A potential giant gallium deposit hosted in the tailing dam of the Fankou Zn-Pb deposit in northern Guangdong Province, South China

1.Objective The Fankou giant zinc(Zn)-lead(Pb)deposit in Guangdong Province is well-known for its huge reserves of over 10 Mt(million ton)Zn+Pb metals and high ore-grade with Zn+Pb exceeding 15%(Guangdong Fankou Deposit Investigation Group,1980;Zhu XY et al.,2017).After 60 years of exploration and exploitation,the deposit has accumulated millions of tons of tailings.One interesting question is that what components are hosted in these tailings,and whether some key and critical metals such as gallium and germanium are extremely enriched and worth further comprehensive utilization.This motivated us to conduct an integrated set of field investigation,sampling,major-trace element analyses and reserve assessments about the Fankou tailings.In this contribution,we discover that the tailings contain a variety of metal elements such as zinc,lead and gallium with comprehensive utilization potential.These data can act as a scientific guidance for further exploration and utilization of the Fankou tailings,and aid to enhance the utilization efficiency of the key mineral resource in China.Our study also provide demonstration for future green mine construction in China.

Zhongshan:Rising Dragon of Guangdong

My journey to Zhongshan City in Guangdong Province alongside experts,foreign correspondents,and local Chinese journalists proved to be an enlightening exploration of the intricacies of China’s development,especially within its smaller cities.While a brief five-day sojourn wasn’t sufficient for intimacy with the city’s entirety,the immersion into Zhongshan’s cultural,historical,and modern facets,including Zhongshan Museum,urban planning zones,business hubs,an industrial park,ancient villages,Dr.Sun Yat-sen Museum,and a monumental bridge project,left me with the impression that the city is awakening like a dragon ascending from the heart of Guangdong.

Research on the Digital Transformation of the Whole Industry Chain of Guangdong Supply and Marketing Cooperative

Guangdong Supply and Marketing Cooperative serves as an important institution for the“Three Rural Areas”in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Its digital transformation and optimization serve as powerful supports for rural revitalization.This paper systematically reviews the main practices and effectiveness of the digital transformation within the Guangdong Supply and Marketing Cooperative.It also analyzes the current development dilemmas faced in the construction of digital supply and marketing.Additionally,it proposes targeted solutions,including building a big data resource base,optimizing the digital supply and marketing cloud platform,developing digital publictype agricultural social service applications,establishing a new model of rural e-commerce,enhancing the traceability management system for agricultural products,and strengthening the construction of the digital human resources system.These proposals aim to further promote the strategy for revitalizing the countryside.

Application of Traditional Chinese Culture in Cross-Cultural English Education:A Case Study of the Maritime Silk Road in Guangdong Province

The phenomenon of aphasia in Chinese culture is serious.The existing English teaching materials emphasize too much Western culture education and lack traditional Chinese cultural elements.Therefore,this paper takes the Guangdong Maritime Silk Road as an example to study the specific application of traditional Chinese culture in cross-cultural English education.This paper first summarizes the significance of cross-cultural integration into college English education and then points out the serious phenomenon of Chinese cultural aphasia.Next,the paper focuses on English education,using English textbooks as a starting point to explore and integrate strategies related to excellent traditional Chinese culture from the Guangdong Maritime Silk Road.By integrating traditional Chinese culture into business English classes(with the Guangdong Maritime Silk Road as an example),the study explores the influence of such cultural integration on students’cross-cultural communication skills,cultural identity,and learning effects.The results showed that the P value of the experimental group and the control group was<0.05,that is,cultural integration had a positive effect on improving the effect of cross-cultural English education.The overall scores and cultural confidence of the experimental group are higher than those of the control group,which proves that cross-cultural teaching has a positive effect on the improvement of students’scores.

Impacts of Sea Surface Temperature on the Interannual Variability of Winter Haze Days in Guangdong Province

The impact of sea surface temperature(SST)on winter haze in Guangdong province(WHDGD)was analyzed on the interannual scale.It was pointed out that the northern Indian Ocean and the northwest Pacific SST play a leading role in the variation of WHDGD.Cold(warm)SST anomalies over the northern Indian Ocean and the Northwest Pacific stimulate the eastward propagation of cold(warm)Kelvin waves through the Gill forced response,causing Ekman convergence(divergence)in the western Pacific,inducing abnormal cyclonic(anticyclonic)circulation.It excites the positive(negative)Western Pacific teleconnection pattern(WP),which results in the temperature and the precipitation decrease(increase)in Guangdong and forms the meteorological variables conditions that are conducive(not conducive)to the formation of haze.ENSO has an asymmetric influence on WHDGD.In El Niño(La Niña)winters,there are strong(weak)coordinated variations between the northern Indian Ocean,the northwest Pacific,and the eastern Pacific,which stimulate the negative(positive)phase of WP teleconnection.In El Niño winters,the enhanced moisture is attributed to the joint effects of the horizontal advection from the surrounding ocean,vertical advection from the moisture convergence,and the increased atmospheric apparent moisture sink(Q2)from soil evaporation.The weakening of the atmospheric apparent heat source(Q1)in the upper layer is not conducive to the formation of inversion stratification.In contrast,in La Niña winters,the reduced moisture is attributed to the reduced upward water vapor transport and Q2 loss.Due to the Q1 increase in the upper layer,the temperature inversion forms and suppresses the diffusion of haze.

Suitability evaluation on marine ranching in Guangdong,South China

The ecological suitability of marine resources and environmental conditions for marine ranching in Guangdong,South China was evaluated.Niche theory was used to establish an ecological suitability evaluation model for marine ranching site selection,and suitability evaluation of marine ranching was conducted in.Results show that the ecological suitability index of marine ranching site selection was greater than 64.0 in 20 sites,including offshore Shantou Bay,offshore Zhanjiang Port,and Longdou Bay etc.,which are the priority areas for marine ranching.In other 13 sites,the ecological suitability index ranged between 8.0 and 32.0,including Houjiang Bay,Haimen Bay,and Jieshi Bay etc.,indicating the suitability for marine ranching.However,the ecological suitability index was 0 in Shantou Bay,Zhujiang(Pearl)River estuary,Huangmao Sea,Guanghai Bay,Zhanjiang Port,Qiongzhou Strait,and Anpu Port.These sites are thus unsuitable for marine ranching.This study provides a theoretical basis for site selection and planning of marine ranching in Guangdong Province.

Coupling Analysis of Tourism Development and Rural Revitalization in Yannanfei Tea Field Resort of Guangdong Province

By deconstructing the dimensions of rural tourism and rural revitalization and constructing a coupled conceptual model,a coupled evaluation model is constructed.Yannanfei Tea Field Resort in Guangdong is taken as a research case for empirical analysis,to explore the coupled development trend of the two.The results show that①the tourism development of Guangdong Yannanfei Tea Field Resort has a good synergistic relationship with rural revitalization.The two complement and promote each other,and rural tourism has significantly promoted the development of rural revitalization.②The coupling development of tourism development and rural revitalization in Guangdong Yannanfei Tea Field Resort is divided into coupling imbalance period and coupling coordination period.The results indicate that the coordination between the two has not yet reached a level of good coordination and high-quality coordination.It is recommended that the resort should fully utilize the opportunity of rural revitalization strategy,increase investment in rural tourism,promote the transformation and upgrading of the resort,impel the integration of tea and tourism,and develop new business model of tea-tourism rural vacation.

Guangdong Tax Services Help Chinese Companies Go Global

“Over the years,China has explored smart taxation driven by data and technology,”said Chen Liexin from the International Taxation Management Division of Guangdong Provincial Tax Service,the State Taxation Administration(STA)of China,during an exchange activity for young tax officers from the BRICS countries of Brazil。

Quantitative Research on Ecological Compensation among Every City of Guangdong Province Based on Ecological Footprint and Ecological Carrying Capacity

Based on the relative theories and methods of ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity,and according to practical conditions of Guangdong Province,this paper tried to put forward the determinant standard for ecological compensation through calculating the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of every city in Guangdong Province. The results indicated that the ecological footprint of each city was in the status of deficit and the deficit level decreased gradually from developed regions of Pearl River Delta to the outlying regions. The cities which belonged to development areas of Pearl River Delta needed to pay ecological compensation,such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen and so on. In contrast,the cities which accepted compensation were underdeveloped areas,such as Heyuan and Jieyuan and so on.

Prevention and Utilization of Invasive Plants of Agriculture and Forestry in Guangdong Province

Guangdong has become a major＂window＂ for invasive plants, and the largest zone, where cross-border and intercontinental migration frequencies reach the peak. The invasive plants in Guangdong are dominated by Mikania micrantha, Eichhornia crassipes, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Eupatorium odoratum, and Wedelia trilobata. It is an important way for treating the invasive plants by exploring the prevention methods and making ful use of the characteristics of the invasive plants, and it is of great significance to prevent and utilize alien species in a scientific and effective way in order to control the invasive plants with minimal cost.

禽流感病毒A/Goose/Guangdong/3/96(H5N1)NA基因克隆及序列分析

采用RT_PCR技术扩增了禽流感病毒A/Goose/Guangdong/ 3/ 96 (H5N1) (GD3/ 96 )NA基因 ,并对其进行了克隆与测序 ,该苷酸序列测定结果表明 :NA基因全长为 1410bp ,共编码 46 9个氨基酸。其序列与A/Hongkong/ 15 6 / 97(H5N1)、A/Chicken/HongKong/ 2 2 0 / 97(H5N1)、A/Goose/Guangdong/ 1/ 96 (H5N1)及A/teal/Hongkong/W312 / 97(H6N1)分离株核苷酸序列的同源性在88.4%～ 99.0 %之间 ,其相应氨基酸序列的同源性在 89.8%～ 99.2 %之间。氨基酸序列与香港流感分离株氨基酸序列相比 ,在茎部没有出现 19个氨基酸残基的缺失 。

Present status and conservation strategies of mangrove resource in Guangdong, P. R. China

According to the survey of Guangdong mangrove resource in 2001 and authors field investigations in the past 5 years, the total mature mangrove land area of Guangdong Province was estimated at 9084 hm2, accounting for 41.4% of total mangrove land area of China. These mangrove forests totally consisted of 50 species belonging to 28 families, distributed at more than 100 locations along the coastlines of Guangdong and most of them present a high dense and dwarf appearance. The Ass. Avicennia marina is the most dominant mangrove association. The investigation results showed that the mangrove forests with coverage rates above 0.7 accounted for 68.0% of the total mangrove land area of the province and 77.8% of mangrove forests was less than 2 m in tree height. Since 1950, 54.6% of mangrove forests have disappeared due to paddy rice reclaim, aquaculture and city constructions. Derivational conservation efforts are still weakly empowered and should be strengthened intensively. The author suggested that mangrove laws and regulations should be enforced, mangrove scientific research should be strengthened; and mangrove conservation awareness of local community should be raised on conservation of mangroves.

Soil Environmental Quality Evaluation for Wasteland of Coalmine Tailing Polluted by Heavy Metals in Mingshan of Guangdong

ln order to appraise scientifical y the heavy metal contamination in waste-land of coalmine tailing in Mingshan of Guangdong, the 5 soil samples in wasteland of coalmine tailing were col ected in November 2010 to March 2011. The 7 heavy metals content in the contaminated soil was measured by atomic absorption spec-trophotometry. The results showed the pH of the wasteland soil ranged from 2.87 to 6.16, and the soil was relatively infertile. The soil was mainly pol uted by Cd and Mn. The Cd content in wasteland soil ranged from 0.759 mg/kg to 3.109 mg/kg with an average content of 2.052 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Mn content ranged from 387.057 to 488.660 mg/kg with an average content of 421.215 mg/kg, which was much higher than the standard content. The Nemerow integrated pol ution indexes showed the sample 1, sample 4 and sample 5 were of heavy pol ution, and sample 2 and sample 3 were of moderate pol ution.

THE "DIALOGUE" BETWEEN THE FIFTEENTH NATIONAL CONGRESS OF OCP AND GUANGDONG CUSTOMS——Interviewing Liu Wenjie, representative of the Congress, director of Guangdong Customs Branch Office, Director of Guangzhou Customs

The Fifteenth Natlonal Con-gress,a very important andgrand trans—century meeting inthe history Of CCP,was inaugu-rated in Beijing on September 12,1997. Guangdong Customs have sentrepresentatives to attend the Party’sCongress for the first time in his-tory.Among the two representa-tives is Liu Wenjie,director ofGuangdong CUStoms Branch Of-fice and of Guangzhou Customs.On September 23 after conclusionof the Coilgress,this reporter inte-Viewed directory Liu Wenjie in

Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of the Luxi-Xianrenzhang Diabase Dikes in Xiazhuang Uranium Orefield, Northern Guangdong Province

The Luxi-Xianrenzhang diabase dikes were emplaced into the eastern part of the Guidong composite granitoids in northern Guangdong Province at the end of the Early Cretaceous. They show tholeiitic features, enrichment in large ion lithophile elements, slight enrichment in light rare earth elements, depletion in Zr and Hf, and basically no depletion in Nb and Ta and no Eu anomaly. They are similar to intraplate basalt in terms of trace element characteristics. They have high εNd（t） values （3.6-4.9）, initial ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios （0.70530-70641） and δ^18O values and Dupal anomaly of Pb isotope compositions. Their Sr-Nd, Pb-Sr, Pb-Nd and Pb-Pb isotopes plot between DMM and EMII, with Pb similar to EMII, Nd relatively close to DMM and Sr in between. This profile suggests that the diabase dikes studied were derived from partial melting of a mantle source that had been subjected to metasomatism by fluids originated from a subduction zone under a tectonic environment of crustal extension and lithosphere thinning in the late Yanshanian.

Environmental Correlates of Distribution of the 25 Broad-leaved Tree Species Indigenous to Guangdong Province,China

Twenty-five tree species indigenous to Guangdong Province were chosen in this study to portray their distribution patterns in relation to environmental factors. Both data of species distribution and environmental factors were tabulated based on a digitized map of Guangdong Province gridded at 0.5° latitude × 0.5° longitude. Grid-based diversity was mapped using DMAP, a distribution mapping program, and horizontal patterns were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis tests. The diversity center of the indige- nous tree species under study is located north of 23° N. These tree species exhibit significant latitudinal variation (P = 0.007 4), but no significant longitudinal difference (P = 0.052 2). Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) identified five different ecological species groups, while Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed the distribution of tree species along each of the five envi- ronmental gradients. An understanding of the environmental correlates of distribution patterns has great implication for the introduc- tion of the indigenous tree species for afforestation.

Cancer incidence and mortality in Guangdong province,2012

Objective： To estimate the cancer incidence and mortality in 2012 in Guangdong province by analyzing the cancer data of selected population-based cancer registries in Guangdong province in 2012. Methods： Eight of nine population-based cancer registries submitted cancer data to the Guangdong Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention （Guangdong CDC）, whose data met the data quality criteria were included for analysis. The statistics of selected registries, stratified by areas, gender, age and cancer types, were used to estimate the cancer incidence and mortality in 2012 in Guangdong province according to the population data in Guangdong province. Segi＇s population and the national census population in 2000 were used for calculating the age-standardized rates （ASR）. Results： A total of 15,084,942 people, accounted for 17.47% of all population in Guangdong province, were covered in 8 selected population-based cancer registries in 2012. The percentage of cases morphologically verified （MV%） and the percentage of death certificate-only cases （DCO%） were 72.84% and 0.87%, respectively, and the mortality/incidence （M/I） ratio was 0.56. It was estimated that there were 211,300 new cancer cases and 117,300 cancer deaths. The incidence crude rate （CR）, the ASR by Chinese standard population （ASRC） and by world standard population （ASRW）, and the accumulated rate （AR） （0-74 years） were 250.20/100,000 （265.39/100,000 in males, 234.29/100,000 in females）, 207.04/100,000, 201.34/100,000 and 22.91%, respectively, in Guangdong province in 2012. The incidence CR and ASRC were 267.25/100,000 and 221.43/100,000 in urban areas, and 215.51/100,000 and 178.77/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The death CR, ASRC, ASRW and AR （0-74 years） were 148.44/100,000 （190.95/100,000 in males, 105.06/100,000 in females）, 103.73/100,000, 102.44/100,000 and 11.68%, respectively, in Guangdong province in 2012. The death CR and ASRC were 164.57/100,000 and 105.46/100,000 in urban areas, and 124.63/100,000 and 99.97/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. Top 5 cancers were lung cancer, liver cancer, female breast cancer, colon cancer and nasopharyngeal cancers （NPC）, and top 5 death cancers were lung cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, stomach cancer, and NPC in Guangdong province in 2012. Conclusions： Lung cancer, liver cancer, female breast cancer, colon cancer and NPC were the major economic cancer burdens and health concerns in Guangdong province in 2012. Early prevention, diagnosis and treatment of different cancers, survival quality improvement and cancer burden reduction, are important issues we faced in cancer control and prevention.

Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in Guangdong Province based on a cloud model

With a focus on the difficulty of quantitatively describing the degree of nonuniformity of temporal and spatial distributions of water resources, quantitative research was carried out on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in Guangdong Province from 1956 to 2000 based on a cloud model. The spatial variation of the temporal distribution characteristics and the temporal variation of the spatial distribution characteristics were both analyzed. In addition, the relationships between the numerical characteristics of the cloud model of temporal and spatial distributions of water resources and precipitation were also studied. The results show that, using a cloud model, it is possible to intuitively describe the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in cloud images. Water resources in Guangdong Province and their temporal and spatial distribution characteristics are differentiated by their geographic locations. Downstream and coastal areas have a larger amount of water resources with greater uniformity and stronger stability in terms of temporal distribution. Regions with more precipitation possess larger amounts of water resources, and years with more precipitation show greater nonuniformity in the spatial distribution of water resources. The correlation between the nonuniformity of the temporal distribution and local precipitation is small, and no correlation is found between the stability of the nonuniformity of the temporal and spatial distributions of water resources and precipitation. The amount of water resources in Guangdong Province shows an increasing trend from 1956 to 2000, the nonuniformity of the spatial distribution of water resources declines, and the stability of the nonuniformity of the spatial distribution of water resources is enhanced.

Late Paleozoic Fluid Systems and Their Ore-forming Effects in the Yuebei Basin,Northern Guangdong,China

Based on detailed and systematic researches of the geology of ore deposits, fluid inclusions and isotope geochemistry etc., and regarding the Late Paleozoic fluid system of the Yuebei Basin as an integrated object in this paper, we have revealed the temporo-spatial evolution law of the basin＇s fluid system and discussed its ore-forming effects by simulating and analyzing the distribution of ore-forming elements, the fluid thermodynamics and dynamics of evolution processes of this basin. The results show that Late Paleozoic ore-forming fluid systems of the Yuebei Basin include four basic types as follows. （1） The sea floor volcanic-exhalation system developed during the rapid basin slip-extension stage in the Mid-Late Devonian, which affected the Dabaoshan region. It thus formed the Dabaoshan-type Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe sea floor volcanic-exhalation sedimentary deposits. （2） The compaction fluid system developed during the stable spreading and thermal subsidence-compression stage of the basin in the Mid-Late Devonian. The range of its effects extended all over the whole basin. It resulted in filling-metasomatic deposits, such as the Hongyan-type pyrite deposits and pyrite sheet within the Fankou-type Cu-Pb-Zn-S deposits. （3） The hot water circulation system of sea floor developed during the stage of basin uplifting and micro-aulacogen from the late Late Carboniferous to Middle Carboniferous. The range of its effects covered the Fankou region. It thus formed MVT deposits, such as the main orebody of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn-S deposits. （4） The gravity fluid system developed during the stage of fold uplifting and the basin closed from Middle Triassic to Jurassic, forming groundwater hydrothermal deposits, e.g. the veinlet Pb-Zn-calcite orebodies of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn- S deposits. Migration and concentration of the ore-forming fluids were constrained by the state of temporo-spatial distribution of its fluid potential. Growth faults not only converged the fluids and drove them to move upwards, but also the fluids often crossed the faults to the edges of the basin at the bottom of these faults and the lithologic interfaces, and even migrated to the basin＇s edges from top to bottom along the faults, which may be one of the basic reasons for the stratabound deposits to cluster mainly along the contemporaneous faults on the inner border of the basin. The superposed mineralization resulting from the multi-stage activity of contemporaneous faults and ore-forming fluid systems in the basin may be one of the key factors for forming superlarge ore deposits.

Forms and Balance of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Cage Culture Waters in Guangdong Province, China

In order to approach the characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution caused by cage culture and the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus during the process of cage culture, a monitoring was conducted in Daya Bay of Guangdong Province, China from April 2002 to Jane 2003. The results show that the concentrations of total nitrogen （TN） in the waters at the sites with five and ten years of cage culture history are 1.8 and 2.3 times of that at control site respectively. Ammonium （NH3-N） is the main form of nitrogen in spring while nitrate （NO~） in winter. The concentrations of TN, total dissolved nitrogen （TDN） and dissolved organic nitrogen （DON） are highest in autumn. The concentration of phosphorus increases with the increasing of the culturing time, among which phosphate （ PO^-34） increases most obviously. The concentrations of total phosphorus （TP） and total dissolved phosphorus （TDP） are highest in autumn. The nitrogen and phosphorus are accumulated significantly in the sediment of cage culture area. The model of N balance in the cage culture area： bait （70.62%） ＋ fry （0.28%） ＋ input by tide （14.8%） ＋ release from sediment 04.3%） = harvest of adult fish （12.07%） ＋ deposition into sediment （28.75%） ＋ output by tide （56.18%） ＋ others （3.00%）. The model of P balance： bait （83.11%） ＋ fry （0.17%） ＋ input by tide （12.23%） ＋ release from sediment （4.49%） = harvest of adult fish （8.43%） ＋ deposition into sediment （48.59%） ＋ output by tide （41.94%） ＋ others （1.04%）. In one fish growth year, the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in harvest of adult fish are only 17.0% and 10.1% of the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in fish bait and fry, wherein 83% of nitrogen and more than 89% of phosphorus in fish bait became marine pollutants.