Seasonal comparison of bacterial communities in rhizosphere of alpine cushion plants in the Himalayan Hengduan Mountains

Positive associations between alpine cushion plants and other species have been extensively studied.However,almost all studies have focused on the associations between macrofauna.Studies that have investigated positive associations between alpine cushion plants and rhizospheric microbes have been limited to the vegetation growing season.Here,we asked whether the positive effects that alpine cushion plants confer on rhizospheric microbe communities vary with seasons.We assessed seasonal variations in the bacterial diversity and composition in rhizosphere of two alpine cushion plants and surrounding bare ground by employing a high throughput sequencing method targeting the V3 region of bacterial 16 S rRNA genes.Soil properties of the rhizosphere and the bare ground were also examined.We found that cushion rhizospheres harbored significantly more C,N,S,ammonia nitrogen,and soil moisture than the bare ground.Soil properties in cushion rhizospheres were not notably different,except for soil pH.Bacterial diversities within the same microhabitats did not vary significantly with seasons.We concluded that alpine cushion plants had positive effects on the rhizospheric bacterial communities,even though the strength of the effect varied in different cushion species.Cushion species and the soil sulfur content were probably the major factors driving the spatial distribution and structure of soil bacterial communities in the alpine communities dominated by cushion plants.

Nitrification intensity and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in different wetland plant rhizosphere soils

In order to explore the nitrogen removal process in constructed wetlands(CW s),the moisture,ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO3"-N)and nitrification intensity in three wetland plant rhizosphere soils(Acorns calamus,Typha orientalis,Iris pseudacorus)were investigated at a relatively normal temperature range of15to25The relative abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)and ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA)were also achieved using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH).It is found that T.orientalis achieves the highest nitrification intensity of2.03m g(h?kg)while the second is I.pseudacorrs(1.74m g/(h?kg)),and followed by A.calamus(1.65m g/(h?kg))throughout the experiment.FISH reveals that the abundance of bacteria(1010g_1wet soil)is higher than that of archaea(109g_1wet soil),and AOBare the dominant bacteria in the ammonia oxidation process.The abundance of AOB in te rhizosphere soils from high to low T.orientalis(1.88x1010g"1),I pseudacorus(1.23x1010g1),A.calamus(5.07x109g"1)while the abundance of AOA from high to low ae I.pseudacorus(4.00x109g1),A.calamus(3.52x109g"1),T.orientalis(3.48x109g"1).The study provides valuable evidence of plant selection for nitrogen removal in CWs.

Plant growth-promoting properties and anti-fungal activity of endophytic bacterial strains isolated from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta in arid lands

Endophytes,as crucial components of plant microbial communities,significantly contribute to enhancing the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus by their hosts,promote plant growth,and degrade pathogenic fungal mycelia.In this study,an experiment was conducted in August 2022 to explore the growth-promoting potential of endophytic bacterial strains isolated from two medical plant species,Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta,using a series of screening media.Plant samples of Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta were collected from Zhaosu County and Habahe County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,in July 2021.Additionally,the inhibitory effects of endophytic bacterial strains on the four pathogenic fungi(Fusarium oxysporum,Fulvia fulva,Alternaria solani,and Valsa mali)were determined through the plate confrontation method.A total of 80 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Thymus altaicus,while a total of 60 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Salvia deserta.The endophytic bacterial strains from both Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta exhibited plant growth-promoting properties.Specifically,the strains of Bacillus sp.TR002,Bacillus sp.TR005,Microbacterium sp.TSB5,and Rhodococcus sp.TR013 demonstrated strong cellulase-producing activity,siderophore-producing activity,phosphate solubilization activity,and nitrogen-fixing activity,respectively.Out of 140 endophytic bacterial strains isolated from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta,104 strains displayed anti-fungal activity against Fulvia fulva,Alternaria solani,Fusarium oxysporum,and Valsa mali.Furthermore,the strains of Bacillus sp.TR005,Bacillus sp.TS003,and Bacillus sp.TSB7 exhibited robust inhibition rates against all the four pathogenic fungi.In conclusion,the endophytic bacterial strains from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta possess both plant growth-promoting and anti-fungal properties,making them promising candidates for future development as growth-promoting agents and biocontrol tools for plant diseases.

Application Progress of Plant Growth-promoting Bacteria in Crops

Plant growth-promoting bacteria(PGPBs)can promote plant growth and improve crop yield.They can induce plant systemic resistance to resist biotic and abiotic stresses.In recent years,with the development of green ecological agriculture,new biological fertilizers such as microbial inocula and microbial fertilizers based on PGPBs have been gradually applied in crop planting.Based on plant growth promotion and disease control,the application progress of PGPBs in crops from the aspects of growth promotion mechanism,growth promotion effect,resistance to biological and abiotic stresses were discussed,aiming to provide reference for the relevant research and application of PGPBs in crops.

Application of PCR primer sets for detection of <i>Pseudomonas</i>sp. functional genes in the plant rhizosphere

Plant growth promoting pseudomonads play an important role in disease suppression and there is considerable interest in development of bio-marker genes that can be used to monitor these bacteria in agricultural soils. Here, we report the application ofa PCR primer sets targeting genes encoding the main antibiotic groups. Distribution of the genes was variably distributed across type strains of 28 species with no phylogenetic groupingfor the detected antibioticsgenes, phlD for 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) and phzCD for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid or hcnBC for hydrogen cyanide production. Analysis of field soils showed that primer sets for phlD and phzCD detected these genes in a fallowed neutral pH soil following wheat production, but that the copy numbers were below the detection limits in bulk soils having an acidic pH. In contrast, PCR products for the phzCD, pltc and hcnBc genes were detectable in mature root zones following plantingwith wheat. The ability to rapidly characterize populations of antibiotics producers using specific primer sets will improve our ability to assess the impacts of management practices on the functional traits of Pseudomonas spp. populations in agricultural soils.

Assessing bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of 8-year-old genetically modified poplar(Populus spp.)

Microbe communities in rhizosphere ecosystems are important for plant health but there is limited knowledge of them in the rhizospheres of genetically modified（GM） plants, especial for tree species. We used the amplitude sequencing method to analyze the V4 regions of the 16 S r RNA gene to identify changes in bacterial diversity and community structure in two GM lines（D520 and D521）, one non-genetically modified（nonGM） line and in uncultivated soil. After chimera filtering,468.133 sequences in the domain Bacteria remained. There were ten dominant taxonomic groups（with [1 % of all sequences） across the samples. 241 of 551 genera（representing a ratio of 97.33 %） were common to all samples.A Venn diagram showed that 1.926 operational taxonomic units（OTUs） were shared by all samples. We found a specific change, a reduction in Chloroflexi, in the microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil planted with poplars. Taken together, the results showed few statistical differences in the bacterial diversity and community structure between the GM line and non-GM line, this suggests that there was no or very limited impact of this genetic modification on the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere.

Applications of beneficial plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizae in rhizosphere and plant growth:A review

Because of climate change and the highly growing world population,it becomes a huge challenge to feed the whole population.To overcome this challenge and increase the crop yield,a large number of fertilizers are applied but these have many side effects.Instead of these,scientists have discovered beneficial rhizobacteria,which are environmentally friendly and may increase crop yield and plant growth.The microbial population of the rhizosphere shows a pivotal role in plant development by inducing its physiology.Plant depends upon the valuable interactions among the roots and microbes for the growth,nutrients availability,growth promotion,disease suppression and other important roles for plants.Recently numerous secrets of microbes in the rhizosphere have been revealed due to huge development in molecular and microscopic technologies.This review illustrated and discussed the current knowledge on the development,maintenance,interactions of rhizobacterial populations and various proposed mechanisms normally used by PGPR in the rhizosphere that encouraging the plant growth and alleviating the stress conditions.In addition,this research reviewed the role of single and combination of PGPR,mycorrhizal fungi in plant development and modulation of the stress as well as factors affecting the microbiome in the rhizosphere.

Effect of Inoculation with Three Phytohormone Producers Phytobacteria with ACC Deaminase Activity on Root Length of Lens esculenta Seedlings

Plant-associated bacteria that inhabit the rhizosphere may influence the plant growth by their contribution to the endogenous pool of phytohormones and by the activity of ACC deaminase to decrease the ethylene concentration. The aim of this study was to analyse the root length growth by the promoting effect of indole acetic acid producers phytobacteria with ACC deaminase activity, on inoculated seeds of Lens esculenta as synergistic effect on root elongation. In this study, although the roots of L. esculenta seedlings do not show a significant promotion, these phytobacteria could be recommended to treat plants analyzing their added inoculum to increase plant biomass and retard the effect of ethylene on cultures supplied with Tryptophan and ACC.

AMF和PGPR单独或“跨界”互作促进植物耐盐性的研究进展

盐碱地改良和利用对拓展我国后备耕地资源及保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。根际微生物作为植物的“第二基因组”,在提高作物抗盐碱胁迫能力,促进作物“以种适地”方面具有巨大潜力。其中,丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)和植物根际促生细菌(plant growth promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR)均为重要的根际有益微生物,能显著提高植物耐盐性。本文分别总结了AMF和PGPR提高植物抗盐能力的相关研究进展,并进一步梳理了两者协同提高植物耐盐的机制,包括提高养分效率、调节激素内稳态、提高植物诱导抗性以及调控转录因子表达等,最后提出了基于两者跨界组合的改良方向。旨在充分理解盐胁迫条件下微生物耐盐促生的作用机制,为充分挖掘微生物资源潜力和发展生物技术治理盐碱地提供重要的科学支撑。

荒漠植物根际促生菌的筛选及其对青贮玉米幼苗的促生效应

选取实验室前期分离所得的植物根际促生菌(PGPR),对其进行形成生物膜能力、产铁载体能力、产IAA能力、产ACC脱氨酶能力以及溶磷和解钾能力测定,选取具有促生特性的菌株进行盆栽试验。共筛选出16株具有促生特性的菌株,其中BW2-6、MC35、BW35、HS1-1和SHM2在活体试验中促生效果较优。菌株BW2-6对青贮玉米幼苗的株高、基茎粗、地上部干质量、根鲜质量、根长、根表面积、根体积、相对含水量、比根长和全株鲜质量促生效果最佳,相比对照分别增加了81.00%、54.70%、156.79%、163.27%、107.35%、131.18%、175.12%、44.96%、74.48%和190.69%;菌株SHM2对地上部鲜质量和根干质量促生效果最佳,相比对照分别增加了237.85%和72.96%;菌株BW35对平均叶面积促生效果最佳,约为对照的2.33倍;对照组根冠比均高于处理组,处理组中菌株BW35根冠比最高,相比对照降低了10.18%,菌株BW2-6根冠比最低,相比对照降低了51.93%,不同菌株之间促生效果差异显著。主成分分析结果表明,5株对青贮玉米幼苗生长促进作用较好的菌中以菌株BW2-6促生效果最佳。

高寒草地产胞外多糖植物根际促生菌筛选及促生特性研究

【目的】筛选若尔盖高寒草地高产胞外多糖PGPR,为研制适宜若尔盖高寒草地的多糖菌剂及相关产品提供优良菌种资源。【方法】在16℃条件下,利用选择性培养基从高寒草地的波伐早熟禾(Poa poophagorum)和老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)根际筛选高产胞外多糖PGPR,利用16S rDNA测序与系统发育分析明确分类地位,通过接种试验研究菌株和胞外多糖的促生特性。【结果】从两种植物根际筛选到3株产胞外多糖PGPR,其中,菌株NAHP4、PBRS1高产胞外多糖,产糖量分别为1 462.50、1 337.50 mg/L,并兼具固氮、溶无机磷的促生特性;胞外多糖对老芒麦的种子萌发和胚芽生长具有促进作用,高浓度的胞外多糖对胚根生长具有显著抑制作用(P<0.05);接种菌株NAHP4、NBHP13、PBRS1对老芒麦地下部分具有显著促进作用(P<0.05),其中,菌株NAHP4的促进作用最大。【结论】菌株NAHP4作为高产胞外多糖PGPR资源,具有研发适宜若尔盖高寒草地的多糖菌剂及相关产品的潜力。

解磷菌与解磷固氮双效菌对贵州富硒土及茶苗硒锌含量的影响

为探究解磷菌及解磷固氮菌对富硒土壤及茶苗(Camelliasinensis)有效硒(Se)、有效锌(Zn)含量的影响,以2株茶树内生解磷菌(Paraburkholderia fungorum PSt07、Kluyvera intermediaPSt12)及2株茶树内生解磷固氮菌(Paraburkholderia fungorum PMS05、Kluyvera intermedia PCF06)为研究对象,以龙井43和黄金芽的2年生茶苗及贵州省开阳县的富硒红土为供试材料,进行土壤孵育及茶苗盆栽试验,检测接种各菌液60 d后,茶苗Se、Zn含量及土壤有效态的氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、Zn、Se等养分。结果表明,供试菌株可提高两种茶苗根际土有效P含量,并提高龙井43茶树根际土有效N含量。两株解磷菌可提高龙井43根际土有效Se和有效Zn,以及根组织中Se含量,分别为191.83%~573.08%,37.48%~65.88%和24.27%~39.73%,并显著提高两种茶苗叶片的Zn积累量(41.23%~247.65%,P<0.05);两株解磷菌处理下盆栽植株根际土有效Zn含量高于以菌液孵育的土壤,表明茶株与解磷菌共同作用能显著提高土壤Zn有效性。解磷固氮双效菌较解磷菌更有利于提高黄金芽根组织Se含量及根际土的有效Se含量,其中PMS05可使黄金芽茶树根际土有效Se含量较未接菌显著增加602.00%(P<0.05)。Se、Zn在茶叶中的积累因菌株及茶树品种的不同组合而存在较大的差异,在实际应用中,应在菌种选育完成后以肥效验证试验为不同的茶树品种选择最优的解磷菌株。

内生细菌对中国特有植物青檀根际土壤肥力变化的影响

为了探究内生菌对中国特有植物青檀根际土壤肥力变化的影响,选取桂西北常见乡土树种青檀以及石山造林先锋树种任豆为研究对象,采集自然植被样地青檀和人工林对照样地任豆的非根际土壤样品、根际土壤样品和根系样品为试验材料,利用常规的土壤理化分析、细菌培养及16SrRNA测序技术相结合的研究方法,依次分析研究树种非根际土壤细菌、根际土壤细菌及根内生细菌的群落结构特征,并在门和属两个不同水平,对根内生细菌与土壤理化因子的相关性进行分析,进一步说明内生细菌对青檀根际土壤肥力变化的影响。结果表明:(1)不同植被调查样地细菌种群数量具有明显差异,无论是非根际土壤细菌、根际土壤细菌,还是根内生细菌,任豆人工林对照样地明显高于青檀自然植被样地;(2)根内生细菌与根际土壤细菌及非根际土壤细菌彼此联系,相互作用,既有一定数量的共有种,又有各自的特有种,而且特有种的数量明显大于共有种;(3)在不同植被调查样地,菌群数量大小排序为:根际土壤细菌>非根际土壤细菌>根系内生菌;(4)青檀自然植被样地和任豆人工林对照样地,土壤细菌和根内生细菌的优势菌门组成相似,但相对丰度不同,其共有种的优势菌群均为芽孢杆菌属,该属的大部分细菌能在一定程度上改善植物的生长环境,增强植物的抗逆性和抗病能力。因此,青檀的根内生细菌与任豆及其他植物的根内生细菌一样,可以在一定程度上提高根际土壤肥力。

微生物肥料菌种筛选及优化

植物根际促生菌是生活在植物根际土壤中,能够促进植物生长、防病害和增加作物产量的有益菌。由植物根际促生菌制成的微生物肥料,不仅经济、环保,还能大力推动绿色农业的发展。基于此,本实验通过对不同高效解磷菌株与解淀粉芽孢杆菌拮抗作用以及与玉米大斑病病原菌拮抗作用进行评价,筛选出制备微生物肥料的目标菌种,为微生物肥料的进一步研发和利用提供依据。

丛枝菌根及其宿主植物对根际微生物作用的响应

丛枝菌根(AM)真菌和根际微生物均是土壤生态系统中广泛分布的微生物类群,深入研究和揭示根际微生物对AM真菌的作用及其对宿主植物的影响,对于利用和调控土壤根际微环境,促进植物生长,维持生态系统稳定性具有深远的意义。基于此,本研究以AM真菌为中心,通过对当前广泛关注的几种根际微生物类型:根际细菌、根际放线菌、根际真菌和根际线虫等对AM真菌的生物学效应,进而对宿主植物影响的结果,深入分析根际微生物与AM真菌相互作用的生态学机理,为阐明土壤生态系统中根际微生物-AM真菌-宿主植物的相互关系提供理论依据。

植物根际解磷细菌与植物生长发育

综述了土壤解磷细菌(PSB)的种类、数量、分布,解磷能力以及对植物生长发育影响,目的是为解磷菌的开发应用和进一步研究提供信息。众多研究表明,土壤中普遍存在能够分解矿质态磷和有机态磷的微生物,而且植物根际土壤的解磷细菌不仅数量多于土体,其种类也明显多于土体土壤。一些接种试验表明,如果条件适宜,解磷细菌可以分解许多难溶性的磷酸盐,为植物提供有效的磷素营养。除分解矿物态的磷酸盐外,解磷菌对植物还具有促生作用,其机制是解磷菌分泌的激素对植物的生长发育产生了影响。文章最后还对今后的研究作了展望。

硅酸盐细菌的生物效应和根际效应

通过土培和水培试验,探讨了硅酸盐细菌的生物效应和根际效应。结果表明,当硅酸盐细菌的处理浓度在0～250g·L-1浓度范围内时,对小麦种子的发芽率几乎无影响。在0～2g·L-1浓度内,促进小麦苗和根的生长,以2g·L-1浓度对小麦苗和根的促生效果最佳;浓度为2～250g·L-1时,生长促进作用逐渐减弱直至抑制小麦的生长。硅酸盐细菌也能促进玉米苗的生长,对玉米根的促生效果优于地上部。硅酸盐细菌处理的小麦根际pH和速效P含量明显低于对照,而速效K则高于对照。

微纳米曝气对植物浮床处理支浜水脱氮效果的影响

为探索微纳米曝气技术对再力花植物浮床脱氮的影响,研究了不同曝气方式〔微纳米曝气组、鼓风曝气组、无曝气浮床(对照组)〕的处理效果.结果表明,与对照组相比,微纳米曝气组对TN和NH4+-N的去除率提高了13.35%和21.72%,而鼓风曝气组分别提高了5.64%和10.61%.但微纳米曝气形成的富氧环境不利于NO3--N的去除,去除率低于鼓风曝气组和对照组浮床.微纳米曝气对植物的生长有显著改善,试验结束时植物生物量增加了65.38%,而鼓风曝气组、对照组分别只增加了21.05%及63.93%.植物吸收的TN也存在显著差异,微纳米曝气组最高,为90.60 mg,鼓风曝气组为54.84 mg,对照组为63.42mg.微纳米曝气比鼓风曝气具有更好的充氧效果,可显著改变植物根系微环境,有利于植物根系氨化细菌、硝化细菌的生长,但不利于反硝化细菌的生长.

井冈山植物根际土壤微生物的初步研究

利用选择性培养基,对井冈山自然保护区8种不同植物根际土壤的细菌、真菌和放线菌进行了分离和测数,根据菌体形态、培养特征以及生理生化指标,对部分优势菌株进行了初步鉴定。结果表明,8种植物根际土壤微生物以细菌数量最大,真菌数量和放线菌数量相差不大;根际土壤微生物的组成较复杂,细菌共分离到9个属,其中以芽孢杆菌属、土壤杆菌属为主;真菌共分离到11个属,其中以青霉属、毛霉属、曲霉属和木霉属占主要优势;放线菌中链霉菌属占主要优势。

茶树根际土壤解磷细菌的筛选及解磷活性分析

为了获得具有高效解磷活性和应用潜力的根际促生菌,从河南省信阳黄棕壤茶区采集茶树根际土壤样品,采用选择性培养基,以稀释培养法筛选具有解磷能力的细菌。结果表明,共筛选获得具有较强解磷能力的根际细菌36株,其中,解无机磷细菌23株,解有机磷细菌13株;解磷细菌主要分布于芽孢杆菌属、类芽孢杆菌属、伯克氏菌属、肠杆菌属、不动杆菌属和假单胞菌属,其中,芽孢杆菌和类芽孢杆菌为优势种群。解磷特性和活性测定结果表明,蜡样芽孢杆菌、类芽孢杆菌和伯克氏菌兼具解无机磷和有机磷的作用,而假单胞菌仅具有解有机磷的作用;23株解无机磷细菌中,18株的解磷活性大于100μg/mL,13株解有机磷细菌的解磷活性均大于40μg/mL。