While autonomous vehicles are vital components of intelligent transportation systems,ensuring the trustworthiness of decision-making remains a substantial challenge in realizing autonomous driving.Therefore,we present...While autonomous vehicles are vital components of intelligent transportation systems,ensuring the trustworthiness of decision-making remains a substantial challenge in realizing autonomous driving.Therefore,we present a novel robust reinforcement learning approach with safety guarantees to attain trustworthy decision-making for autonomous vehicles.The proposed technique ensures decision trustworthiness in terms of policy robustness and collision safety.Specifically,an adversary model is learned online to simulate the worst-case uncertainty by approximating the optimal adversarial perturbations on the observed states and environmental dynamics.In addition,an adversarial robust actor-critic algorithm is developed to enable the agent to learn robust policies against perturbations in observations and dynamics.Moreover,we devise a safety mask to guarantee the collision safety of the autonomous driving agent during both the training and testing processes using an interpretable knowledge model known as the Responsibility-Sensitive Safety Model.Finally,the proposed approach is evaluated through both simulations and experiments.These results indicate that the autonomous driving agent can make trustworthy decisions and drastically reduce the number of collisions through robust safety policies.展开更多
RIO(RED with IN and OUT) is the primary queue management mechanism proposed for assured forwarding in the DiffServ (Differentiated Service) framework. Although RIO can generally provide bandwidth guarantees, its queui...RIO(RED with IN and OUT) is the primary queue management mechanism proposed for assured forwarding in the DiffServ (Differentiated Service) framework. Although RIO can generally provide bandwidth guarantees, its queuing delay is sensitive to the traffic load. This paper presents a qualitative explanation for its origin. As a solution, an Adaptive RIO for Delay (ARIO-D) is proposed to provide guaranteed delay for multimedia traffic. Simulation results show that by trading loss for delay, ARIO-D can effectively improve the robustness of RIO under different and dynamic traffic, and provide stable and differentiated performance of queuing delay without any degradation in performance of throughput.展开更多
Background: The 11th Annual Conference of Asia-Pacific Risk and Insurance Association was held on July 22-25, 2007 in Taipei, Taiwan. The first author participated in this annual conference where he met the second aut...Background: The 11th Annual Conference of Asia-Pacific Risk and Insurance Association was held on July 22-25, 2007 in Taipei, Taiwan. The first author participated in this annual conference where he met the second author who was invited to deliver two plenary speeches on Corporate Governance and Financial Institution Regulation [1] and Alternative Investments for Financial Institutions [2]. The first author was then working as consultant with i-flex solutions, a subsidiary of Oracle and the second author was Vice President of Strategic Business Initiatives Units at ING Life Insurance in its Taiwan operation. The two authors decided to start collaborating on a research paper titled “Modeling Policyholder Behavior through Insurance Resonant Marts for Pricing Options and Guarantees.” The first version of the paper was submitted for research purposes to ING Insurance Risk Management Global Conference 2007 [3] which was held in Beijing, China. Although it was neither presented nor published, the working draft was constantly updated and revised. In 2015, after eight years of continuous research collaboration, the two authors decided to submit the final version of the paper to the 5th World Congress on Engineering and Technology for scholarly presentation. Aim: The competition in the insurance industry is extremely fierce. Insurance companies are under tremendous pressure to retain and increase their customer base, to offer services at attractive rates and provide returns competitive with mutual funds, equities and banks, to achieve profitability across various lines of insurance, to comply with statutory norms etc. Despite having the best of breeds, such as accountants, actuaries [4], lawyers, underwriters, IT experts, consultants, etc., many insurance companies face severe problems to cope with and survive under such pressures. Insurance companies are now striving towards creating innovative products that can match the expectation of the customers with respect to investment returns and risk coverage at competitive rates, which is a very challenging task. Also it is very important to measure the expectations of the customers keeping in mind that those customers are already owners of other financial products. Pricing always follows the expectations and without proper data support, Model risk is imminent. Even if a product is correctly priced, without understanding the behavior of the policyholder towards various financial products will lead to heavy lapses [4]. The authors describe a new framework called UIRDM Approach (Unified Insurance Resonant Data Mart) for the insurance companies wherein this approach stresses the need to think beyond the insurance boundaries.展开更多
It is the responsibility of governments to supervise and regulateproduct quality to protect consumers and prevent failures in the product qualityguarantee system.Appropriate supervision will help safeguard the interes...It is the responsibility of governments to supervise and regulateproduct quality to protect consumers and prevent failures in the product qualityguarantee system.Appropriate supervision will help safeguard the interests ofconsumers,promote product quality,and resolve disputes.The extent of supervisionshould be guided by the principle of need for state intervention andneeds to be highly diversified.展开更多
China's legislature is soliciting comments and suggestions to the draft of Employment Promotion Law as an endeavor to democratize its process of legislation. Up to April 25 the National People's Congress had receive...China's legislature is soliciting comments and suggestions to the draft of Employment Promotion Law as an endeavor to democratize its process of legislation. Up to April 25 the National People's Congress had received over 11,000 items of comments and suggestions.展开更多
The Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural China.Despite the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycle...The Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural China.Despite the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycles,little is known about the impact of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes.Using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper examines the effects of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes and investigates potential pathways and heterogeneous effects.We exploit propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques to evaluate the effects of the Rural Dibao program on child nutrition outcomes.Our results suggest that Rural Dibao significantly impacts the nutrition outcomes of children up to 15 years of age.Specifically,our results suggest that Rural Dibao improves child height-to-age z-scores by 1.05 standard deviations and lowers the probability of stunting by 11.9 percentage points.Additional analyses suggest that increased protein intake is the main pathway through which Rural Dibao participation contributes to better nutrition outcomes.We also find that the effect of the program is more pronounced among girls,children who are non-left-behind or live with highly educated mothers,and those from low-income families and poor areas.Our findings suggest that Rural Dibao participation helps improve child nutrition outcomes through improving diet quality.展开更多
1 Legal requirements The author(s) guarantee(s) that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,an...1 Legal requirements The author(s) guarantee(s) that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers.Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.展开更多
1 Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and ...1 Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s)and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers.Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.展开更多
1 Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and ...1 Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.展开更多
Legal requirements The author(s) guarantee(s) that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and ...Legal requirements The author(s) guarantee(s) that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.展开更多
1Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and t...1Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.展开更多
1 Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and ...1 Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.展开更多
1 Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and ...1 Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s)and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers.展开更多
1 Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and ...1 Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s)and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers.展开更多
Dear Editor,to This letter deals with the output feedback stabilization of a class of high-order nonlinear time-delay systems with more general low-order and high-order nonlinearities.By constructing reduced-order obs...Dear Editor,to This letter deals with the output feedback stabilization of a class of high-order nonlinear time-delay systems with more general low-order and high-order nonlinearities.By constructing reduced-order observer,based on homogeneous domination theory together with the adding a power integrator method,an output feedback controller is developed guarantee the equilibrium of the closed system globally uniformly asymptotically stable.展开更多
The safety of agricultural industry in Hunan Province shows an upward trend from"basically safe"to"very safe",but the state in the"safe"or"very safe"range is still unstable.In v...The safety of agricultural industry in Hunan Province shows an upward trend from"basically safe"to"very safe",but the state in the"safe"or"very safe"range is still unstable.In view of this,Hunan Province should guarantee the agricultural production ability,cultivate and enhance the core competitiveness of agriculture,firmly grasp the agricultural control power,attach importance to the export quality of agri-cultural products and other aspects to ensure the safety of agricultural industry.展开更多
This year's government work report proposed to strengthen the service guarantee for foreign investment and build a brand of"Invest in China".Recently,the General Office of the State Council issued the Ac...This year's government work report proposed to strengthen the service guarantee for foreign investment and build a brand of"Invest in China".Recently,the General Office of the State Council issued the Action Plan for Steadily Prom oting High-level Opening-up and Making Greater Efforts to Attract and Utilize Foreign Investment,which made specific arrangements for building the brand of"Invest in China"."Invest in China"has become one of the key words for stabilizing foreign investment in 2024.展开更多
Infrastructure construction by Chinese enterprises in Malaysia began in 1984.In recent years,Chinese enterprises have continuously improved their technical abilities while keeping pricing reasonable and guaranteeing c...Infrastructure construction by Chinese enterprises in Malaysia began in 1984.In recent years,Chinese enterprises have continuously improved their technical abilities while keeping pricing reasonable and guaranteeing completion deadlines when building in Malaysia.Over the years,Malaysia has gradually recognized the professionalism and capability of Chinese enterprises.Since 2013,policy support from Malaysia has accelerated Chinese infrastructure construction there.Bilateral infrastructure cooperation in sectors of transportation,electricity,renewable energy,and the digital economy has helped Malaysia improve its development environment.展开更多
Deng Xiaoping met with Margaret Thatcher after signing the Sino-British Joint Declaration in Beijing,stressing that China will adopt a "one country,two systems"policy when it resumes sovereing right over Hon...Deng Xiaoping met with Margaret Thatcher after signing the Sino-British Joint Declaration in Beijing,stressing that China will adopt a "one country,two systems"policy when it resumes sovereing right over Hong Kong.(19 December 1984)展开更多
基金supported in part by the Start-Up Grant-Nanyang Assistant Professorship Grant of Nanyang Technological Universitythe Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*STAR)under Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering(AME)Young Individual Research under Grant(A2084c0156)+2 种基金the MTC Individual Research Grant(M22K2c0079)the ANR-NRF Joint Grant(NRF2021-NRF-ANR003 HM Science)the Ministry of Education(MOE)under the Tier 2 Grant(MOE-T2EP50222-0002)。
文摘While autonomous vehicles are vital components of intelligent transportation systems,ensuring the trustworthiness of decision-making remains a substantial challenge in realizing autonomous driving.Therefore,we present a novel robust reinforcement learning approach with safety guarantees to attain trustworthy decision-making for autonomous vehicles.The proposed technique ensures decision trustworthiness in terms of policy robustness and collision safety.Specifically,an adversary model is learned online to simulate the worst-case uncertainty by approximating the optimal adversarial perturbations on the observed states and environmental dynamics.In addition,an adversarial robust actor-critic algorithm is developed to enable the agent to learn robust policies against perturbations in observations and dynamics.Moreover,we devise a safety mask to guarantee the collision safety of the autonomous driving agent during both the training and testing processes using an interpretable knowledge model known as the Responsibility-Sensitive Safety Model.Finally,the proposed approach is evaluated through both simulations and experiments.These results indicate that the autonomous driving agent can make trustworthy decisions and drastically reduce the number of collisions through robust safety policies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60202005) theFoundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education in P.R.Chinaalso supported in part by the Australian Research Council (No.LX0240468).
文摘RIO(RED with IN and OUT) is the primary queue management mechanism proposed for assured forwarding in the DiffServ (Differentiated Service) framework. Although RIO can generally provide bandwidth guarantees, its queuing delay is sensitive to the traffic load. This paper presents a qualitative explanation for its origin. As a solution, an Adaptive RIO for Delay (ARIO-D) is proposed to provide guaranteed delay for multimedia traffic. Simulation results show that by trading loss for delay, ARIO-D can effectively improve the robustness of RIO under different and dynamic traffic, and provide stable and differentiated performance of queuing delay without any degradation in performance of throughput.
文摘Background: The 11th Annual Conference of Asia-Pacific Risk and Insurance Association was held on July 22-25, 2007 in Taipei, Taiwan. The first author participated in this annual conference where he met the second author who was invited to deliver two plenary speeches on Corporate Governance and Financial Institution Regulation [1] and Alternative Investments for Financial Institutions [2]. The first author was then working as consultant with i-flex solutions, a subsidiary of Oracle and the second author was Vice President of Strategic Business Initiatives Units at ING Life Insurance in its Taiwan operation. The two authors decided to start collaborating on a research paper titled “Modeling Policyholder Behavior through Insurance Resonant Marts for Pricing Options and Guarantees.” The first version of the paper was submitted for research purposes to ING Insurance Risk Management Global Conference 2007 [3] which was held in Beijing, China. Although it was neither presented nor published, the working draft was constantly updated and revised. In 2015, after eight years of continuous research collaboration, the two authors decided to submit the final version of the paper to the 5th World Congress on Engineering and Technology for scholarly presentation. Aim: The competition in the insurance industry is extremely fierce. Insurance companies are under tremendous pressure to retain and increase their customer base, to offer services at attractive rates and provide returns competitive with mutual funds, equities and banks, to achieve profitability across various lines of insurance, to comply with statutory norms etc. Despite having the best of breeds, such as accountants, actuaries [4], lawyers, underwriters, IT experts, consultants, etc., many insurance companies face severe problems to cope with and survive under such pressures. Insurance companies are now striving towards creating innovative products that can match the expectation of the customers with respect to investment returns and risk coverage at competitive rates, which is a very challenging task. Also it is very important to measure the expectations of the customers keeping in mind that those customers are already owners of other financial products. Pricing always follows the expectations and without proper data support, Model risk is imminent. Even if a product is correctly priced, without understanding the behavior of the policyholder towards various financial products will lead to heavy lapses [4]. The authors describe a new framework called UIRDM Approach (Unified Insurance Resonant Data Mart) for the insurance companies wherein this approach stresses the need to think beyond the insurance boundaries.
文摘It is the responsibility of governments to supervise and regulateproduct quality to protect consumers and prevent failures in the product qualityguarantee system.Appropriate supervision will help safeguard the interests ofconsumers,promote product quality,and resolve disputes.The extent of supervisionshould be guided by the principle of need for state intervention andneeds to be highly diversified.
文摘China's legislature is soliciting comments and suggestions to the draft of Employment Promotion Law as an endeavor to democratize its process of legislation. Up to April 25 the National People's Congress had received over 11,000 items of comments and suggestions.
基金The authors are grateful for support from the National Social Science Fund of China(21AJL015).
文摘The Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural China.Despite the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycles,little is known about the impact of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes.Using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper examines the effects of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes and investigates potential pathways and heterogeneous effects.We exploit propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques to evaluate the effects of the Rural Dibao program on child nutrition outcomes.Our results suggest that Rural Dibao significantly impacts the nutrition outcomes of children up to 15 years of age.Specifically,our results suggest that Rural Dibao improves child height-to-age z-scores by 1.05 standard deviations and lowers the probability of stunting by 11.9 percentage points.Additional analyses suggest that increased protein intake is the main pathway through which Rural Dibao participation contributes to better nutrition outcomes.We also find that the effect of the program is more pronounced among girls,children who are non-left-behind or live with highly educated mothers,and those from low-income families and poor areas.Our findings suggest that Rural Dibao participation helps improve child nutrition outcomes through improving diet quality.
文摘1 Legal requirements The author(s) guarantee(s) that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s) and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers.Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
文摘1 Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s)and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers.Any material received without such evidence will be assumed to originate from the authors.
文摘1 Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.
文摘Legal requirements The author(s) guarantee(s) that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.
文摘1Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.
文摘1 Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.
文摘1 Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s)and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers.
文摘1 Legal requirements The author(s)guarantee(s)that the manuscript will not be published elsewhere in any language without the consent of the copyright holders,that the rights of third parties will not be violated,and that the publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation.Authors wishing to include figures or text passages that have already been published elsewhere are required to obtain permission from the copyright holder(s)and to include evidence that such permission has been granted when submitting their papers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62103175)Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province of China。
文摘Dear Editor,to This letter deals with the output feedback stabilization of a class of high-order nonlinear time-delay systems with more general low-order and high-order nonlinearities.By constructing reduced-order observer,based on homogeneous domination theory together with the adding a power integrator method,an output feedback controller is developed guarantee the equilibrium of the closed system globally uniformly asymptotically stable.
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Fund Project"Hunan Agricultural Industry Safety Assessment and Early Warning Research"(22YBA161).
文摘The safety of agricultural industry in Hunan Province shows an upward trend from"basically safe"to"very safe",but the state in the"safe"or"very safe"range is still unstable.In view of this,Hunan Province should guarantee the agricultural production ability,cultivate and enhance the core competitiveness of agriculture,firmly grasp the agricultural control power,attach importance to the export quality of agri-cultural products and other aspects to ensure the safety of agricultural industry.
文摘This year's government work report proposed to strengthen the service guarantee for foreign investment and build a brand of"Invest in China".Recently,the General Office of the State Council issued the Action Plan for Steadily Prom oting High-level Opening-up and Making Greater Efforts to Attract and Utilize Foreign Investment,which made specific arrangements for building the brand of"Invest in China"."Invest in China"has become one of the key words for stabilizing foreign investment in 2024.
文摘Infrastructure construction by Chinese enterprises in Malaysia began in 1984.In recent years,Chinese enterprises have continuously improved their technical abilities while keeping pricing reasonable and guaranteeing completion deadlines when building in Malaysia.Over the years,Malaysia has gradually recognized the professionalism and capability of Chinese enterprises.Since 2013,policy support from Malaysia has accelerated Chinese infrastructure construction there.Bilateral infrastructure cooperation in sectors of transportation,electricity,renewable energy,and the digital economy has helped Malaysia improve its development environment.
文摘Deng Xiaoping met with Margaret Thatcher after signing the Sino-British Joint Declaration in Beijing,stressing that China will adopt a "one country,two systems"policy when it resumes sovereing right over Hong Kong.(19 December 1984)