Cushion species occur in nearly all alpine environments worldwide. In past decades, the adaptive and ecosystem-engineering roles of such highly specialized life forms have been well studied. However, the adaptive stra...Cushion species occur in nearly all alpine environments worldwide. In past decades, the adaptive and ecosystem-engineering roles of such highly specialized life forms have been well studied. However, the adaptive strategies responsible for cushion species reproductive success and maintenance in severe alpine habitats remain largely unclear. In this study, we reviewed the current understanding of reproductive strategies and population persistence in alpine cushion species. We then present a preliminary case study on the sexual reproduction of Arenaria polytrichoides(Caryophyllaceae), a typical cushion species inhabiting high elevations of the Himalaya Hengduan Mountains, which is a hotspot for diversification of cushion species. Finally, we highlight the limitations of our current understanding of alpine cushion species reproduction and propose future directions for study.展开更多
Objective： To explore the effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 （Shenyi Capsule, 参一胶囊） on the postoperative life span of patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： The prospective, randomiz...Objective： To explore the effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 （Shenyi Capsule, 参一胶囊） on the postoperative life span of patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： The prospective, randomized, controlled method was adopted. One hundred and thirty- three patients with NSCLC were randomly assigned to 3 groups： Shenyi Capsule group （43 cases）, combined therapy group （Shenyi Capsule plus chemotherapy, 46 cases）, and chemotherapy group （44 cases）. The survival rates, immune function and the correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） expression and clinical effect were analyzed in the three groups. Results： （1） The 1-year survival rate in the Shenyi group, the combined group and the chemotherapy group was 76.7% （33/43）, 82.6% （38/46）, and 79.5% （35/44）, respectively; the 2-year survival rate was 67.4% （29/43）, 71.7% （33/46）, and 70.5% （31/44）, respectively; and the 3-year survival rate was 46.5% （20/43）, 54.3% （25/46）, and 47.7% （21/44）, respectively. There was no significant difference among the 3 groups （P〉0.05）. （2） NK cells were increased to different degrees and the ratio of CD4/CD8 was normal in the Shenyi Capsule group and the combined group, while the ratio of CD4/CD8 was disproportional in the chemotherapy group. （3） In the chemotherapy group, the 3-year survival rate was lower in patients with positive expression of VEGF than in patients with negative expression （37.0% vs 64.7%, χ^2=17.9, P〈0.01）, but no significant statistical difference was shown in the other two groups （53.6% vs 55.6%, P〉0.05; 44.4% vs 50.0%, P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Shenyi Capsule, especially in combination with chemotherapy, can improve the life span of patients with NSCLC after operation. The mechanism might be correlated with improving the immune function and anti-tumor angiogenesis.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant no. 2017YFC0505200)the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 31590823) to H Sunthe Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 31500185 to JG Chen, 31470321 to Y Yang)
文摘Cushion species occur in nearly all alpine environments worldwide. In past decades, the adaptive and ecosystem-engineering roles of such highly specialized life forms have been well studied. However, the adaptive strategies responsible for cushion species reproductive success and maintenance in severe alpine habitats remain largely unclear. In this study, we reviewed the current understanding of reproductive strategies and population persistence in alpine cushion species. We then present a preliminary case study on the sexual reproduction of Arenaria polytrichoides(Caryophyllaceae), a typical cushion species inhabiting high elevations of the Himalaya Hengduan Mountains, which is a hotspot for diversification of cushion species. Finally, we highlight the limitations of our current understanding of alpine cushion species reproduction and propose future directions for study.
文摘Objective： To explore the effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 （Shenyi Capsule, 参一胶囊） on the postoperative life span of patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： The prospective, randomized, controlled method was adopted. One hundred and thirty- three patients with NSCLC were randomly assigned to 3 groups： Shenyi Capsule group （43 cases）, combined therapy group （Shenyi Capsule plus chemotherapy, 46 cases）, and chemotherapy group （44 cases）. The survival rates, immune function and the correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） expression and clinical effect were analyzed in the three groups. Results： （1） The 1-year survival rate in the Shenyi group, the combined group and the chemotherapy group was 76.7% （33/43）, 82.6% （38/46）, and 79.5% （35/44）, respectively; the 2-year survival rate was 67.4% （29/43）, 71.7% （33/46）, and 70.5% （31/44）, respectively; and the 3-year survival rate was 46.5% （20/43）, 54.3% （25/46）, and 47.7% （21/44）, respectively. There was no significant difference among the 3 groups （P〉0.05）. （2） NK cells were increased to different degrees and the ratio of CD4/CD8 was normal in the Shenyi Capsule group and the combined group, while the ratio of CD4/CD8 was disproportional in the chemotherapy group. （3） In the chemotherapy group, the 3-year survival rate was lower in patients with positive expression of VEGF than in patients with negative expression （37.0% vs 64.7%, χ^2=17.9, P〈0.01）, but no significant statistical difference was shown in the other two groups （53.6% vs 55.6%, P〉0.05; 44.4% vs 50.0%, P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Shenyi Capsule, especially in combination with chemotherapy, can improve the life span of patients with NSCLC after operation. The mechanism might be correlated with improving the immune function and anti-tumor angiogenesis.
