Simulation and Validation of Rice Potential Growth Process in Zhejiang Province of China by Utilizing WOFOST Model

A crop growth model of WOFOST was calibrated and validated through rice field experiments from 2001 to 2004 in Jinhua and Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. For late rice variety Xiushui 11 and hybrid Xieyou 46, the model was calibrated to obtain parameter values using the experimental data of years 2001 and 2002, then the parameters were validated by the data obtained during 2003. For single hybrid rice Liangyoupeijiu, the data recorded in 2004 and 2003 were used for calibration and validation, respectively. The main focus of the study was as follows： the WOFOST model is good in simulating rice potential growth in Zhejiang and can be used to analyze the process of rice growth and yield potential. The potential yield obtained from the WOFOST model was about 8100 kg/ha for late rice and 9300 kg/ha for single rice. The current average yield in Jinhua is only about 78% （late rice） and 70% （single rice） of their potential yield. The results of the simulation also showed that the currant practice of management at the middle and late growth stages of rice should be reexamined and improved to reach optimal rice growth.

Growth process and short chain alcohol separation performance of fluoride-containing NaY zeolite membrane

Growth process of the NaY zeolite membranes was investigated by fluoride-containing precursor synthesis gel.Compared with the fluoride-free precursor synthesis gel,the irregular NaY zeolite crystals were dissolved into amorphous by the fluoride-containing precursor synthesis gel initially,the amorphous contained the Y-type zeolite characteristic bands by the IR characterization.The fine square NaY zeolite crystals arose from the amorphous,which were accumulated and gradually grew into a dense NaY zeolite layer on the support surface after 6.5 h.Because the excessive NaY zeolites were dissolved by the strong alkaline and fluoride-containing precursor synthesis gel,there was plenty of amorphous on NaY zeolites layer for prolonging the crystallization time.The assynthesized NaY zeolite membranes had a good separation performance and repeatability for separation of 10 wt%methanol(MeOH)/methyl methacrylate(MMA) mixture by pervaporation,the flux and separation factor were(1.27 ± 0.07) kg·M^(-2)·h^(-1) and(4900 ± 1500) at 323 K,respectively.Besides,the NaY zeolite membranes were applied to separate the other short chain alcohol from the various alcohol/organic ester and alcohol/organic ether mixtures,the NaY zeolite membranes showed high short chain alcohol perm-selectivity.

Synthesis and Growth Process: A Tetrapod-Like ZnO Nanostructure

Three kinds of tetrapod-like ZnO nanostructures have been synthesized simultaneously via pure Zn chemical vapor deposition on silicon wafers with （111） orientation （Si （111）） at 920 ℃. X-ray diffraction indicates that the nanotetrapods are of wurtzite structure. The morphology and the microstructure of the nanotetrapods are investigated by the scanning electron microscopy. Selected area electron diffraction shows the growth direction, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveals the atomic composition ratio of Zn/O. The growth process is briefly discussed. The optical property of the products was also recorded by means of photoluminescence spectroscopy.

Growth process and corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation coating on Mg-Zn-Gd magnesium alloys

A Mg-6Zn-3Gd(mass fraction,%) alloy,noted as ZG63,was coated by different micro-arc oxidation(MAO) processes,and the coating structure and corrosion resistance of the alloy were studied using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),glancing angle X-ray diffractometry(GAXRD) and various electrochemical methods.The micro-arc oxidation process consists of three stages and corresponds with different coating structures.In the initial stage,the coating thickness is linearly increased and is controlled by electrochemical polarization.In the second stage,the coating grows mainly inward and accords with parabolic regularity.In the third stage,the loose coating forms and is controlled by local arc light.The looser coating is mainly composed of MgSiO3 and the compact coating is mainly composed of MgO.From micro-arc oxidation stage to local arc light stage,the corrosion resistance of the coated alloy firstly increases and then decreases.The satisfied corrosion resistance corresponds to the coating time ranging from 6 to10 min.

Designing Electrochemical Nanoreactors to Accelerate Li_(2)S_(1/2) Three-Dimensional Growth Process and Generating More Li_(2)S for Advanced Li–S Batteries

With advantages of low costs and high energy density,Li–S batteries are considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices.However,Li_(2)S_(2) with a high dissociation energy and insulative properties is hard to convert into Li_(2)S,resulting in underutilization of sulfur capacity.Herein,Co-Mo_(2)C@C yolk–shell spheres as nanoreactors were designed to confront this challenge rationally.The Co-Mo_(2)C@C-induced Li_(2)S_(1/2) nucleation and growth in the three-dimensional process and the cathode produced more Li_(2)S after full discharge.Experimental studies and theoretical calculations reveal that the conversion barrier from Li_(2)S_(2) into Li_(2)S was lowered while the diffusion of lithium ions and electron transfer accelerated when using the Co-Mo_(2)C@C catalyst.Based on the above advantages,the Co-Mo_(2)C@C/S cathode exhibits a high reversible capacity and excellent cyclic stability,such as an initial specific capacity of 1200 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 C with 709 mAh g^(−1) at 1.0 C after 1000 cycles with a low capacity fading rate of 0.04%per cycle.Even at high densities of 3.0 C and 5.0 C,the specific capacities are 647.6 and 557.7 mAh g^(−1) after 400 cycles,respectively.Impressively,it also shows ca.770 and 900 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C after 50 cycles with high sulfur loadings of 4.2 and 5.1 mg cm−2,respectively.The present work may provide new insights into the design of nanoreactors to promote Li_(2)S_(1/2) growth in a three-dimensional process and accelerate conversion from solid Li_(2)S_(2) to solid Li_(2)S in high performance Li–S batteries.

THE MICROPHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF SNOW CLOUDS AND THE GROWTH PROCESS OF SNOW PARTICLES IN WINTER IN XINJIANG

The microphysical structure of snow clouds and the growth process of snow crystals were observed by means of instrumented aircraft, weather radar, snow crystal observations etc. in Urumqi region during the winter of 1982. The analysis of three cases show that about 70% of snow mass growth is produced in the lower layer below 2000 m under the cold front, and that the concentration of ice crystals is as high as 60 L^(-1) and the supercooled water is absent in lower clouds. We may infer that the deposition of ice crystals and the aggregation of snow crystals are important processes for the snow development. The microphysical structure of the snow band near the front aloft and its characteristics as a seeder cloud are also described in this paper.

Industrial growth of yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia crystals by skull melting process

We reported the development of a Ф100 cm growth apparatus for skull melting growth of yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia(YSZ) crystals and more than 1000 kg crystals have been grown in the furnace each time.The growth conditions were optimized and the structure of the as-grown crystals was characterized by X-ray diffraction.The transmittance of 15 mol.% yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia crystal was nearly 80% in the range of 400–1600 nm.The refractive indices were measured and fitted the Sellmeier equation whi...

Dynamic experimental study on rock meso-cracks growth by digital image processing technique

A new meso-mechanical testing scheme based on SEM was developed to carry out the experiment of microfracturing process of rocks. The microfracturing process of the pre-crack marble sample on surrounding rock in the immerged Long-big tunnel in Jinping Cascade II Hydropower Station under uniaxial compression was recorded by using the testing scheme. According to the stereology theory, the propagation and coalescent of cracks at meso-scale were quantitatively investigated with digital technology. Therefore, the basic geometric information of rock microcracks such as area, angle, length, width, perimeter, was obtained from binary images after segmentation. The failure mechanism of specimen under uniaxial compression with the quantitative information was studied from macro and microscopic point of view. The results show that the image of microfracturing process of the specimen can be observed and recorded digitally. During the damage of the specimen, the distribution of microcracks in the specimen is still subjected to exponential distribution with some microcracks concentrated in certain regions. Finally, the change law of the fractal dimension of the local element in marble sample under different external load conditions is obtained by means of the statistical calculation of the fractal dimension.

The Negative Growth of Processing Trade Continued

China’s foreign trade from January to August According to Customs figures,China’s total import and export in August reached 2.04 trillion yuan,down 9.7%year on year(the same below).Export was 1.2 trillion yuan,down 6.1%,and import 0.84 trillion yuan,down 14.3%.Trade surplus was 368 billion yuan,an increase of 20.1%.In terms of the U.S.dollar,the total import and export in August reached US$333.5 billion,

Growth of TiO_2 Nanorods by Sol-gel Template Process

In this work, TiO2 nanorods with uniform diameter of about 100 nm and a length of several micrometers were successfully prepared by the sol-gel template method. Also the influence of molar ratios of precursor on the morphology and structure of TiO2 nanorods has been investigated. The prepared samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The XRD results indicated that the TiO2 nanorods were crystallized in the anatase and rutile phases, after annealing to 400-700℃ up to 2 h.

Bayesian Reliability——Growth Analysis for Statistical of Diverse Population Based on Non-homogeneous Poisson Process

New armament systems are subjected to the method for dealing with multi-stage system reliability-growth statistical problems of diverse population in order to improve reliability before starting mass production. Aiming at the test process which is high expense and small sample-size in the development of complex system, the specific methods are studied on how to process the statistical information of Bayesian reliability growth regarding diverse populations. Firstly, according to the characteristics of reliability growth during product development, the Bayesian method is used to integrate the testing information of multi-stage and the order relations of distribution parameters. And then a Gamma-Beta prior distribution is proposed based on non-homogeneous Poisson process（NHPP） corresponding to the reliability growth process. The posterior distribution of reliability parameters is obtained regarding different stages of product, and the reliability parameters are evaluated based on the posterior distribution. Finally, Bayesian approach proposed in this paper for multi-stage reliability growth test is applied to the test process which is small sample-size in the astronautics filed. The results of a numerical example show that the presented model can make use of the diverse information synthetically, and pave the way for the application of the Bayesian model for multi-stage reliability growth test evaluation with small sample-size. The method is useful for evaluating multi-stage system reliability and making reliability growth plan rationally.

微尺度下润湿性表面对双气泡传热特性的影响

为探究混合润湿表面双气泡生长过程的特点和传热特性,利用格子Boltzmann方法研究混合润湿性表面不同因素对生长和传热过程的影响规律。结果表明:对于纯润湿性表面,随着润湿性的降低,气泡成核时间减少,气泡脱离表面时间呈增加趋势,双气泡生长过程的平均热流密度呈减少趋势。混合表面可以实现相比纯润湿性表面更高的脱离频率和更好的换热效果,混合润湿表面整体脱离频率在(L_(q)/△x)>0.37(△x<30)时呈增加趋势,在(L_(q)/△x)≤0.37(△x≥30)时呈降低趋势;同一距离L_(q)/△x不同疏水尺寸的脱离频率在(L_(q)/△x)>0.37(△x<30)时呈先降低后增加趋势,在(L_(q)/△x)≤0.37(△x≥30)时呈增加趋势;同一距离L_(q)/△x不同疏水尺寸的平均热流密度在(L_(q)/△x)>0.37(△x<30)时呈降低趋势,L_(s)=3(L_(s)/L_(q)=0.27)是最佳换热尺寸,在(L_(q)/△x)≤0.37(△x≥30)时呈先增加后降低趋势,L_(s)=5(L_(s)/L_(q)=0.45)为最佳换热尺寸。

化学气相沉积SiC涂层反应特性及沉积过程的模拟研究

借助基于有限元原理的COMSOL软件和分子动力学模拟原理的Reax FF软件对化学气相沉积技术制备SiC涂层的反应特性及沉积过程进行模拟研究,为高温抗氧化复合涂层体系中SiC中间层的工艺优化及制备提供理论支持。结果表明,化学气相沉积SiC涂层过程包括前驱体三氯甲基硅烷(CH_(3)SiCl_(3))的扩散过程和热解反应过程,SiC涂层在扩散过程不会生长,仅从10^(−4)s后的热解反应过程开始生长,沉积生长过程同时伴随涂层的解离。随着入射粒子能量的增大,单位时间内沉积到基底表面的Si和C粒子数不断增加。提高粒子入射能量有利于提高SiC涂层的致密度,当入射粒子能量大于2 eV时可以实现SiC涂层的均匀生长,而当入射能量高于6 eV时,解离的Si和C粒子数量增大,不利于SiC涂层的生长。综合而言,当入射能量为3 eV时,化学气相沉积的SiC涂层综合性能最佳。

Crossing the Growth Threshold： Service-Based Economy, Knowledge Process and Reshaping of Efficiency Model

The transition from middle-income to high-income stage is fraught with risks of growth divergence.Economic transition is clouded by the following possibilities:(1) falling share of industrial sector through industrial depression and weakening growth momentum caused by the large urbanization costs;(2) the subordination of service sector as a result of nearly irreversibly industrial professional,which falters the process of service sector transition and upgrading;(3) inefficient knowledge production allocation and human capital upgrade due to the absence of incentivized compensation of knowledge consumption.We suggest that a country should reshape its efficiency model by upgrading knowledge factor and human capital as the pre-requisite.Given the dilemmas of transition,China should take the factorization trend of service sector and reshape efficiency model through institutional reform,ensuring that service sector will develop in tandem with industrial sector.

Efects of Crop Growth on Hydrological Processes in River Basins and on Regional Climate in China

The regional climate model RegCM3 incorporating the crop model CERES,called the RegCM3CERES model,was used to study the efects of crop growth and development on regional climate and hydrological processes over seven river basins in China.A 20-year numerical simulation showed that incorporating the crop growth and development processes improved the simulation of precipitation over the Haihe River Basin,Songhuajiang River Basin and Pearl River Basin.When compared with the RegCM3 control run,RegCM3CERES reduced the negative biases of monthly mean temperature over most of the seven basins in summer,especially the Haihe River Basin and Huaihe River Basin.The simulated maximum monthly evapotranspiration for summer(JJA)was around 100 mm in the basins of the Yangtze,Haihe,Huaihe and Pearl Rivers.The seasonal and annual variations of water balance components(runof,evapotranspiration and total precipitation)over all seven basins indicate that changes of evapotranspiration agree well with total precipitation.Compared to the RegCM3,RegCM3CERES simulations indicate reduced local water recycling rate over most of the seven basins due to lower evapotranspiration and greater water flux into these basins and an increased precipitation in the Heihe River Basin and Yellow River Basin,but reduced precipitation in the other five basins.Furthermore,a lower summer leaf area index(1.20 m2m 2),greater root soil moisture(0.01 m3m 3),lower latent heat flux(1.34 W m 2),and greater sensible heat flux(2.04 W m 2)are simulated for the Yangtze River Basin.

不同氮肥运筹下2种主栽粳稻生长发育和加工品质的差异

水稻是世界上重要粮食作物之一,水稻的生长发育、产量和稻米品质都很容易受到氮素的影响。本文以江苏省主栽常规粳稻品种武运粳23号和宁粳3号为研究材料,采用裂区试验设计,研究不同施氮水平(0、75、150、225、300 kg/hm^(2))对2个水稻品种的生长发育及加工品质的影响。结果发现:施氮肥处理增加了水稻植株的株高、茎蘖数、上3叶叶色值、干物质重、产量,提高了水稻的加工品质,但施用氮肥量越大,水稻的株高越高,而茎蘖数、干物质积累量、产量则会降低,同时,施氮量的增加提高了水稻的糙米率、精米率和整精米率,但过高反而降低了精米率和整精米率,综合生长发育指标和稻米加工指标,施氮肥量在N3(150 kg/hm^(2))处理下表现较优;不同品种对氮素的响应不同,武运粳23号株高、茎蘖数、叶色值、有效穗数、穗粒数、理论产量、糙米率和精米率低于宁粳3号,而千粒质量、产量、整精米率高于宁粳3号。武运粳23号和宁粳3号的产量和加工品质分别在施纯氮150 kg/hm^(2)和225 kg/hm^(2)下表现较优。

卵巢癌患者创伤后成长心路历程的质性研究

目的探索卵巢癌患者创伤后成长(posttraumatic growth,PTG)心路历程,为制订有效的护理干预方案提供依据。方法采用诠释现象学分析方法,通过目的性抽样选取合肥市某三级甲等医院16例卵巢癌患者进行半结构式访谈;采用Smith资料分析法进行资料的整理分析和主题提炼。结果提取出卵巢癌患者PTG心路历程的5个主题:善意谎言阶段、现实世界阶段、低谷崩溃阶段、绝处逢生阶段和主动成长阶段。PTG五个阶段并不是缺一不可的,且阶段与阶段之间具有重叠性。结论卵巢癌患者PTG的发生是一个复杂、动态的过程。护理人员需要掌握卵巢癌患者PTG心理变化规律,根据PTG五个阶段构建“家庭-病友-医护”三位一体支持模式下的全方位干预策略,帮助患者更好、更快地走出低谷崩溃、实现自我成长。

数字经济下董事网络嵌入对企业成长的影响研究

以2008~2020年中国A股上市公司为研究样本,探究董事网络嵌入对企业成长的影响,以及数字化转型进程在其中的调节机制。研究表明,董事网络关系嵌入和结构嵌入对企业成长均具有倒U形影响,而数字化转型进程使得前述倒U形曲线趋于平缓。进一步地,发现数字化“底层技术转型”使得结构嵌入与企业成长的关系曲线变缓,对关系嵌入与企业成长关系的调节效应不显著;数字化“技术实践应用”使得关系嵌入与企业成长的关系曲线变缓,对结构嵌入与企业成长关系的调节效应不明显。

4种不同果形香花油茶果实生长动态变化分析

【目的】为了更好地指导香花油茶生产。【方法】选取4种不同果形香花油茶无性系68号(橄榄形)、70号(球形)、84号(桔形)、91号(卵形),对香花油茶果实生长发育动态变化进行观测和分析。【结果】1)香花油茶不同无性系果实迅速膨大开始和结束时间均有明显差异。68、70和91号无性系果实体积迅速膨大均始于7月15日,其中70号无性系果实迅速膨大在8月5日结束,期间果实增幅达到8.82 cm^(3),占观测期体积总生长量的50.66%;68和91号无性系在8月25日结束果实迅速膨大,期间体积分别增长了5.47和8.71 cm^(3),分别占观测期体积总生长量的57.07%和51.96%。84号无性系果实体积迅速膨大始于8月5日,并一直持续到10月15日,8月5—25日及8月25日—10月15日期间果实体积增长分别占比34.52%和37.63%。2)果实中籽粒转黑时间与果实结束快速生长期的时间存在相关性,快速生长期结束时间早,籽粒转黑的时间也早。【结论】香花油茶不同无性系果实生长进程存在明显差异,果实迅速膨大关键期主要集中在7月15日—8月25日。