Microbial Growth and Decay: A Commented Review of the Model

The paper reviews previous publications and reports some comments about a semi empirical model of the growth and decay process of a planktonic microbial culture. After summarizing and reshaping some fundamental mathematical expressions, the paper highlights the reasons for the choice of a suitable time origin that makes the parameters of the model self-consistent. Besides the potential applications to predictive microbiology studies and to effects of bactericidal drugs, the model allows a suitable proxy of the fitness of the microbial culture, which can be of interest for the studies on the evolution across some thousand generations of a Long Term Evolution Experiment.

Influence of growth time on crystalline structure,conductivity and optical properties of ZnO thin films

This paper examines the growth of ZnO thin films on glass substrate at 350 ℃ using an ultrasonic spray technique. We have investigated the influence of growth time ranging from 1 to 4 min on structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO thin films. The as-grown films exhibit a hexagonal structure wurtzite and are （002） oriented. The maximum value of grain size G = 63.99 nm is attained for ZnO films grown at 2 min. The average transmittance is about 80%, thus the films are transparent in the visible region. The optical gap energy is found to increase from 3.26 to 3.37 eV with growth time increased from 1 to 2 min. The minimum value of electrical resistivity of the films is 0.13 Ω.cm obtained at 2 min. A systematic study on the influence of growth time on the properties of ZnO thin films deposited by ultrasonic spray at 350 ℃ has been reported.

EFFECT OF MAGNETIZATION OF WATER ON INDUCTION TIME AND GROWTH PERIOD OF NATURAL GAS HYDRATE

The effect of diluted solution's magnetization on induction time and growth period of natural gas hydrate (NGH) has been investigated in quiescent reaction system at pressure of 4. 5 MPa and temperature of 274 K with SDS as surfactant, by using volume fixed and pressure falling method. Experimental results show that magnetization will have effect on the induction time of NGH. After magnetization with magnetic field intensity of 0.33 T, the induction time of NGH has been reduced to 47 min (average) from 99 min (average) in which there is no magnetization. On the other hand, the induction time has been prolonged after magnetization of the diluted solution with magnetic field intensity of 0.05 T, 0. 11 T, 0.22 T, 0.44T. Especially with magnetic field intensity of 0.11 T, the induction time had even been prolonged to 431min (average). The effect of magnetization on the growth period of NGH has not been found at the experimental condition.

Influence of water logging time on the growth of Kandelia candel seedlings

Influence of waterlogging time on the growth of Kandelia candel(L.) Druce seedlings grown for 70 d in the artificial- tidal tanks' simulated semidiurnal tide under greenhouse is studied. Sand and soil act as the substrate and artificial seawater with salinity of 15 is used in cultivation. Shorter waterlogging time(inundated for about 2 ~ 4 h) promotes the growth of K. candel seedlings, while longer time(inundated more than 8 h) or no waterlogging(0 h) inhibits their growth. The number and length of aerating roots increase with the increase of waterlogging time. Under existing conditions, the optimal waterlogging time for the growth of K. candel seedlings is about 2 ~ 4 h in every tide cycle. Compared with other treatments, the 2 h sanded treatments obtain the highest biomass of seedlings, have the lowest mass loss of hypocotyl and broaden the photosynthetic area by increasing the area per leaf after 70-d cultivation. And the soil treatments have the similar tendency. However, waterlogging for 8 h in every tide cycle is critical for normal development of seedlings.K. candel seedlings are highly tolerant to waterlogging and a proper waterlogging is beneficial to the growth of K. candel seedlings.

Effects of Feeding Time on the Growth Performance and Variation of RNA/DNA Ratio of the Chinese Soft-shelled Turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis

The present study was to investigate the effects of feeding time on growth of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle. The experiment was carried out with a photoperiod of 12L （light）： 12D （dark） with lights on at 06：00 and off at 18：00. Turtles were maintained at a temperature of 32 - 0.2 ℃ in tanks throughout the length of the experiment. The turtles in group 1 to group 6 were fed respectively at 00：00, 04：00, 08：00, 12：00, 16：00 and 20：00 with 60 turtles each （Initial body weight 88.27 - 0.09 g）. Acrophases of postprandial RNA/DNA ratio in liver in each group was shown between 5h and 7h after feeding. A positive linear correlation could be seen between specific growth rate （SGR） and RNA/ DNA：SGR=t.1586RNA/DNA-0.7097 （r = 0.9328, P = 0.0066）. The results indicated that the values at the acrophases of about 6h after feeding might be used as an instantaneous growth index in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle. The turtles in group 1 grew better than group 3, group 4, group 5, group 6, because they ate more, but they ate more and grew slower than group 2, whose feed conversion rate was also higher. Meanwhile, the SGR and feeding rate of turtles fed at 12：00 were the lowest from the six groups （P 〈 0.05）. Turtles fed in group 1, group 2 and group 6 developed more heavy final body weight （FBW）, higher feeding rate and SGR than the other three groups. This probably suggested that turtles fed in scotophase grew better than that fed at photophase in total.

Influence of Reaction Time on Growth Behaviours of Mg-Al LDH Films

Mg-Al LDH film was fabricated on anodized magnesium alloy AZ31 by in-situ growth method.The characteristics of the film were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation and electrochemical tests.The results showed that the crystallinity of LDH film was increased with reaction time.When the reaction time was more than 12 h,the LDH film had complete crystal layered structure.The anodic oxide film was sealed basically by the growth of LDH nanosheets after 6 h reaction.The corrosion resistance of the films became better with the increasing of reaction time.However,after 12 h reaction,the corrosion resistance of the film decreased.The formation behavior of the Mg-Al LDH film was proposed.That the competitive growth of LDH grains,which contains dissolution and recrystallization,was proposed to explain the change of the growth and corrosion resistance of the Mg-Al LDH film.

Effects of Spatial Row Arrangement and Time of Planting Intercrops on Performance of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Maize (Zea mays L.)—Groundnut Intercropping System in Ejura

In monoculture, crop failure due to biotic or abiotic causes can result in partial or total output failure. The yield, socio-economic, and environmental effects of intercropping on the farmer and the environment as a whole have not received much attention. There is a dearth of knowledge on the productivity of maize-groundnut intercrops in Ghana regarding the relative timing of planting and spatial arrangement of component crops. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the effects of spatial row arrangement and the time of planting intercrops on the productivity of groundnut under maize-groundnut intercropping. The 5 × 3 factorial field experiment was undertaken at the Miminaso community in the Ejura-Sekyedumase municipality of the Ashanti Region of Ghana during the 2020 cropping seasons. Treatments were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The levels of row arrangement of intercrops were: one row of maize and one row of groundnut (1M1G), one row of maize and two rows of groundnut (1M2G), two rows of maize and one row of groundnut (2M1G), two rows of maize and two rows of groundnut (2M2G), sole maize and sole groundnut (M/G). The levels of time of introducing groundnut included simultaneous planting of intercrops (0 WAP), planting groundnut one week after planting maize (1 WAP) and planting groundnut two weeks after planting maize (2 WAP). There were significant (P 0.05) treatment interactions for pod and seed yields of groundnut throughout the study. The highest groundnut pod yields of 1815.00 kg/ha and 2359.00 kg/ha were recorded by the 0WAP × 1M2G treatment in the major and minor seasons of 2020, respectively, while the highest groundnut seed yields of 741.00 kg/ha and 726.00 kg/ha were recorded in the major and minor rainy seasons of 2020 by 1WAP × G and 0WAP × G treatments, respectively. The highest seed yields of groundnut (404 kg/ha and 637 kg/ha for major and minor rainy seasons, respectively) were produced by 1WAP × 2M2G.

Influences of noise correlation and time delay on stochastic resonance induced by multiplicative signal in a cancer growth system

This paper investigates the stochastic resonance （SR） phenomenon induced by the multiplicative periodic signal in a cancer growth system with the cross-correlated noises and time delay. To describe the periodic change of the birth rate due to the periodic treatment, a multiplicative periodic signal is added to the system. Under the condition of small delay time, the analytical expression of the signal-to-noise ratio RSNR is derived in the adiabatic limit. By numerical calculation, the effects of the cross-correlation strength λ and the delay time τ on RSNR are respectively discussed. The existence of a peak in the curves of RSNR as a function of the noise intensities indicates the occurrence of the SR phenomenon. It is found that λ and τ play opposite role on the SR phenomenon, i.e., the SR is suppressed by increasing λ whereas it is enhanced with the increase of τ, which is different from the case where the periodic signal is additive.

NM23基因与非小细胞肺癌临床病理学特征及^(18)F-FDG PET/CT影像特征的相关性

目的 比较非小细胞肺癌中NM23基因表达情况不同在其临床病理学特征、^(18)F-FDG PET/CT影像特征、生存时间的差异。方法 选择2018年1月~2022年12月于新疆医科大学附属医院病理确诊为非小细胞癌的107例患者的术后标本,运用免疫组化方法检测NM23表达情况,分为NM23低表达组(≤++)(n=64)与NM23高表达组(>++)(n=43),比较两组的临床病理学特征、^(18)FFDG FDG PET/CT图像上影像特征、生存期方面的差异。结果 NM23低表达组与高表达组在性别、临床分期、组织类型、分化程度、吸烟、PET/CT图像上生长部位、生存时间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在原发灶分期、PET/CT图像上淋巴结转移情况的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 NM23基因在非小细胞癌患者T分期、淋巴结转移方面支持其为抑癌基因。

天然气管道可靠性增长预测方法研究

为减少天然气管道投产前的设计和制造缺陷,提高使用寿命、运行可靠性和安全性、减少后期维修费用,通过统计模型结合试验数据实现对天然气管道可靠性增长水平的预测,提出天然气管道可靠性增长预测方法;分析常用可靠性增长模型并结合天然气管道可维修、小子样的特点,将Duane模型与AMSAA模型应用于天然气管道,结合点估计、趋势检验、拟合优度检验、区间估计和标准差,得出天然气管道可靠性增长模型,预测可靠性增长并进行实例验证。研究结果表明:Duane模型与AMSAA模型作为天然气管道可靠性增长试验具有可行性;其中AMSAA模型更具优势,得出天然气管道的瞬时无故障工作时间(MTBF)估计值可达到试验目标值,并预测MTBF达到2000 h时所需要的试验时间为317954611.3 h,未来第51次故障预测区间为[848.4609,939.6226],误差为1.25%,方法具有良好的适用性,可有效预测天然气管道可靠性增长。研究结果可为天然气管道设计改进提供指导。

“996”还是“2.5”?——闲暇时间影响经济增长的跨国实证研究

近年来,社会上掀起了“996工作制”和“2.5天小长假”的激烈讨论。为了避免价值判断,文章在文献梳理和理论演绎的基础上,利用41个较大规模国家的面板数据,检验了闲暇数量和质量对经济增长的影响,按经济发展水平和文化地理特征分别对样本国家分组并进行异质性分析。研究结果显示:闲暇时间与经济增长之间存在一定的非线性特征,闲暇时间比例在0.6608至0.6855区间下经济增长率明显较高;整体而言,人力资本对闲暇时间与经济增长的关系存在显著的正向调节作用,数量闲暇一旦与人力资本相结合(即质量闲暇)很可能促进经济增长。研究结果对我国的政策含义是:既不“996”也不“2.5”,保持闲暇时间比例不变,减少工作时间比例而增加教育时间比例,既能提升人力资本直接推动经济增长,又能通过人力资本改善闲暇质量从而间接推动经济增长。

微尺度下润湿性表面对双气泡传热特性的影响

为探究混合润湿表面双气泡生长过程的特点和传热特性,利用格子Boltzmann方法研究混合润湿性表面不同因素对生长和传热过程的影响规律。结果表明:对于纯润湿性表面,随着润湿性的降低,气泡成核时间减少,气泡脱离表面时间呈增加趋势,双气泡生长过程的平均热流密度呈减少趋势。混合表面可以实现相比纯润湿性表面更高的脱离频率和更好的换热效果,混合润湿表面整体脱离频率在(L_(q)/△x)>0.37(△x<30)时呈增加趋势,在(L_(q)/△x)≤0.37(△x≥30)时呈降低趋势;同一距离L_(q)/△x不同疏水尺寸的脱离频率在(L_(q)/△x)>0.37(△x<30)时呈先降低后增加趋势,在(L_(q)/△x)≤0.37(△x≥30)时呈增加趋势;同一距离L_(q)/△x不同疏水尺寸的平均热流密度在(L_(q)/△x)>0.37(△x<30)时呈降低趋势,L_(s)=3(L_(s)/L_(q)=0.27)是最佳换热尺寸,在(L_(q)/△x)≤0.37(△x≥30)时呈先增加后降低趋势,L_(s)=5(L_(s)/L_(q)=0.45)为最佳换热尺寸。

《莫失莫忘》的成长叙事与伦理反思

石黑一雄在《莫失莫忘》中抛弃了常规的线性时间序列,转而采用现在与过去交替并行的波形叙事时间结构,使人物在回忆与现实中来回穿梭,在情感的跌宕起伏中推动情节的展开。克隆人生活在“惩戒规训”和“调节控制”泛滥的社会,虽然有从自我意识到思想启蒙的成长,但逃避不了从空间隔绝到暴力政治带来的生命权利的反成长。小说中的时间结构与成长叙事融为一体,把过去与现在连接起来,将梦想与现实交错呈现,实现了人与物从“现实”之此岸到“过去”之彼岸与从“过去”之彼岸到“现实”之此岸的跨越。波形时间建构的非线性叙事彰显了善意与恶意、希望与绝望、成长与反成长的对抗,引起读者对后现代社会中人的存在与意义的反思。

浸种方式和浸种时间对木薯种茎吸水及茎段幼苗生长的影响

选用木薯品种华南205的长种茎(1.8 m长),采用平浸(平放完全浸泡)和竖浸(浸基部10.0 cm)2种清水浸种方式,分别设置0、6、12、18、24 h共5个浸种时间,以不浸种(0 h)为对照,研究了不同浸种处理后种茎的含水量变化及其基部、中部和顶部3类部位短茎段(15.0 cm长)栽植后幼苗的生长情况。结果表明:随着浸种时间的延长,长种茎的吸水率均显著提高,而吸水速率显著降低;平浸处理的种茎含水量增加量、吸水率和吸水速率分别比竖浸处理显著提高了0.53、3.65、0.29个百分点;竖浸处理的短茎段的出苗率、株高、茎径、根径、茎叶鲜重及茎叶干重均显著高于平浸处理的;浸种12 h处理和不浸种对照的短茎段的幼苗株高、茎径、根数、茎叶鲜重及茎叶干重均优于其他浸种时间处理的;基部和中部茎段栽植的幼苗株高、茎径、单株叶片数、根数、根径、茎叶鲜重、茎叶干重及芽数占比均显著高于顶部茎段栽植的。推荐木薯长种茎以竖浸方式浸种12 h,并采用经浸种处理的长种茎的基部和中部短茎段进行栽植。

生长期对金耳多糖结构特征及抗炎活性的影响

对生长期为25、35、45 d的金耳子实体(Naematelia aurantialba)多糖(分别编号为NAP-1、NAP-2、NAP-3)的得率、多糖含量、糖醛酸含量、分子量分布特征、单糖组成及体外抗炎活性进行比较。结果表明,NAP-3的得率(34.50%)最高,多糖与糖醛酸含量显著高于NAP-1。随着生长期的延长,子实体多糖的重均分子量(weight average molecular weight,M_(w))由1.859×10~6 g·mol^(-1)降低至1.347×10~6 g·mol^(-1)。单糖组成分析结果表明,子实体多糖是一种由木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸以及少量葡萄糖组成的酸性杂多糖。不同生长期的金耳子实体多糖均能抑制脂多糖诱导引起的RAW264.7巨噬细胞NO释放与炎症因子分泌,与NAP-2、NAP-3相比,NAP-1抑制效果最强。通过Pearson相关性分析,发现金耳子实体多糖的体外抗炎活性与其M_(w)和甘露糖的摩尔百分比呈正相关,与木糖的摩尔百分比呈负相关。研究结果可为采收获得高抗炎活性的金耳子实体提供技术参数,对金耳健康产品的开发利用提供参考。

粮食价格支持政策与农业绿色增长:促进或抑制

既有文献罕见同时关注粮食价格支持政策的农业经济增长效应和农业环境效应。区别于以往单一维度的研究,本文把粮食价格支持政策、农业经济增长和农业环境污染同时纳入一个分析框架中,利用异时DID模型和中介效应模型,对粮食价格支持政策与农业绿色增长之间的因果关系及作用机制展开实证检验。研究发现:粮食价格支持政策抑制了农业绿色增长,且该结论具有较强的稳健性;粮食价格支持政策能够通过作物种植结构调整和农业劳动力转移两条路径削减单位面积农业化肥面源污染和减少单位面积农业产值,最终合力引致该政策负向影响农业绿色增长。进一步分析发现,在目前的农业生产模式下,粮食价格支持政策难以兼顾农业“增长”与“绿色”。此结论对进一步把握粮食价格支持政策的影响效应及推动农业绿色增长具有重要的政策参考价值。

融合时序分类的科技领域实体增长预测研究

[目的/意义]科技领域实体增长机制是进行预测型科技情报分析的核心,要有效地进行科技发展态势感知和预测,必须深入了解科技领域细粒度知识增长机制。文章提出并验证了融合时序分类的科技领域实体增长预测方案。[方法/过程]首先,根据实体词频时间序列的增长模式,将实体分为可拟合、有趋势和无规律3种类别;其次,利用曲线拟合、局部加权回归方法抽取特征,构建特征向量,再用MLP模型实现了高精度的实体分类;最后,构建融合时序分类的集成模型与基线模型进行对比验证效果。[结果/结论]根据实验结果,验证显示集成预测模型相对于基线模型,误差减少了13%以上,进一步证实了预测结果在科学性和准确性方面的优势。综合考虑,所提出的融合时间序列分类的实体增长预测方案在可行性和应用价值方面具备潜力。

不同时期涝渍胁迫对蓝莓果实品质和贮藏性的影响

以都克和瑞卡2个露地栽培品种为试材,研究膨果期、转色期涝渍胁迫对蓝莓果实品质和贮藏性的影响。结果表明,涝渍胁迫导致蓝莓落果率显著增加,促进了蓝莓果实单果重、硬度和横纵径的增加。膨果期涝渍胁迫下,2个蓝莓品种果实颜色蓝色强度均降低,且落果率均高于转色期涝渍胁迫。转色期涝渍胁迫下,2个蓝莓品种果实可溶性固形物含量均显著低于对照,可滴定酸含量均显著高于对照。综上,膨果期发生涝渍胁迫后蓝莓落果率相对较高,果实外观品质明显下降;转色期涝渍胁迫导致蓝莓果实可溶性固形物含量降低、可滴定酸含量提高的效果更为明显。

基于分子束外延技术可控制备Bi原子团簇的研究

本研究基于分子束外延(MBE)技术在Si(111)衬底表面成功制备金属Bi原子团簇.首先,分别在100℃、125℃、150℃、175℃、200℃的生长温度下,制备了大小均一、密度不同的Bi原子团簇.实验结果表明,可以通过改变生长温度来精细控制Bi原子团簇的密度,当温度升高100℃,密度从1.05×10^(11)cm^(-2)降低至2.5×10^(7)cm^(-2),实现对团簇密度4个数量级的可控调节,并且发现Bi原子团簇密度对生长温度的依赖性符合经典成核理论.其次,分别在10 s、15 s、20 s的沉积时长下,制备了密度相同、尺寸各异的Bi原子团簇.实验结果表明,可以通过改变沉积时长来精细控制Bi原子团簇的尺寸:当沉积时长增加10 s,高度和直径分别从8.5 nm和65 nm增大到13.7 nm和100 nm,实现对团簇尺寸在10 nm高度、80 nm直径范围的可控调节,并且发现Bi原子团簇尺寸对沉积时长的依赖性符合晶体生长动力学.与分子束外延制备传统的Ⅲ族(Al,Ga,In)原子团簇做对比,这些结果可以为制备Ⅴ族原子团簇提供实验参考和指导,从而促进纳米级含Bi材料的制备.

淮北平原不同时间尺度下的夏玉米干旱特征

【目的】在生长阶段和生长季内起始不定的10d尺度下,对淮北平原夏玉米的干旱时空特征进行研究,探索不同土层深度下的干旱规律,为夏季作物的抗旱灌溉提供更加科学合理的规划依据。【方法】基于干旱严重程度指数(DSI),将2010—2019年表土层(0~10cm)和根系主要分布层(0~50cm)的干旱状态进行分级,并利用M-K检验法和克里金空间插值法,在生长阶段和生长季内起始时间不定的10 d两种较小时间尺度下,对淮北平原夏玉米干旱的时间变化趋势和空间分布特征进行了分析。【结果】(1)自2016年生长季开始,砀山、蒙城、谯城站的干旱程度和频率显著升高,阜阳站干旱程度和频率都显著降低,而宿州站的干旱事件则集中在2010—2012、2019年生长季;与生长阶段尺度相比,部分干旱事件在生长季内起始不定的10 d尺度下的干旱程度更大,干旱频率也更高;(2)各个生长阶段的多年平均干旱指数最高的是播种—出苗期,达到了中旱以上,此生长阶段的干旱频率同时也最高,在40%以上;2种尺度下重旱以上的干旱事件常发生在北部砀山和中部蒙城、宿州区域;0~10 cm土层的干旱频率在西南部较高,0~50 cm土层的干旱频率则在东部和北部较高;(3)生长季内起始不定10 d尺度下,每个生长季干旱程度最高的时段其起始时间多数处于播种—出苗的早期,出苗—拔节的早期,拔节—抽雄的中期,且大都在重旱以上,少数发生在8月与9月。【结论】淮北平原夏玉米在2016年生长季之后有显著的干旱突变趋势,干旱程度和频率常常在播种—出苗期最高,相比于生长阶段时间尺度,在生长季内起始不定的10d尺度下会识别出更高的干旱程度,干旱频率也有所增大,同时能更确定严重干旱事件的发生时段。