Effects of positive psychological control intervention on sleep and psychology of officers and soldiers working at sea

BACKGROUND The working environment of submarine crews is also very special.They are in a closed,high-temperature,high-noise,high-vibration and narrow working and living space for a long time,and they suffer from physical discomfort caused by seasickness,which will affect the mental health of officers and soldiers.American psychologists have achieved positive results in psychological resilience training for officers and soldiers from the perspective of positive psychology.At present,there are few reports on the correlation between psychological resilience in the field of domestic research on submarine crew psychology,and it is necessary to conduct further research.METHODS A total of 121 soldiers working in a confined space of a large ship were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.The 50 soldiers in the experimental group were given a training course intervention,while the 71 soldiers in the control group did not receive any intervention measures.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,Psychological Resilience Scale,military Psycho-logical Stress Self-Assessment Questionnaire,and General Self-Efficacy Scale scores were compared before and 6 months after the intervention.RESULTS Under the positive psychological control intervention,except for sleep efficiency(P=0.05),the difference between the remaining dimensions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores and the total scores of the experimental group compared with the control group was statistically significant(P<0.05);the assessment of the psychological condition showed that,in addition to the Psychological Stress Self-assessment Questionnaire for Military Personnel scores(P=0.05),the scores of the Mental Toughness Scale(Dispositional Resilience Scale Resilience II)in the experimental group,General Self-Efficacy Scale scores were statistically significant(P<0.05)compared to pre-intervention.CONCLUSION Positive psychological intervention and control can improve the sleep state and psychological state of officers and soldiers working in confined space at sea.

军事职业人员高尿酸血症患病情况研究现状

作为国家战斗的有生力量,军事职业人员的健康对于国家安全保障、军队战斗力生成具有重要意义。高尿酸血症作为一种常见的代谢性疾病,是众多疾病的危险因素,近年来患病情况呈现上升与年轻化趋势。我军部队官兵高尿酸血症患病率显著高于地方人群,严重影响官兵健康,已有许多文献对此进行报道。本文主要综述了高原、沿海岛礁环境下的部队官兵,航海、航空人员与火箭军官兵以及军队院校学员、机关干部、离退休干部等其他军队人员的高尿酸血症患病情况,分析了一些可能的原因,旨在为军队对该病的预防控制提供帮助,为军队卫生安全保障、军队战斗力维护提供理论依据,同时指出了军事职业人员高尿酸血症患病情况调查研究中可能存在的不足与问题,并提出了一定的解决措施。

Syncope as a health risk for soldiers: Influence of medical history and clinical findings on the sensitivity of head-up tilt table testing

Background: Syncope is a relevant health problem in military environments. Reliable diagnosis is challenging. Tilt table testing is an important tool for syncope diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether signs such as prodromal symptoms, co-morbidity, frequency of syncopal events, body length, body mass index, and electrocardiography(ECG) abnormalities can be used to predict the success of tilt table testing at diagnosing syncope.Methods: Data from 100 patients with histories of syncope or pre-syncope, who were diagnosed using head-up tilt table testing, were retrospectively analyzed in a cross-sectional analysis. The diagnostic procedure was based upon a modified version of the Westminster protocol without any pharmacological provocation. Results: Patients showing pathological reaction patterns during tilt table testing suffered from prodromal symptoms, such as dizziness and sweating, significantly more often. The patients reported more injuries resulting from syncopal events and more previous syncopal events, and the prevalence of co-morbidity was greater among patients presenting negative findings during tilt testing. An asthenic-leptosomal physique was not confirmed as a risk factor for syncopal events as is the case for idiopathic arterial hypotension. However, patients with pathological reaction patterns during tilt table testing were significantly taller. This finding was detected for both females and males. No significant predictors were found in the ECG patterns of patients showing syncope during tilt table testing.Conclusions: Frequency of prior syncope and prodromal symptoms, and increased body length with an otherwise good state of health influence the predictive value of tilt table testing for syncope diagnosis. In particular, if these factors are present, tilt table testing should be considered part of the diagnostic algorithm for soldiers with recurrent syncope.

Syncope as a health risk for soldiers-influence of medical history and clinical findings on the sensitivity of head-up tilt table testing

Background:Syncope is a relevant health problem in military environments.Reliable diagnosis is challenging.Tilt table testing is an important tool for syncope diagnosis.The aim of this study was to determine whether signs such as prodromal symptoms,co-morbidity,frequency of syncopal events,body length,body mass index,and electrocardiography abnormalities can be used to predict the success of tilt table testing at diagnosing syncope.Methods:Data from 100 patients with histories of syncope or pre-syncope,who were diagnosed using head-up tilt table testing,were retrospectively analyzed in a cross-sectional analysis.The diagnostic procedure was based upon a modified version of the Westminster protocol without any pharmacological provocation.Results:Patients showing pathological reaction patterns during tilt table testing suffered from prodromal symptoms,such as dizziness and sweating,significantly more often.The patients reported more injuries resulting from syncopal events and more previous syncopal events,and the prevalence of co-morbidity was greater among patients presenting negative findings during tilt testing.An asthenic-leptosomal physique was not confirmed as a risk factor for syncopal events as is the case for idiopathic arterial hypotension.However,patients with pathological reaction patterns during tilt table testing were significantly taller.This finding was detected for both females and males.No significant predictors were found in the electrocardiogram patterns of patients showing syncope during tilt table testing.Conclusions:Frequency of prior syncope and prodromal symptoms,and increased body length with an otherwise good state of health influence the predictive value of tilt table testing for syncope diagnosis.In particular,if these factors are present,tilt table testing should be considered part of the diagnostic algorithm for soldiers with recurrent syncope.

Unilateral foveomacular retinitis resembling solar retinopathy among young soldiers in Korean army and associated multimodal imaging findings

AIM: To describe the clinical features and multimodal images of unilateral foveomacular retinitis in young Korean soldiers. METHODS: Ten patients having foveomacular retinitis were included. Fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence(FAF), infrared reflectance(IR), and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) were analyzed.RESULTS: All patients were young males experienced insidious visual decline without exposure to bright light. Initial and final vision ranged from hand movement to 20/20(median 20/200) and 20/2000 to 20/20(median 20/500), respectively. Vision decreased in 6 patients while improved in two. Typical macular abnormality was yellow granular spots. SD-OCT showed ellipsoid zone(EZ) or interdigitation zone(IZ) disruption of fovea. The degree of EZ/IZ damage correlated with vision. Lesions were clearly visualized through IR and matched with SD-OCT findings.CONCLUSION: This is the first case series of foveomacular retinitis diagnosed with multimodal imaging. Foveomacular retinitis should be suspected in sudden unilateral visual decline especially in young soldiers. SD-OCT is the most important diagnostic modality.

Population Awareness of Newly Conscripted Soldiers

A survey of population and family planning awareness was con-ducted in 1996 among newly conscripted soldiers serving in the Air Force of the Shenyang Military Area.

The Makings of an Icon： Analysis of Photograph of Israeli Soldiers

This study analyses an iconic photograph of Israeli paratroopers, photographed in Jerusalem in 1967. It explores how visual and formal structural components in the image function in this photograph and how they contribute to the process of creating an icon. It explores the mechanisms that exist in visual icons and addresses the question of why some press photographs turn into iconic images while other do not, and if there is a connection between the visual structural elements in the images and the way they are perceived by the public. The study discusses how this visual logic correlates with other elements such as public opinion and myths.

Mechanism Design and Simulation about an Exoskeleton Jumping Assisting Intelligence System for Soldiers

The Lower Limbs Exoskeleton jumping assisting Intelligence System （LLEIS） can be used to improve ma- neuverability of soldiers with key technologies of human motion characteristics recognition and design of an intelli- gence power assisting device. Data on the movement of human lower limbs has been collected by using three kinds of instruments to research the parameters of characteristics recognition. The results indicated that the optimal angle be- tween knee and ankle is 157° for jumping assistance, and the peak force on the arch is 80 N in upward jumping and much lower in forward jumping. The LLEIS simplified model is accomplished under UG and exported into AD- AMS for the kinematics and dynamics simulation. The research findings indicate that the LLEIS can be used to enhance carrying and hopping ability of lower limbs effectively and as a reference for the design of a real system.

“The Iron Army from Wumeng”——One Story about Chinese Soldiers in Sichuan Earthquake

At 14：28 hours （Beijing time） of May 12, 2008, a magnitude 8 earthquake jolted nearly half of Asia.Barely eight hours had passed before a regiment of the Chinese People＇s Liberation Army （PLA） left its base for the hardest-hit Sichuan Province to save lives. The No. 18 Artillery Regiment of the PLA 14th Army Group Corps arrived in Chengdu, the provincial capital, the following day. alighting from the at 18：00 hours of Immediately after train, officers and soldiers of the regiment were ordered to head for Mianzhu County just a few dozen kilometers from Wenchuan County, the epicenter, where up to 80% of the buildings had collapsed.

黑水虻处理城镇污泥和餐厨垃圾的性能评价

利用黑水虻处理不同比例的城镇污泥和餐厨垃圾混合物,考察黑水虻幼虫生长发育状况,研究黑水虻对城镇污泥和餐厨垃圾的处理效果并通过测定黑水虻虫粪重金属含量进行安全性评价.结果表明,黑水虻处理城镇污泥和餐厨垃圾的幼虫存活率均大于93%;黑水虻干重(189~299g)随着城镇污泥比例的增加而降低;黑水虻虫体粗脂肪含量为7.73%~26.81%,蛋白质含量为22.80%~36.65%.黑水虻处理城镇污泥和餐厨垃圾减量率超过57%,幼虫生物量为13.8%~23.9%;虫粪有机质含量为60.86%~95.22%,N、P、K总养分含量为4.20%~6.58%;黑水虻处理后其粪便中Cr、Cd、As、Pb、Cu重金属元素含量降低,表明黑水虻粪便具有较大的肥料化利用价值.黑水虻处理技术可实现城镇污泥和餐厨垃圾的减量化和资源化.

复杂环境下基于视觉/惯性的单兵自主定位性能评估

针对在卫星信号拒止等复杂环境下单兵自主定位精度低的问题,提出基于视觉/惯性测量单元(IMU)的单兵自主定位技术。将高效的IMU初始化方法融合到ORB-SLAM3算法并应用于单兵自主定位技术中,评估了单兵实时运动整体定位精度,重点分析了改进ORB-SLAM3算法在单目/IMU、双目/IMU下的定位精度准确性和鲁棒性。实验表明:在复杂树林环境下,单兵在基于视觉/IMU自主定位时,改进算法的IMU初始化时间最少提高了10 s,双目/IMU的估计轨迹曲线更加吻合实际运动轨迹曲线。在绝对轨迹误差的各项评估指标中,双目/IMU比单目/IMU的均方根误差提高了24.67%,而且定位精度和鲁棒性都要优于单目/IMU,为城市巷战中单兵自主高精度定位的实现提供了一种切实可行的思路和举措。

甘蔗渣和菠萝渣对黑水虻幼虫生长发育和肠道微生物的影响

本研究旨在研究甘蔗渣和菠萝渣饲喂黑水虻Hermetia illucens幼虫对其幼虫的生长性能及其肠道微生物的影响。试验分别以未发酵和自然发酵的甘蔗渣、菠萝渣为基础饲料,辅以不同比例的豆腐渣配制成不同饲料配方喂养黑水虻,测定黑水虻幼虫的生长性能及肠道微生物。结果显示,与以纯豆腐渣为基础饲料的对照(CK)相比,处理Ⅳ(80%发酵菠萝渣+20%豆腐渣)喂养黑水虻幼虫可显著提高预蛹前黑水虻幼虫平均体长、体重、生长性能及饲料利用率,降低料重比,养殖7 d后幼虫平均体长、体重、获得生物量、生长率、饲料利用率分别比CK高11.58%、46.69%、47.12%、46.75%、24.10%,料重比降低了19.18%。分别与以未发酵果渣为基础饲料的处理(Ⅰ、Ⅲ)相比,处理Ⅱ和Ⅳ提高了黑水虻预蛹前幼虫平均体长、体重、幼虫生长率和饲料利用率,降低了料重比。黑水虻幼虫肠道菌群聚类良好,处理Ⅰ~Ⅳ黑水虻幼虫肠道中,拟杆菌门的平均相对丰度显著高于CK,而处理Ⅱ~Ⅳ厚壁菌门的平均相对丰度显著低于CK,处理Ⅰ厚壁菌门的平均相对丰度差异低于CK但不显著。与CK比,处理Ⅰ~Ⅳ黑水虻幼虫肠道中,营发酵单胞菌属相对丰度(40.10%以上)显著增加,肠球菌属相对丰度显著降低,摩根氏菌属、放线菌属相对丰度降低但差异不显著,普罗威登斯菌属相对丰度增加但差异不显著。研究表明,处理Ⅳ黑水虻幼虫生长性能和饲料转化性能优于其他处理,发酵果渣处理优于非发酵处理,且不同饲料配方会引起黑水虻幼虫肠道菌群相对丰度的改变。

“在在皆耕兵”:明后期广西东部耕兵体系的形成

土司制度在明代西南边疆治理中发挥着重要作用。兵源主要来自土司地区的耕兵是明代广西创设的一种特殊军事力量。明正德、嘉靖之际,由于广西地区募兵政策的小范围运用,来自桂西土司的土兵逐渐进入到既有兵堡之中,并与自明初以来就已经在桂东地区颇为普遍的“招獞防猺”政策相结合,嘉靖九年(1530)最先在桂林形成了第一次大规模的耕兵创设。随着隆庆六年(1572)古田善后模式的确立,耕兵制度进一步被广西当局所鼓励,广西耕兵体系在桂东地区得以大规模的推行开来。到了万历中期,已经形成了取代卫所旗军、地方民壮最为重要的维系桂东地方稳定的防卫力量,分布于桂东“猺獞”动乱最为突出的区域周边。随着时间推移,大量来自桂西的耕兵在桂东落地生根,渐次融入地方社会之中,并对后世广西民族分布格局产生了深远影响。

部队官兵科技素养内涵分析和提升路径

基层官兵只有具备较高的科技素养,才能熟练掌握新武器、提高新技能、探索新战法,才能使新装备加速形成战斗力。研究从科技素养的概念、官兵科技素养的基本内涵出发,分析了新时代官兵科技素养的能力谱系及提升官兵科技素养的重要意义,从机理研究、知识供给、学习形式和环境政策等方面为官兵科技素养提升提出对策建议,为多方位培塑官兵科技素养提供参考借鉴。

不同乳酸菌固态发酵对黑水虻幼虫营养价值的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同乳酸菌固态发酵对黑水虻幼虫中主要营养成分、pH、乳酸和多肽含量的影响,试验分为4组,分别为对照组(未发酵)、试验1组(植物乳杆菌组)、试验2组(粪肠球菌组)、试验3组(嗜酸乳杆菌组),每组3个平行。将黑水虻幼虫与麸皮按1:1混合,分别添加发酵用种子液,将混匀后的样品分别装入发酵袋中,放于35℃人工气候箱中发酵3 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验1组、2组、3组粗纤维含量均显著下降(P﹤0.05);缬氨酸含量分别增加了11.25%(P﹤0.05)、10.00%(P﹤0.05)和16.25%(P﹤0.05),脯氨酸含量分别增加了15.73%(P﹤0.05)、13.75%(P﹤0.05)和8.99%(P﹤0.05);各组之间乳酸含量差异极显著(P﹤0.01),其中试验1组乳酸含量最高,达到了8.72%;发酵后,各试验组pH显著下降(P﹤0.01),其中试验1组pH最低;发酵后3个试验组多肽含量均显著升高(P﹤0.01)。综合考虑,优先选择植物乳杆菌作为黑水虻发酵饲料发酵剂。

依托雷达兵战术专业教室的想定作业课程“四步”教学法

为提高想定作业课程教学效果和人才培养质量,根据指挥专业毕业期班学员特点,提出基于雷达兵战术专业教室的想定作业课程“四步”教学法.该教学法以作战任务为牵引,以雷达兵战术专业教室为支撑,规范了想定作业教学的组织实施流程和方法,提升了信息化教学水平,突出学员核心指挥能力的培养.教学实践表明,该教学法效果明显,为指挥专业其他课程教学改革提供了借鉴.

祀与戎:谁持彩练当空舞?——读王子今《中国女军史》

父权制社会中“战争让女人走开”即成定论,女人因此“未载史册”似乎是天经地义的。王子今《中国女军史》从现代人的视角出发,以大量翔实的史料为依据,证明中国战争史上女性始终是在场的,为“女军”在公众视野中消失及其历史性的缺席讨公道。王子今依托训练有素的史学涵养,在不可见的“女军”名下让我们依稀看到了沿袭有序的“史”的线索。在《中国女军史》的基础上对“女人与战争”的关系作宏观梳理,可在中华文明的地缘文化属性中对妇女参战及其相关的军事活动作性别分析。

黑水虻利用有机固废开发新型饲料蛋白与碳减排研发现状和展望

黑水虻作为一种重要的资源昆虫,可以处理多种有机固废,收获虫体生物质。黑水虻虫体富含蛋白质、脂肪等营养物质,在畜禽与水产的饲料中可有效替代鱼粉和豆粕而作为新型饲料蛋白资源。黑水虻幼虫处理有机固废还可以有效减少处理过程中的碳排放,将更多的碳元素以有机物的形式固定在虫体生物质上。文章从以下几个方面进行了综述:黑水虻转化不同有机固废,及其不同废弃物搭配对黑水虻转化及黑水虻营养的影响;微生物对黑水虻转化有机固废获得黑水虻生物质、蛋白的影响;黑水虻转化有机固废的无害化;黑水虻替代鱼粉和豆粕,是极具潜力的新型“开源”饲料蛋白;黑水虻中功能性蛋白(肽)的开发利用-用于饲料蛋白“节流”;黑水虻在固碳减排方面的作用;同时对黑水虻未来研究与开发方向进行了展望,以期为黑水虻资源的开发利用提供参考。

黑水虻幼虫肠道微生物的功能及组学应用

黑水虻Hemertia illucens幼虫肠道中栖息着许多种类的微生物,这些微生物与宿主之间的相互作用极为复杂,它们可以影响宿主的生长发育、繁殖能力、营养代谢、行为偏好和寿命。此外,它们还可以调节宿主的免疫系统并保护宿主免受病原体的侵害。深入了解微生物与黑水虻的互作机制,有助于优化黑水虻的生长环境,从而实现更高效的人工繁育。相关文章对微生物与黑水虻互作机理进行了总结,但这些研究方法只能提供微生物群落的结构信息,而无法揭示微生物的功能和代谢能力。因此,宏基因组学、宏转录组学、宏蛋白质组学和代谢组学逐渐被应用,这些技术除了提供关于微生物种群的完整分类,还揭示了它们的功能和代谢能力。通过了解肠道菌群的组成和功能,可以有效调整黑水虻的饲料、饲养环境和生长条件,从而提升黑水虻肠道菌群的稳定,提高黑水虻的生产性能和经济效益。

20世纪50—70年代诗歌中的干部书写

在20世纪50—70年代的诗歌中,干部成为一个常态化的书写对象。虽然其一般具有同质化的特征,但也根据题材、语境、视角的差异而分化出不同的意义形态。同时,部分带有逾越性的形象既丰富了干部的可能面向,也追问着干部形象在建构过程中存在的问题。在诗歌中,作为知识分子与工农兵关系的中介,干部形象呈现出聚合性、附加性与修辞性,这是其政治诗学路径的症结所在。