Growth differentiation factor-15 serum concentrations reflect disease severity and anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

BACKGROUND Population of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is burdened by various extraintestinal manifestations which substantially contribute to greater morbidity and mortality.Growth-differentiation factor-15(GDF-15)is often overexpressed under stress conditions,such as inflammation,malignancies,heart failure,myocardial ischemia,and many others.AIM To explore the association between GDF-15 and IBD as serum concentrations of GDF-15 were shown to be an independent predictor of poor outcomes in multiple diseases.An additional aim was to determine possible associations between GDF-15 and multiple clinical,anthropometric and laboratory parameters in patients with IBD.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 90 adult patients diagnosed with IBD,encompassing both Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),and 67 healthy age-and sex-matched controls.All patients underwent an extensive workup,including colonoscopy with subsequent histopathological analysis.Disease activity was assessed by two independent gastroenterology consultants specialized in IBD,employing well-established clinical and endoscopic scoring systems.GDF-15 serum concentrations were determined following an overnight fasting,using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.RESULTS In patients with IBD,serum GDF-15 concentrations were significantly higher in comparison to the healthy controls[800(512-1154)pg/mL vs 412(407-424)pg/mL,P<0.001],whereas no difference in GDF-15 was found between patients with CD and UC[807(554-1451)pg/mL vs 790(509-956)pg/mL,P=0.324].Moreover,multiple linear regression analysis showed that GDF-15 levels predict CD and UC severity independent of age,sex,and C-reactive protein levels(P=0.016 and P=0.049,respectively).Finally,an association between GDF-15 and indices of anemia was established.Specifically,negative correlations were found between GDF-15 and serum iron levels(r=-0.248,P=0.021),as well as GDF-15 and hemoglobin(r=-0.351,P=0.021).Accordingly,in comparison to IBD patients with normal hemoglobin levels,GDF-15 serum levels were higher in patients with anemia(1256(502-2100)pg/mL vs 444(412-795)pg/mL,P<0.001).CONCLUSION For the first time,we demonstrated that serum concentrations of GDF-15 are elevated in patients with IBD in comparison to healthy controls,and the results imply that GDF-15 might be involved in IBD pathophysiology.Yet,it remains elusive whether GDF-15 could serve as a prognostic indicator in these patients.

Role of transforming growth factor-βin peripheral nerve regeneration

Injuries caused by trauma and neurodegenerative diseases can damage the peripheral nervous system and cause functional deficits.Unlike in the central nervous system,damaged axons in peripheral nerves can be induced to regenerate in response to intrinsic cues after reprogramming or in a growth-promoting microenvironment created by Schwann cells.However,axon regeneration and repair do not automatically result in the restoration of function,which is the ultimate therapeutic goal but also a major clinical challenge.Transforming growth factor(TGF)is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates various biological processes including tissue repair,embryo development,and cell growth and differentiation.There is accumulating evidence that TGF-βfamily proteins participate in peripheral nerve repair through various factors and signaling pathways by regulating the growth and transformation of Schwann cells;recruiting specific immune cells;controlling the permeability of the blood-nerve barrier,thereby stimulating axon growth;and inhibiting remyelination of regenerated axons.TGF-βhas been applied to the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in animal models.In this context,we review the functions of TGF-βin peripheral nerve regeneration and potential clinical applications.

生长分化因子15联合沉默信息调节因子1在老年急性心肌梗死患者介入治疗的预后预测价值分析

目的:探讨生长分化因子15(growth differentiation factor-15,GDF15)联合沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator 1,SIRT1)在老年急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarctio,AMI)患者PCI治疗后预后预测中的价值。方法:选取本院2019年1月至2021年8月收治的209例AMI行PCI老年患者纳入AMI组,另选同期健康体检人群90例纳入对照组,检测AMI患者术前、术后7d以及对照组血清GDF15、SIRT1表达水平,观察AMI术后3个月内AMI组主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE)发生情况,对比MACE发生与未发生患者血清GDF15、SIRT1表达差异,通过受试者工作曲线(ROC)评估其对患者MACE发生的预测价值。结果:AMI患者术前与术后血清GDF-15水平明显高于对照组,SIRT1水平明显低于对照组(P <0.05);血清GDF-15、SIRT1水平联合检测诊断AMI的发生ROC曲线下面积(AUC)显著高于两项指标单独评估的AUC(P <0.05);209例患者术后3个月内发生MACE者44例(21.1%),发生MACE患者术前及术后血清GDF-15水平高于未发生者,SIRT1水平低于未发生者(P <0.05);术前血清GDF-15、SIRT1水平联合检测评估老年PCI治疗AMI患者MACE的发生ROC曲线下面积为0.816,显著高于两项指标单独评估曲线下面积0.726、0.725(P <0.05);术后血清GDF-15、SIRT1水平联合检测评估老年PCI治疗AMI患者MACE的发生ROC曲线下面积为0.894,显著高于两项指标单独评估曲线下面积0.815、0.811(P <0.05);术后7d血清GDF-15、SIRT1水平检测评估老年PCI治疗AMI患者MACE的发生ROC曲线下AUC高于术前(P <0.05)。结论:AMI患者血清GDF-15呈高表达,SIRT1呈低表达,且其表达水平可在一定程度上预测患者PCI术后MACE的发生,反映患者预后状态。

超声心动图联合血清cTnI、GDF-15检测对老年乳腺癌患者术后化疗心脏损伤的评估价值

目的探究超声心动图联合血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)对老年乳腺癌(BC)患者术后化疗心脏损伤的评估价值。方法选取北京市大兴区人民医院2019年9月至2022年8月收治的112例老年BC术后应用表柔比星为主的化疗患者为研究对象,按照是否发生心脏损伤将其分为:心脏损伤组(40例)和心脏未损伤组(72例)。评估超声心动图对老年BC患者术后化疗心脏损伤的诊断价值;采用酶联免疫吸附法检测两组血清cTnI、GDF-15水平;采用受试者工作特征曲线评估血清cTnI、GDF-15对老年BC患者术后化疗心脏损伤的诊断价值;以心脏损伤判定标准为金标准,评价超声心动图、血清cTnI、GDF-15及三者联合对老年BC患者术后化疗心脏损伤的诊断价值。结果超声心动图诊断老年BC患者术后化疗心脏损伤的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为77.50%、88.89%、84.82%;心脏损伤组患者血清cTnI、GDF-15水平均明显高于心脏未损伤组(P<0.05);血清cTnI、GDF-15诊断老年BC患者术后化疗心脏损伤的曲线下面积分别为0.864、0.834,截断值分别为221.88 ng/L、8.06 ng/L,灵敏度分别为75.00%、80.00%,特异度分别为94.44%、87.50%,准确度分别为87.50%、84.82%;超声心动图联合血清cTnI、GDF-15诊断老年BC患者术后化疗心脏损伤的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为97.50%、86.11%、90.18%,优于单独诊断。结论超声心动图联合血清cTnI、GDF-15对老年BC患者术后化疗致心脏损伤有较高诊断价值,可有效提高灵敏度、准确度,具有较高特异度。

血清H-FABP、GDF-15表达对STEMI患者PCI后不良心血管事件的预测价值

目的:探究血清心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(heart-type fatty acid binding protein,H-FABP)、生长分化因子-15(growth and differentiation factor-15,GDF-15)表达对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)后不良心血管事件发生的预测价值。方法:采用前瞻性研究,选择2020年6月—2023年6月于赣州市人民医院接受PCI的140例STEMI患者作为研究对象,术前检测患者血清H-FABP、GDF-15,行PCI,术后随访3个月,统计患者术后不良心血管事件发生情况,分析血清H-FABP、GDF-15与STEMI患者术后不良心血管事件发生的关系,同时绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,探究血清H-FABP、GDF-15对STEMI患者PCI后不良心血管事件发生的预测价值。结果:随访3个月期间,140例患者均无脱落病例;随访期间,140例STEMI患者PCI后发生不良心血管事件占比为23.57%(33/140),未发生不良心血管事件占比为76.43%(107/140)。两组心肌梗死面积、高血压、既往吸烟史比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组性别、年龄、病变支数、既往饮酒史、肌红蛋白(myoglobin,Myo)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponin I,cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase-MB,CK-MB)、心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end diastolic dimension,LVEDD)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。发生组血清H-FABP、GDF-15均高于未发生组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。点二列相关性分析显示,血清H-FABP、GDF-15与STEMI患者PCI后不良心血管事件发生呈正相关(r>0,P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,血清H-FABP、GDF-15单独预测的AUC>0.7,联合预测的AUC>0.8,联合预测价值更高。结论:STEMI患者PCI前血清H-FABP、GDF-15水平越高,术后不良心血管事件发生风险越大,且临床可以将血清H-FABP、GDF-15作为STEMI患者PCI后不良心血管事件发生的有效预测指标。

脑组织GDF-15水平与脑梗死大鼠血管新生以及Th1/Th2免疫平衡轴的关系

目的:探讨脑组织GDF-15水平与脑梗死大鼠血管新生以及Th1/Th2免疫平衡轴的关系。方法:45只雄性SD大鼠随机分为脑梗死模型组、假手术组以及正常对照组,15只/组。模型组采用线栓法建立脑梗死模型,假手术组仅暴露颈内动脉后直接缝合皮肤,建模成功后1周评估大鼠改良神经功能缺损(mNSS)评分。采用HE染色检测脑组织病理学变化情况,Western blot法检测大鼠脑组织中组织生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)蛋白水平,RTPCR测定脑组织中GDF-15 mRNA水平。采用ELISA法检测脑组织INF-γ、IL-4表达情况,采用Spearman相关性分析大鼠脑组织中GDF-15蛋白、mRNA表达水平分别与mNSS评分、微血管密度(MVD)、INF-γ/IL-4水平之间的相关性。结果:模型组大鼠mNSS评分明显高于假手术组和正常对照组(P<0.001),模型组脑梗死面积比为(24.45±4.15)%,假手术组和正常对照组未发现脑梗死区域。模型组大鼠脑组织GDF-15蛋白、mRNA、MVD、INF-γ/IL-4水平均明显高于假手术组和正常对照组(P<0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,模型组大鼠脑组织中GDF-15蛋白、mRNA表达水平分别与mNSS评分、MVD、INF-γ/IL-4水平呈正相关关系(P<0.001)。结论:脑梗死大鼠脑组织中GDF-15处于高表达状态,且与神经功能密切关联,其作用机制可能与血管新生以及调控Th1/Th2免疫平衡轴有关。

Exosome-transported IncRNA H19 regulates insulin-like growth factor-1 via the H19/let-7a/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor axis in ischemic stroke

LncRNA(long non-coding RNA) H19 is a transcript of the H19 gene that is expressed during embryogenesis.We previously discove red a role for circular lncRNA H19 in the onset and prognosis of cerebral ischemic stroke.In this study,we used serum from patients with ischemic stroke,and mouse and cell culture models to elucidate the roles of plasma and neuronal exosomes in the regulatory effect of lncRNA H19 on insulin-like growth factor-1 and its mechanism in ischemic stroke,using western blotting,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Plasma exosomal IncRNA H19 was negatively associated with blood levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 in samples from patients with cerebral ischemic stroke.In a mouse model,levels of exosomal IncRNA H19 were positively correlated with plasma and cerebral lncRNA H19.In a cell co-culture model,we confirmed that IncRNA H19 was transported from neuro ns to astrocytes by exosomes to induce downregulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 through the H19/let-7 a/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor axis.This study provides the first evidence for the transpo rtation of IncRNA H19 by exosomes and the relationship between IncRNA H19 and insulinlike growth factor-1.

心房颤动患者血清生长分化因子-15的表达差异和临床意义

目的:检测心房颤动(简称房颤)患者血清生长分化因子-15(growth differentiation factor-15,GDF-15)水平,分析其表达水平与临床因素、生化指标和心房结构的相关性,进一步分析GDF-15与房颤类型和结构重构的关系。方法:纳入2017年10月至2019年10月于北京大学第三医院心内科住院的房颤患者,选择同期住院无房颤病史的窦性心律者为对照组。收集患者的临床资料,采用酶联免疫吸附反应法检测血清GDF-15水平。采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计学分析。结果:入组156例房颤患者,其中持续性房颤组64例,阵发性房颤组92例;对照组38例。房颤组血清GDF-15水平明显高于对照组[1 112 (723, 1 525) ng/L vs. 697 (499, 825) ng/L,P<0.001],持续性房颤组血清GDF-15水平明显高于阵发性房颤组[1 140 (858, 1 708) ng/L vs. 1 090 (662, 1 374) ng/L,P=0.047],差异具有统计学意义。血清GDF-15预测房颤的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.736(95%CI:0.651~0.822,P<0.001),最佳临界值843.2 ng/L,其敏感性为68.2%,特异性为78.9%。血清GDF-15预测持续性房颤的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.594(95%CI:0.504~0.684,P=0.047),最佳临界值771.5 ng/L,其敏感性为82.8%,特异性为35.9%。相关分析显示房颤患者血清GDF-15水平与年龄(r=0.480,P<0.001)、左心房压力(left atrial pressure, LAP,r=0.300,P<0.001)正相关,与左心耳血流速度(left atrial appendage flow velocity, LAAV,r=-0.252,P=0.002)负相关。多重线性回归显示年龄和LAP对血清GDF-15的影响差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析表明GDF-15(OR=1.002,95%CI:1.001~1.003,P=0.004)和左心房前后径(left atrial diameter, LAD,OR=1.400, 95%CI:1.214~1.616,P<0.001)是房颤发生的独立危险因素。结论:房颤患者血清GDF-15水平显著升高,且持续性房颤患者血清GDF-15水平高于阵发性房颤患者,血清GDF-15表达水平与房颤及心房结构重构具有一定相关性。

出血性脑卒中患者血清PDGF-D GDF-15及D-二聚体水平与颅内血肿扩大的相关性

目的分析血清血小板源性生长因子-D(PDGF-D)、生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)及D-二聚体与出血性脑卒中患者血肿扩大的相关性。方法选取2021-01-2023-01厦门大学附属中山医院神经内科诊治的出血性脑卒中患者197例,根据颅内血肿是否扩大分为血肿未扩大组(119例)和血肿扩大组(78例),收集患者基线临床资料。利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清PDGF-D和GDF-15水平,采用凝血仪检测血清D-二聚体水平。比较2组患者入院时血肿量(V1)和复查时血肿量(V2),计算V2/V1比值。采用Logistic回归分析颅内血肿扩大的独立危险因素。结果与血肿未扩大组相比,血肿扩大组收缩压[(158.17±21.73)mmHg比(164.82±22.94)mmHg,P<0.05]、舒张压[(97.31±8.93)mmHg比(101.36±9.55)mmHg,P<0.05]、GCS评分[(13.52±1.31)分比(11.78±1.14)分,P<0.05]和血清PDGF-D[(498.73±40.32)ng/L比(596.91±45.82)ng/L,P<0.05]、GDF-15[(728.49±76.71)ng/L比(832.38±86.25)ng/L,P<0.05]、D-二聚体[(1.63±0.10)mg/L比(1.84±0.23)mg/L,P<0.05]水平及V2[(20.53±4.72)cm^(3)比(29.47±5.13)cm3,P<0.05]、V2/V1比值(1.04±0.31比1.42±0.43,P<0.05)均更高。Logistic回归分析显示,PDGF-D、GDF-15、D-二聚体、收缩压、舒张压及GCS评分均为出血性脑卒中患者发生颅内血肿扩大的独立危险因素(分别为OR=1.798、1.672、1.616、1.592、1.583、1.738,P<0.05)。结论血清PDGF-D、GDF-15及D-二聚体水平在发生颅内血肿扩大的出血性脑卒中患者中升高,均为血肿扩大的独立危险因素。

中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白和生长分化因子15在高血压肾损伤中的诊断价值

目的探讨血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、生长分化因子15(GDF-15)联合检测在老年H型高血压患者肾损伤中的诊断价值。方法选取2021年4月至2022年6月承德医学院附属医院神经内科及全科医疗科收治的H型高血压患者177例,依据估算肾小球滤过率分为肾功能损伤组81例和肾功能正常组96例。收集2组患者一般资料、实验室检查指标,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析血清NGAL、GDF-15联合检测对老年H型高血压患者肾损伤的诊断价值,Pearson相关性分析血清NGAL、GDF-15水平与老年H型高血压患者肾损伤的相关性。结果肾功能损伤组收缩压水平高于肾功能正常组[(148.53±14.62)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)vs(138.75±13.36)mm Hg,P<0.01],2组舒张压比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肾功能损伤组肌酐、尿素、β_2微球蛋白(β_2-MG)、胱抑素C(Cys C)、尿微量白蛋白(MA)、NGAL及GDF-15水平高于肾功能正常组(P<0.01);ROC曲线分析显示,NGAL、GDF-15联合检测显著高于NGAL、GDF-15单独检测(P<0.01)。Pearson相关性分析显示,血清NGAL、GDF-15水平与肌酐、尿素、β_2-MG、Cys C、MA水平均呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论老年H型高血压患者出现肾损伤后血清NGAL、GDF-15水平升高,血清NGAL、GDF-15联合检测在老年H型高血压患者肾损伤诊断中具有较高的诊断价值。

Low-temperature 3D-printed collagen/chitosan scaffolds loaded with exosomes derived from neural stem cells pretreated with insulin growth factor-1 enhance neural regeneration after traumatic brain injury

There are various clinical treatments for traumatic brain injury,including surgery,drug therapy,and rehabilitation therapy;howeve r,the therapeutic effects are limited.Scaffolds combined with exosomes represent a promising but challenging method for improving the repair of traumatic brain injury.In this study,we determined the ability of a novel 3D-printed collagen/chitosan scaffold loaded with exosomes derived from neural stem cells pretreated with insulin-like growth factor-1(3D-CC-INEXOS) to improve traumatic brain injury repair and functional recove ry after traumatic brain injury in rats.Composite scaffolds comprising collagen,chitosan,and exosomes derived from neural stem cells pretreated with insulin-like growth fa ctor-1(INEXOS) continuously released exosomes for 2weeks.Transplantation of 3D-CC-INExos scaffolds significantly improved motor and cognitive functions in a rat traumatic brain injury model,as assessed by the Morris water maze test and modified neurological seve rity scores.In addition,immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy showed that3D-CC-INExos implantation significantly improved the recove ry of damaged nerve tissue in the injured area.In conclusion,this study suggests that transplanted3D-CC-INExos scaffolds might provide a potential strategy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and lay a solid foundation for clinical translation.

Correlation between growth differentiation factor-15 and collagen metabolism indicators in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure

BackgroundGrowth 区别因素(GDF )-15, 转变生长因素贝它总科的一个分叉的成员确实看起来响应试验性的压力超载和心失败(HF ) 的前进起来调整。HF 经常在心肌的梗塞(MI ) 以后发展，贡献更坏的结果。学习是在 HF.MethodsThe 学习的不同阶段估计在与骨胶原周转有关的 GDF-15 层次和标记之间的关联的这的目的由 179 个病人的一个队组成，包括稳定的心绞痛病人( AP 组， n = 50 )，没有 HF 的旧 MI 病人( OMI 组， n = 56 )，有 HF 的旧 MI 病人( OMI-HF 组， n = 38 )并且正常控制组( n = 35 )。包括 precollagen 反映骨胶原的合成和降级率的两指示物我N终端肽( PINP )，类型我骨胶原carboxy终端肽( ICTP )， precollagen III N终端肽( PIIINP )和 GDF-15 用连接酶的 inmunosorbent assay.ResultsThe 血浆 GDF-15 水平被测量在 OMI-HF 组是更高的( 1373.4 &#x000b1 ；275.4 ng/L ) 比 OMI 组(1036.1 &#x000b1；248.6 ng/L ) ， AP 组(784.6 &#x000b1；222.4 ng/L ) 并且控制组(483.8 &#x000b1；186.4 ng/L )(P &#x0003c；0.001 ) 。骨胶原周转的指示物(ICTP， PINP， PIIINP ) 与控制相比在 OMI-HF 组增加的所有组织(3.03 &#x000b1；1.02 &#x000b5； g/L 对 2.08 &#x000b1；0.95 &#x000b5； g/L， 22.2 &#x000b1；6.6 &#x000b5； g/L 对 16.7 &#x000b1；5.1 &#x000b5； g/L 和 13.2 &#x000b1；7.9 &#x000b5； g/L 对 6.4 &#x000b1；2.1 &#x000b5； g/L 分别地；P &#x0003c；0.01 ) 。GDF-15 断然与 ICTP 和 PIIINP 相关(r = 0.302， P &#x0003c；0.001 并且 r = 0.206， P = 0.006，分别地) 。GDF-15 断然相关到心脏舒张的指示物 E/Em 和左 atrial 迫使的 echocardiographic (r = 0.349 并且 r = 0.358 分别地；P &#x0003c；0.01 ) ，并且相反地相关到收缩指示物左室的喷射部分和山峰的一般水准收缩心肌的速度(Sm )(r =&#x02212； 0.623 并且 r =&#x02212； 0.365 分别地；P &#x0003c；0.01 ).ConclusionPlasma GDF-15 与类型的指示物被联系我和 III 骨胶原周转。

血清GDF-15、chemerin、PTX3水平与2型糖尿病患者肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及炎症的关系及其预测效能的构建与评价

目的探讨血清生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)、趋化素(chemerin)、正五聚蛋白3(PTX3)水平与2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及炎症因子的关系,并进行预测效能的构建及评价。方法选取2020年2月至2022年9月该院收治的T2DM患者231例作为T2DM组。另选取同期来该院体检的健康者100例作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测并比较两组血清GDF-15、chemerin、PTX3水平,收集两组临床资料并进行比较。采用Pearson相关性分析及多元线性回归分析血清GDF-15、chemerin、PTX3水平与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及炎症指标的关系。采用多因素Logistic回归评估T2DM发生的独立危险因素,并构建血清GDF-15、chemerin、PTX3联合预测模型,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价其对T2DM发生的预测效能。结果与对照组比较,T2DM组体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、收缩压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、GDF-15、chemerin、PTX3均升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,T2DM组血清GDF-15、chemerin、PTX3水平与BMI、WHR、FINS、HOMA-IR、IL-1β、IL-6呈正相关(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,BMI、FINS、HOMA-IR、IL-1β、IL-6与血清GDF-15、chemerin、PTX3水平呈正相关(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果发现,血清GDF-15、chemerin、PTX3水平升高是影响T2DM发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清GDF-15、chemerin、PTX3联合预测模型预测效能较好,其曲线下面积及灵敏度、特异度、准确度均高于各指标单独应用。结论T2DM患者血清GDF-15、chemerin、PTX3水平升高,且其水平随着T2DM患者肥胖、胰岛素抵抗及炎症反应程度的加重而增加,该研究所构建的联合预测模型预测效能较好,对T2DM发生具有较高的预测价值。

Repeated measurement of growth-differentiation factor-15in Chinese Han patients with post-myocardial infarction chronic heart failure

Background Growth-differentiation factor-15(GDF-15)is a promising prognostic biomarker in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).Comparatively little is known about the value of repeated measurement of GDF-15with CI-IF in Chinese Han population.This study sought to identify the clinical value of repeated measurement of GDF-15in Chinese Han patients with post-myocardial infarction CHF. Methods In total,232consecutive Chinese Hart patients with post-myocardial infarction CHF were enrolled prospectively from January 2014to June 2016.The plasma concentration of GDF-15was determined on admission and over 12months.Patients were followed up for all-cause death and a composite outcome of major adverse cardiac events (MACE)included all-cause death,myocardial infarction and first heart failure (HF)re-hospitalization.Association with other clinical variables and adverse outcomes of repeated measurement of GDF-15 was explored.Results The median baseline GDF-15level was 2025ng/L.Baseline GDF-15was moderately associated with baseline N-terminal pro-B type nalriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)(coefficient 0.561,P <0.001).During a median follow-up of 20months,there were 53deaths and 100MACE.GDF-I5remained an independent predictor of all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio 1.826per 1Ln U,95%CI: 1.037-8.360;P =0.037)and MACE (adjusted hazard ratio 2.243per I Ln U,95%CI:1.181-1.775;P <0.001)adjusted for established risk factors.Repeated measurement of GDF-15was performed in 173survivals over 12months.Increase of GDF-15over 12months was associ- ated with dilatation of left ventricle and acted as an independent predictor of subsequent all-canse death (adjusted HR =3.164,95%CI: 1.245~.041;P =0.015).In the joint model,GDF-15was also shown to be a risk factor for all-cause death (HR =2.749,95%CI: 1.667-3.831;P <0.001)and MACE (FIR =2.434,95%CI:1.425-3.443;P <0.001).Conclusions Repeated measurements of GDF-15 have promising prognostic value of the risk of all-cause death in Chinese Han patients with CI-IF post-myocardial infarction.GDF-15may influence the post-myocardial infarction CI-IF through the path physiological pathway of myocardial remodeling.

GDF15、miR-122、AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ联合评估在HBV感染肝硬化患者肝细胞癌发生风险中的预测价值

目的评估血清生长分化因子15(GDF15)、microRNA-122(miR-122)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)和异常凝血酶原(PIVKA-Ⅱ)联合检测在监测乙肝病毒(HBV)感染肝硬化患者中肝细胞癌(HCC)的风险预测价值。方法将2017年12月至2022年1月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院就诊的45例HBV相关肝硬化患者、50例HCC患者纳入横断面研究,设为肝硬化组和HCC组;另选22例监测期间新确诊HCC的HBV肝硬化患者纳入纵向研究队列,分别对肝硬化组和HCC组患者以及监测期间新确诊HCC的HBV肝硬化患者的系列血清标本[新确诊HCC前12~18个月(T_(1))、新确诊HCC前6~12个月(T_(2))以及HCC诊断时(T_(3))]进行检测,测定GDF15、miR-122、AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ水平。比较各组患者每项标志物的检测水平,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析GDF15、miR-122、AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ单独或联合检测对HCC患者的诊断价值,评估标志物的组合预测HBV感染肝硬化患者的HCC风险。结果横断面研究中,HCC组患者血清GDF15、AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ水平分别为1760.64 pg/mL、40.24 ng/mL、106.37 mAU/mL,均显著高于肝硬化组患者(1357.63 pg/mL、9.07 ng/mL、22.59 mAU/mL),miR-122水平为38.72,则显著低于肝硬化组患者(75.70),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GDF15、miR-122、AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ单独诊断HCC时,曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.734、0.644、0.776、0.823;AFP和GDF15两项联合,AUC为0.835;GDF15、AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ三项联合,AUC为0.860;GDF15、miR-122、AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ四项联合,AUC最佳为0.876。区分肝硬化和HCC时,PIVKA-Ⅱ具有较高的敏感度(72.5%);GDF15具有较高的特异度(83.2%);AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ联合,特异度最高(92.0%);四项联合,敏感度增加(82.2%),约登指数最高(0.622)。纵向研究结果未观察到每种单一生物标志物随时间的变化,而GDF15、AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ三项联合以及GDF15、miR-122、AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ四项联合,在三个时间点的检测值差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。肝硬化患者横截面和纵向(T_(1))之间观察到四项组合的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示标志物的联合应用可有效区分即将发生HCC和不会发生HCC的肝硬化患者。结论GDF15、miR-122、AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ联合检测可以提高对HBV相关肝硬化和HCC患者的分辨力,且在HBV相关的肝硬化中,GDF15、miR-122、AFP和PIVKA-Ⅱ的组合能够识别HCC发展风险较高的患者,具有临床价值。

慢性心力衰竭患者血清CA125 GDF15 sTREM-1水平及其与心功能的相关性分析

目的:探究血清糖类抗原125(CA125)、生长分化因子-15(GDF-15)、可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1(sTREM-1)在慢性心力衰竭患者中的表达及其与心功能的相关性分析。方法:选取2022年6月至2023年6月本院收治的CHF患者96例临床资料开展回顾性分析,其中轻中度心力衰竭组46例(NYHA分级为Ⅰ~Ⅲ级)、重度心力衰竭组50例(NYHA分级为Ⅳ级),另按2∶1比例选取同期本院检查健康体检者48名为健康对照组。比较各组血清CA125、GDF15、sTREM-1水平与心功能指标的差异,并分析血清CA125、GDF15、sTREM-1水平与心功能指标的相关性。并通过ROC曲线分析血清CA125、GDF15、sTREM-1水平诊断慢性心力衰竭的效能。结果:研究组CA125、GDF15、sTREM-1水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组FS、EF均低于对照组,LAD、LVEDD均高于对照组(P<0.05)。Person相关性分析显示,CA125、GDF15、sTREM-1均与FS、EF呈负相关(r=-0.605/-0.617、-0.516/-0.512、-0.572/-0.613,P<0.05),均与LAD、LVEDD呈正相关(r=0.827/0.818、0.819/0.834、0.846/0.878,P<0.05)。重度心力衰竭组CA125、GDF15、sTREM-1水平均高于轻中度心力衰竭组(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析显示,血清CA125、GDF15、sTREM-1为重度心力衰竭的危险因素(P<0.05)。采用ROC分析血清CA125、GDF15、sTREM-1评估慢性心力衰竭严重程度的AUC、敏感度、特异度,分别为0.761、0.695、0.822,以预测评分绘制ROC曲线评估慢性心力衰竭严重程度的AUC为0.848,敏感度为84.0%、特异性为82.6%。结论:血清CA125、GDF15、sTREM-1在CHF患者中高表达,与心功能相关密切,可作为评估心力衰竭严重程度的有效指标,联合评估效果更好。

Neuroprotective effects of insulin-like growth factor-2 in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cellular and mouse models of Parkinson’s disease

Skin-derived precursor Schwann cells have been reported to play a protective role in the central nervous system. The neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells may be attributable to the release of growth factors that nourish host cells. In this study, we first established a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease using 6-hydroxydopamine. When SH-SY5 Y cells were pretreated with conditioned medium from skin-derived precursor Schwann cells, their activity was greatly increased. The addition of insulin-like growth factor-2 neutralizing antibody markedly attenuated the neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells. We also found that insulin-like growth factor-2 levels in the peripheral blood were greatly increased in patients with Parkinson’s disease and in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Next, we pretreated cell models of Parkinson’s disease with insulin-like growth factor-2 and administered insulin-like growth factor-2 intranasally to a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine and found that the level of tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker of dopamine neurons, was markedly restored, α-synuclein aggregation decreased, and insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor downregulation was alleviated. Finally, in vitro experiments showed that insulin-like growth factor-2 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3 K)/AKT pathway. These findings suggest that the neuroprotective effects of skin-derived precursor Schwann cells on the central nervous system were achieved through insulinlike growth factor-2, and that insulin-like growth factor-2 may play a neuroprotective role through the insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor/PI3 K/AKT pathway. Therefore, insulin-like growth factor-2 may be an useful target for Parkinson’s disease treatment.

Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1/growth differentiation factor-15 in premalignant and neoplastic tumours in a high-risk pancreatic cancer cohort

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer(PC)is a leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide,with poor survival due to late diagnosis.Currently,biomarkers have limited use in early diagnosis of PC.Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 or growth differentiation factor-15(MIC-1/GDF15)has been implicated as a potential serum biomarker in PC and other malignancies.AIM To determine the role of MIC-1/GDF15 in detecting pre-malignant pancreatic lesions and neoplastic tumours in an asymptomatic high-risk cohort part of Australian Pancreatic Cancer Screening Program.METHODS A feasibility prospective single centre cohort study was performed.Participants recruited for yearly surveillance with endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)had serial fasting blood samples collected before EUS for MIC-1/GDF15,C-reactive protein and carbohydrate antigen 19-9.Patients were stratified into five groups based on EUS findings:Normal;pancreatic cysts,branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm;diffuse non-specific abnormalities;and neoplastic tumours.MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels were quantified using ELISA.Participants in whom EUS demonstrated abnormalities but not malignancy were closely followed up with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or computed tomography.RESULTS One hundred twenty participants were prospectively recruited from 2011-2018.Forty-seven participants(39.2%)had an abnormal EUS and five participants(4.2%)were diagnosed with neoplastic tumours,three by EUS(two pancreatic and one liver)and two by MRI/computed tomography(breast cancer,bladder cancer),which were performed for follow up of abnormal EUS.Baseline serum MIC-1/GDF15 was a significant predictor of neoplastic tumours on receiver operator characteristic curve analysis[area under curve(AUC)=0.814,P=0.023].Baseline serum MIC-1/GDF15 had moderate predictive capacity for branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(AUC=0.644)and neoplastic tumours noted on EUS(AUC=0.793),however this was not significant(P=0.188 and 0.081 respectively).Serial serum MIC-1/GDF15 did not demonstrate a significant percentage change between a normal and abnormal EUS(P=0.213).Median baseline MIC-1/GDF15 was greater in those with neoplastic tumours(Median=1039.6,interquartile range=727.0-1977.7)compared to those diagnosed with a benign lesion(Median=570.1,interquartile range=460.7-865.2)on EUS and MRI(P=0.012).CONCLUSION In this pilot study MIC-1/GDF15 has predictive capacity for neoplastic tumours in asymptomatic individuals with a genetic predisposition for PC.Further imagining may be warranted in patients with abnormal EUS and raised serum MIC-1/GDF15.Larger multicentric prospective studies are required to further define the role of MIC-1/GDF15 as a serological biomarker in pre-malignant pancreatic lesions and neoplastic tumours.

血清生长分化因子15、细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3水平与原发性肝癌患者接受经导管动脉栓塞化疗预后的关系

目的探究血清生长分化因子15(growth differentiation factor 15,GDF15)、细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3(suppressor of cytokine signaling 3,SOCS3)水平与原发性肝癌患者接受经导管动脉栓塞化疗(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)预后的关系。方法选取89例2018年9月至2020年5月在河北北方学院附属第一医院行TACE的原发性肝癌患者作为研究组,治疗3个周期后评估近期疗效,将研究组分为预后良好组(n=54)、预后不良组(n=35),另选取同期健康体检者89例作为对照组。血清GDF15、SOCS3表达水平用酶联免疫吸附法测定,并进行组间比较;用多因素Logistic回归分析患者接受TACE预后的影响因素;受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)分析血清GDF15、SOCS3水平对预后的评估价值。结果与对照组相比,研究组血清GDF15水平升高,血清SOCS3水平下降(均P<0.05);与预后良好组相比,预后不良组血清GDF15水平升高,血清SOCS3水平降低(均P<0.05)。血清GDF15为原发性肝癌患者接受TACE预后的独立危险因素,而血清SOCS3为独立保护因素(均P<0.05)。血清GDF15、SOCS3二者联合评估原发性肝癌患者接受TACE预后的ROC曲线的曲线下面积为0.958,优于血清GDF15、SOCS3各自单独检测(Z_(二者联合-GDF15)=2.074、Z_(二者联合-SOCS3)=2.794,P=0.038、P=0.005)。结论血清GDF15表达水平较高和血清SOCS3表达水平较低的原发性肝癌患者接受TACE预后较差,血清GDF15、SOCS3为原发性肝癌患者接受TACE预后的影响因素,对患者预后情况有较好的评估价值。

Growth differentiation factor-15 is a prognostic marker in patients with intermediate coronary artery disease

Background Growth differentiation factor-15(GDF-15)is involved in multiple processes that are associated with coronary artery disease(CAD).However,little is known about the association between GDF-15 and the future ischemic events in patients with intermediate CAD.This study was conducted to investigate whether plasma GDF-15 constituted risk biomarkers for future cardiovascular events in patients with intermediate CAD.Methods A prospective study was performed based on 541 patients with intermediate CAD(20%–70%).GDF-15 of each patient was determined in a blinded manner.The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac event(MACE),which was defined as a composite of all-cause death,nonfatal myocardial infarction,revascularization and readmission due to angina pectoris.Results After a median follow-up of 64 months,504 patients(93.2%)completed the follow-up.Overall,the combined endpoint of MACE appeared in 134 patients(26.6%)in the overall population:26 patients died,11 patients suffered a nonfatal myocardial infarction,51 patients underwent revascularization,and 46 patients were readmitted for angina pectoris.The plasma levels of GDF-15(median:1172.02 vs.965.25 pg/m L,P=0.014)were higher in patients with ischemic events than those without events.After adjusting for traditional risk factors,higher GDF-15 levels were significantly associated with higher incidence of the composite endpoint of MACE(HR=1.244,95%CI:1.048–1.478,Quartile 4 vs.Quartile 1,P=0.013).Conclusions The higher level of GDF-15 was an independent predictor of long-term adverse cardiovascular events in patients with intermediate CAD.