application as biological eye drops seems to be feasible in diseases involving TGF-β-related corneal fibrosis with corneal reepithelization disorders.

胃癌患者病灶组织CK7、HER2、MLH1、MSH2及MSH6的表达变化研究

目的:探究胃癌患者病灶组织角蛋白7(CK7)、人表皮生长因子受体-2(HER2)、错配修复蛋白MutL同源物1(MLH1)、错配修复蛋白MutS同源物2(MSH2)及错配修复蛋白MutS同源物6(MSH6)的表达变化情况。方法:选取2020年2月—2023年1月苏州市相城人民医院收治的120例胃癌患者为研究对象,比较病灶组织及癌旁组织的CK7、HER2、MLH1、MSH2及MSH6的表达情况,并比较不同性别、年龄、TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移情况及病灶位置者的病灶组织CK7、HER2、MLH1、MSH2及MSH6表达情况。结果:胃癌患者病灶组织CK7、HER2阳性率及MLH1、MSH2、MSH6表达缺失率显著高于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别、年龄及病灶位置病灶组织的CK7、HER2、MLH1、MSH2及MSH6表达比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期病灶组织CK7、HER2阳性率高于Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期,MLH1、MSH2、MSH6表达缺失率均显著低于Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。分化程度较低者病灶组织的CK7、HER2阳性率显著高于分化程度较高者,MLH1、MSH2及MSH6表达缺失率显著低于于分化程度较高者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有淋巴结转移者CK7、HER2阳性率显著高于无淋巴结转移者,MLH1、MSH2及MSH6表达缺失率显著低于无淋巴结转移者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胃癌患者病灶组织的CK7、HER2、MLH1、MSH2及MSH6的表达相对异常,且不同TNM分期、分化程度及淋巴结转移情况者的差异较大。

血清IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7与SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型食管胃结合部腺癌患者临床病理参数和预后的关系

目的分析血清胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白(IGFBP)-1、IGFBP-7与SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型食管胃结合部腺癌(AEG)患者临床病理参数和预后的关系。方法选取2019年1月至2020年11月山东省聊城市第二人民医院收治的264例SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者作为AEG组,另选取同期在山东省聊城市第二人民医院体检中心体检的112例健康志愿者作为对照组。检测所有研究对象的血清IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7水平并统计AEG患者的临床病理参数。随访患者3年生存情况,根据生存情况将患者分为死亡组和存活组。以IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7的均值界限将患者分为高水平IGFBP-1组、低水平IGFBP-1组、高水平IGFBP-7组、低水平IGFBP-7组。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7水平与SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者预后的关系。采用多因素Logistic回归分析SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者死亡的危险因素。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7对SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者死亡的预测价值。结果AEG组血清IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肿瘤最大径≥4 cm、低中分化患者血清IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7水平分别低于肿瘤最大径<4 cm、高分化患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访期间死亡75例,存活189例。高水平IGFBP-1组、低水平IGFBP-1组、高水平IGFBP-7组、低水平IGFBP-7组患者分别有129、135、136、128例。低水平IGFBP-1组3年生存率为59.26%,低于高水平IGFBP-1组的81.40%(P=0.017)。低水平IGFBP-7组3年生存率为57.81%,低于高水平IGFBP-7组的81.26%(P=0.011)。死亡组低中分化、淋巴管侵犯、壁外血管侵犯患者比例高于存活组,血清IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7水平低于存活组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,低中分化程度、淋巴管侵犯、IGFBP-1水平降低、IGFBP-7水平降低是SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者死亡的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7单独及2项指标联合预测SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者死亡的曲线下面积分别为0.741、0.722、0.786。结论SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者血清IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7水平显著降低,与肿瘤最大径、分化程度有关。低水平IGFBP-1、IGFBP-7与SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者死亡有关。血清IGFBP-1联合IGFBP-7对SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型AEG患者死亡的预测价值较高。

ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF HUMAN IFN-γ-EGF_3 FUSION PROTEIN ARE RELATED TO ITS EGF RECEPTOR COMPETITION

The relationship between antiproliferative effect of human IFN γ EGF 3 fusion protein and the influence of EGF receptor binding activity has been studied on A431 cell line. Antiproliferative activity of human IFN γ EGF 3 was higher than that of its parent IFN γ. In the 125 I EGF receptor competition experiment, the inhibition of EGF receptor binding capacity on the target cells was observed in the treatments of human IFN γ or IFN γ EGF 3, but the later was more significant. Our data suggests that the antiproliferative effects by IFN γ and its fusion protein are closely related to their EGF receptor competitions.

Single Chain Fragment Variables Antibody binding to EGF Receptor in the Surface of MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Line: Application and Production Review

In this review, single-chain fragment variable construction using phage-display technology as a promising anticancer immunotherapy technology is described. Cloning and the specific bio-panning selection with phage display technology, as well as the use of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at the surface of MCF-7 cells as the antigen for the straightforward specific selection of single chain Fvs, are discussed. Moreover, phage display technologies and their application are important for vaccine production and immunotherapy against viruses and cancers. Furthermore, expression of the gene will cause the production and expression of the protein in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which can be used to detect anti-cancer single chain fragment variables (scFvs). Finally, homology modelling is described to show the three-dimensional scFv structure that verifies the Complementary-Determining-Regions (CDRs) on the surface of the model.

尿TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积对重症急性胰腺炎相关性急性肾损伤的早期预测价值

目的探究尿基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-2(TIMP-2)与胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白7(IGFBP7)的乘积对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)相关性急性肾损伤(AKI)的早期预测价值。方法选取2018年3月至2021年3月新乡医学院第一附属医院收治的93例SAP患者为研究对象,根据患者是否发生AKI分为AKI组(26例)和非AKI组(67例)。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测患者尿液中TIMP-2和IGFBP7水平;采用多因素logistic回归分析影响SAP患者发生AKI的危险因素;通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析SAP患者急性胰腺炎严重程度床边指数(Bisap)评分、尿液中TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积对发生AKI的预测价值。结果与非AKI组相比,AKI组患者Bisap评分、D-二聚体、降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积均上升,血钙水平降低(P<0.05)。AKI患者尿液TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积随AKI分级增加而上升(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,AKI患者尿液TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积与Bisap评分、D-二聚体、PCT、hs-CRP均呈正相关(P<0.05),与血钙呈负相关(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,Bisap评分、TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积是影响SAP相关性AKI发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,尿液TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积预测SAP患者发生AKI的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.923,高于Bisap评分预测的AUC(P<0.05)。结论SAP相关性AKI患者尿TIMP-2与IGFBP7的乘积异常升高,其高水平是SAP患者发生AKI的危险因素,且对发生AKI具有一定的预测价值。

基于EGFR/MAPK/ERK信号通路探讨鳖甲煎丸对MHCC-97H肝癌细胞皮下瘤的抑瘤作用

目的基于表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factior receptor,EGFR)/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)/细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)信号通路探究鳖甲煎丸对MHCC-97H肝癌细胞皮下瘤的抑瘤作用及作用机制。方法选取30只雄性BLAB/c裸鼠,建立MHCC-97H肝癌细胞皮下瘤模型。造模成功后随机分为模型组,鳖甲煎丸低、中、高剂量组(0.55、1.1、2.2 g/kg),西药组(乐伐替尼4 mg/kg+吉非替尼80 mg/kg),每组6只。鳖甲煎丸低、中、高剂量组灌胃2次/d,西药组每周灌胃5 d,模型组予以等量生理盐水2次/d灌胃,每组连续干预2周。观察大鼠一般情况;计算各组大鼠抑瘤率;HE染色观察病理形态学变化;RT-qPCR检测瘤体组织中EGFR、丝裂原活化蛋白质激酶激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase,MEK)、ERK1、ERK2 mRNA表达水平;Western blot检测EGFR、磷酸化的EGFR(p-EGFR)、MEK、磷酸化的MEK(p-MEK)、ERK1、ERK2、磷酸化的ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)、基质金属蛋白酶-1(matrix metalloproteinase-1,MMP-1)、细胞周期蛋白D1(cell cycle protein D1,Cyclin D1)、神经型钙黏附蛋白(N-cadherin)、上皮型钙黏附蛋白(E-cadherin)相对表达水平。结果与模型组比较,鳖甲煎丸低、中、高剂量组及西药组精神、反应、进食饮水等情况均明显改善。与第0天比较,各组第14天体质量明显降低(P<0.01)。与模型组、鳖甲煎丸低剂量组比较,鳖甲煎丸中、高剂量组和西药组瘤体质量减轻(P<0.05,P<0.01)。鳖甲煎丸低、中、高剂量组和西药组抑瘤率分别为20%、47.73%、55.91%、75.45%。与模型组比较,鳖甲煎丸低、中、高剂量组及西药组肿瘤细胞排列疏松,边界模糊,细胞核固缩、破裂,其中西药组最明显。与模型组比较,鳖甲煎丸低、中、高剂量组和西药组EGFR、MEK、ERK1、ERK2 mRNA表达水平明显下降(P<0.01);与鳖甲煎丸低剂量组比较,鳖甲煎丸高剂量组和西药组EGFR、MEK、ERK1、ERK2 mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.01),鳖甲煎丸中剂量组ERK1 mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.01);与鳖甲煎丸中剂量组比较,西药组EGFR、ERK2 mRNA表达水平降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。与模型组比较,鳖甲煎丸中、高剂量组和西药组p-EGFR/EGFR、p-MEK/MEK、p-ERK1/ERK1、p-ERK2/ERK2、MMP-1、Cyclin D1、N-cadherin蛋白相对表达水平下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),E-cadherin蛋白相对表达水平明显升高(P<0.01)。与鳖甲煎丸高剂量组比较,西药组p-EGFR/EGFR、p-ERK1/ERK1、MMP-1、Cyclin D1、N-cadherin蛋白相对表达水平明显下降(P<0.01),E-cadherin蛋白相对表达水平升高(P<0.05)。结论鳖甲煎丸可能通过抑制EGFR/MAPK/ERK信号通路激活,从而下调MMP-1、Cyclin D1、N-cadherin蛋白,上调E-cadherin蛋白表达,进而对MHCC-97H肝癌细胞皮下瘤产生显著的抑制作用。

Expression levels of PTK7, HER-2 and Mcm5 proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and their clinical prognostic value

Objective:To investigate the expression levels and clinical prognosis of tyrosine protein kinase-7(PTK7),human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2)and minichromosome maintenance protein 5(Mcm5)in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)value.Methods:180 patients with ESCC were enrolled as the study subjects.Tumor tissues were collected and 100 paracancerous tissues were randomly collected.The expression levels of PTK7,HER-2 and Mcm5 proteins were detected by immunohistochemical staining,and their clinical pathological features and prognosis.Relationship.Results:The positive rates of PTK7,HER-2 and Mcm5 in ESCC tissues were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissues(P<0.05).The positive rate of PTK7 in lymphatic metastasis was significantly higher than that in lymphatic metastasis(P<0.05).The tumor body diameter was greater than 2 cm,the TNM stage was stage III and IV,and the HER-2 positive rate of ESCC tissues with lymphatic metastasis was significantly increased(P<0.05).The positive rate of Mcm5 in stage III and IV and combined lymphatic metastasis ESCC was higher in TNM stage(P<0.05).The expression level of PTK7 in ESCC tissues was positively correlated with lymphatic metastasis(P<0.05).HER-2 was positively correlated with TNM stage and lymphatic metastasis(P<0.05).Mcm5 was positively correlated with tumor size,TNM stage and lymphatic metastasis(P<0.05).The tumor-free survival of PTK7,HER-2,and Mcm5-positive ESCC patients was significantly shorter than that of the negative group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The expression levels of PTK7,HER-2,and Mcm5 were significantly up-regulated in ESCC tissues,and high levels of HER-2 and Mcm5 predicted more severe pathological stage and lymphatic metastasis,and PTK7,HER-2,Mcm5 and worse.Prognosis is related.