Allele Frequency Distribution of the NCAPG c.1326T>G SNP Associated with Growth-Related Traits in Niigata Population of Japanese Black Beef Cattle

Growth performance as well as marbling is the main breeding objectives in Japanese Black cattle, the major beef breed in Japan. A previous study has identified the c.1326T>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the NCAPG (non-SMC condensin I complex, subunit G) gene that leads to the amino acid change p.Ile442Met in the NCAPG protein, which is a candidate causative variation for a bovine carcass weight (CWT) quantitative trait locus (QTL). In this study, we first confirmed the association of the c.1326T>G SNP with the growth-related traits, CWT, rib eye area (REA) and rib thickness (RT), and showed significant effect of the SNP genotypes on the marbling trait, beef marbling score (BMS), in the Japanese Black beef cattle population of the Niigata prefecture, with the G allele being associated with a favorable phenotype of these traits. Thus, we concluded that the c.1326T>G SNP is useful for effective marker-assisted selection to increase meat quality and meat productivity in Japanese Black beef cattle of the Niigata prefecture. Furthermore the frequency of the favorable G allele of the c.1326T>G SNP in the Niigata prefecture population was significantly lower than the frequency of this allele in Japanese Black cattle population of the Kagoshima prefecture. However, no statistically significant difference was detected between the allele frequencies estimated by maternal alleles in the half-sib progeny steers in the Niigata prefecture population and obtained in Japanese Black cattle population of the Kagoshima prefecture.

Quantitative genetic estimates of growth-related traits in the common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.):A review

The common carp(Cyrpinus carpio L.)is the oldest cultured and the most domesticated fish species,as well as one of the most important freshwater fishes in the world.However,scientific studies on evaluating the growth-related quantitative traits in this fish are limited.Heritability,the most important parameter in selective breeding programs,was extensively studied for the growth-related traits.The values varied widely among the experiments and methods used because of the existence of common environmental,dominance and maternal effects.However,correlations in phenotypic and genetic levels first evaluated several years ago were limited.On the other hand,heterosis was widely reported and easily obtained for growth-related traits in the common carp.Meanwhile,genotype environment interaction and prediction of breeding values have been studied recently,and are very important in conducting selective breeding programs.The developmental quantitative genetics of growth-related traits was first analyzed in the common carp for reasonable selection during ontogeny.It is expected that genetic improvement will be achieved by carrying out direct selective breeding in the common carp.

基于ERG理论的护理专科实习生职业认同感干预方案的构建

目的:构建基于ERG理论的护理专科实习生职业认同感干预方案。方法:通过查阅文献、访谈,并结合护理临床实践等制定干预方案初稿,邀请15名专家进行2轮德尔菲专家咨询,按照专家咨询意见对条目进行修改,最终确定干预方案。结果:2轮专家咨询问卷有效回收率均为100%(15/15),15名专家经过2轮咨询后意见趋于一致,专家权威系数为0.850,第1轮咨询指标的重要性和可行性肯德尔和谐系数为0.206,0.117(P≤0.001),第2轮咨询指标的重要性和可行性肯德尔和谐系数为0.208,0.144(P<0.001)。最终构建的干预方案包括环境适应、工作安全、人际沟通、专业技能、职业认同与发展、职业生涯规划6个一级条目,21个二级条目,33个三级条目。结论:该研究构建的基于ERG理论的护理专科实习生职业认同感干预方案具有可靠性、科学性、实用性,对临床护理教育工作的开展具有重要意义。

植物群落邻体间的系统发育关系是否影响邻体效应?

植物群落邻体间的系统发育关系是密度制约的重要预测因子,但在不同研究结论中邻体间系统发育关系对邻体效应的影响不一致。该文基于Web of Science、Google Scholar和CNKI三个数据库,通过关键词检索邻体间系统发育关系对邻体效应的影响的相关文献(1980.01.01~2022.05.01),对标题、摘要和全文进行筛选,纳入分析文献35篇。邻体间系统发育关系对邻体效应的影响有三种:系统发育负密度制约效应(PNDD)、系统发育正密度制约效应(PPDD)和无系统发育密度制约,其文献篇数依次递减。PNDD主要受资源竞争、天敌和病原体的影响;PPDD与共生真菌、生境异质性小和生境过滤相关;而植物早期邻体间无直接的相互作用和性状无系统发育信号会导致无系统发育密度制约。邻体间系统发育密度制约结论不一致主要是因为不同研究地点的环境异质性、研究方法、尺度和研究对象的不同。因此,在探究邻体间系统发育对邻体效应的影响时,应尽可能考虑这些因素的影响。

Effects of IL-17 on Expression of GRO-α and IL-8 in Fibroblasts from Nasal Polyps

Recent studies indicated that interleukin（IL）-17, growth-related oncogene（GRO）-α and IL-8 play an important role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. However, the effects of the increased amount of IL-17 and the production of GRO-α and IL-8 in human nasal polyp fibroblasts are not completely understood. This study aimed to determine the effects of the increased IL-17 on the changes of GRO-α and IL-8 expression in human nasal polyp fibroblasts and further investigate the mechanism of neutrophil infiltration in nasal polyps. Nasal polyp fibroblasts were isolated from six cases of human nasal polyps, and the cells were stimulated with five different concentrations of IL-17. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of GRO-α and IL-8. The mRNA of GRO-α and IL-8 was expressed in unstimulated controls and remarkably increased by stimulation with IL-17. Moreover, the levels of GRO-α and IL-8 produced by fibroblasts were increased gradually with the increases in IL-17 concentrations. The present study showed that nasal fibroblasts can produce GRO-α and IL-8, and their production is remarkably enhanced by IL-17 stimulation, thereby clarifying the mechanism of the IL-17 mediated neutrophil infiltration in nasal polyps. These findings might provide a rationale for using IL-17 inhibitors as a treatment for nasal inflammatory diseases such as nasal polyps.

基于ERG理论的护理人员激励机制研究

护理人力资源在医疗机构的地位日益重要,更多的医院管理者开始考虑和关注护理人员的激励问题。伴随着护理专业的发展,护理人才的专业性也逐渐增强,高端护理人才的人数不断增加。与此同时,护理人力资源的短缺和流失却成为医院人力资源管理的顽疾。文章利用ERG理论,介绍护理人员激励的现状,分析护理人员需要的变化,如何建立良好护理人员激励机制的内外部环境,以及护理人员激励机制的构建。

区域经济增长空间关联性的纵向变化与横向差异实证分析——基于省级、地级数据和空间统计Moran’s I指数方法

基于Moran's I指数的空间自相关性测度可以作为经济活动空间关联性的统计分析方法。运用省级、地级的经济增长数据进行实证分析,结果表明:改革开放三十年来,中国省级市区经济增长指标的Moran's I指数表现了明显的变化阶段性。在加入WTO过渡期,中国地级市区经济增长指标的Moran's I指数既表现了一定的纵向变化,又表现了明显的横向差异。

经济活动关联度、复杂性与地区就业增长--一个精明专业化的分析框架

本文基于1990年、2000年和2010年全国人口普查中30个省份16个行业、66种职业的就业数据,通过本地就业份额的加权相关性,对原理论的关联度和复杂性测度方法做进一步拓展,并将其嵌入"精明专业化"分析框架中,探讨经济活动关联度和复杂性对中国区域就业增长的影响。研究结果发现,中西部地区潜在的增长机会高于东部地区,但实现的风险很高,而东部地区具有更多的"精明专业化"发展机会;经济活动的关联程度越高,地区的就业增长越快;经济活动关联度和复杂性对就业的强且正向效应显著存在于本地表征不足和复杂区域的经济活动中。

生存-关系-成长需要理论视角下护理本科生实习期间激励需求的质性研究

目的 深入了解基于生存-关系-成长需要理论(existence-relatedness-growth theory, ERG)视角下护理本科生实习期间激励需求的真实感受,为制定护理本科实习生的激励措施提供参考依据。方法 采用目的抽样法,2021年1月至3月,选取在广州市3所三级甲等综合医院实习的护理本科生12名,基于ERG视角构建访谈提纲并进行半结构式访谈,采用Nvivo 11.0软件和运用直接内容分析法对访谈资料进行编码、分析和提炼主题。结果 提炼出3个主题和8个副主题,包括生存需求,体现在环境适应、角色转变;关系需求,体现在师生关系、护患关系、同伴关系;成长需求,体现在个人专业技能提升、未来职业规划、物质与精神奖励。结论 护理管理者和临床带教老师应根据护理本科实习生的激励需求来构建实习方案,以激发其积极性、增强职业认同感,从而稳定护理人才队伍。

基于生存-相互关系-成长理论的基层卫生人才有效激励策略探析

目的基于生存-相互关系-成长(existence,relatedness,growth,ERG)理论分析基层卫生人才对3个层次需求的满意度及其相关性,为吸引和留住更多卫生人才在基层服务提供策略。方法根据ERG理论的内涵,用自行设计的问卷对南京市浦口区所有的基层卫生人员进行调查,对工作岗位3个维度的满意情况进行典型相关分析和路径分析。结果生存与相互关系、生存与成长、相互关系与成长之间分别存在典型相关关系(P<0.05)。路径分析显示,成长的系数最大(0.73),生存的系数最小(0.18)。结论基层卫生人才各个层次的需求相互影响,高层次的成长需求对基层卫生人才是否离职的影响最大。

Identification of quantitative trait loci for growth traits in red swamp crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)

Genetic breeding is an important approach to improve the economic traits of aquaculture animals.Unfortunately,the genetic basis for important economic traits of red swamp crayfish,including growth-related traits,has not yet been reported.In the present study,two full-sib families and two natural populations were employed to identify quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for growth-related traits of red swamp crayfish.In total,28 QTLs for five growth-related traits,including body weight,body length,carapace length,carapace width,and abdomen length,were repeatedly identified in more than two families/populations,by means of association analysis;nine of these displayed a heterosis effect.The phenotypic variations of the five investigated traits explained by the 28 QTLs ranged from 4.2%to 19.0%.Eight additive and three heterosis QTLs were further successfully validated using comparative analysis of favoured alleles between the small and big size crayfish groups in the natural population.In conclusion,this study investigated the genetic basis of growth-related traits in red swamp crayfish,which is of great significance for their application in the future molecular breeding of the species.

技术关联与城市产业增长研究

动态外部性对于城市产业增长具有显著影响,考察技术关联与城市产业增长之间的关系,并结合产业特征和区域特征构建产业—空间新增长模型,探讨技术关联对城市产业增长的影响机制。采用1998-2008年中国工业企业数据库的数据,研究发现产业特征和区域特征与技术关联存在相互作用,技术密集型产业的技术关联显著促进产业增长,此外东部地区技术关联越高,产业增长越迅速。研究表明,技术关联对城市产业增长的影响具有显著的促进作用,且在不同产业内部和不同区域间存在显著差异。

A consensus linkage map of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to compare the distribution and variation of QTLs associated with growth traits

The ability to detect and identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in a single population is often limited. Analyzing multiple populations in QTL analysis improves the power of detecting QTLs and provides a better understanding of their functional allelic variation and distribution. In this study, a consensus map of the common carp was constructed, based on four populations, to compare the distribution and variation of QTLs. The consensus map spans 2371.6 cM across the 42 linkage groups and comprises 257 microsatellites and 421 SNPs, with a mean marker interval of 3.7 cM/marker. Sixty-seven QTLs affecting four growth traits from the four populations were mapped to the consensus map. Only one QTL was common to three populations, and nine QTLs were detected in two populations. However, no QTL was common to all four populations. The results of the QTL comparison suggest that the QTLs are responsible for the phenotypic variability observed for these traits in a broad array of common carp germplasms. The study also reveals the different genetic performances between major and minor genes in different populations.

Flesh quality of hybrid grouper(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)fed with hydrolyzed porcine mucosasupplemented low fishmeal diet

Iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets containing 0%,3%,6%,9%,and 12%hydrolyzed porcine mucosa(namely,HPM0,HPM3,HPM6,HPM9,and HPM12)were prepared to evaluate their effects on the growth performance,muscle nutrition composition,texture property,and gene expression related to muscle growth of hybrid groupers(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus\Epinephelus lanceolatus_).Groupers were fed to apparent satiation at 08:00 and 16:00 every day for a total of 56 days.It was found that the weight gain percentage in the HPM0,HPM3,and HPM6 groups did not differ(P>0.05).The cooking loss and drip loss of the dorsal muscle in the HPM3 group were lower than those in the HPM6 and HPM9 groups(P<0.05).The hardness and chewiness of the dorsal muscle in the HPM3 group were higher than those in the HPM0,HPM9,and HPM12 groups(P<0.05).The gumminess in the HPM3 group was higher than that in the HPM9 and HPM12 groups(P<0.05).The total essential amino acid content of the dorsal muscle in the HPM12 group was higher than that in the HPM0 group(P<0.05).The contents of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and total n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid,as well as the ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the dorsal muscle was higher in the HPM0 group than in all other groups(P<0.05).The relative expressions of gene myogenic factor 5,myocyte enhancer factor 2c,myocyte enhancer factor 2a,myosin heavy chain,transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-b1),and follistatin(FST)were the highest in the dorsal muscle of the HPM3 group.The results indicated that the growth performance of hybrid grouper fed a diet with 6%HPM and 27%fish meal was as good as that of the HPM0 group.When fish ingested a diet containing 3%HPM,the expression of genes TGF-β1 and FST involved in muscle growth were upregulated,and then the muscle quality related to hardness and chewiness were improved.An appropriate amount of HPM could be better used in grouper feed.

Characterization of stmn1a and genetic effects of a 22-bp Indel in its promoter region of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis

Stathmin 1(stmn1)gene,which is involved in the control of cell cycle progression,cell proliferation,differentiation and motility,is a crucial relay in the signal transduction of multiple signaling pathways.Reports on the function of stmn1 in fish are scarce.In this study,the characterization and function of stmn1a gene were explored in an important food fish,namely bighead carp(Hypophthalmichthys nobilis).The bighead carp stmn1a(Hynstmn1a)genomic sequence,which has 2995 bp with an ORF of 447 bp,is evolutionarily conserved in teleost fish.The highest level of expression of Hynstmn1a is in the un-fertilized eggs and spleen of adult bighead carp.The overexpression of Hynstmn1a facilitates cell cycle progression and suppresses apoptosis in EPC cells.In an siRNA assay,disruption of stmn1a in EPC cells resulted in the inhibition of cell cycle progression and promotion of apoptosis.Analysis of promoter activity indicated that an upstream transcription factor(foxo4)regulates Hynstmn1a.Zebrafish mutants with stmn1a knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 exhibited a significant retardation of body length(p<0.05).There was no significant difference in body weight between stmn1a-mutant zebrafish and wildtype(p=0.053).A 22-bp Indel in the promoter region of Hynstmn1a with an observed heterozygosity(Ho)of 0.136 in a bighead carp population(n=191).The polymorphism of this 22-bp Indel genotype is significantly associated with body length(BL),head length(HL)(p<0.05),body weight(BW),head height(HH),and head width(HW)(p<0.01),showing its genetic effects on growth promotion.This study sheds light on the function of stmn1a in fish and demonstrates the potential of the 22-bp Indel of Hynstmn1a as a gene marker when selecting breeding individuals for faster growth and a bigger head of bighead carp in aquaculture.