The dynamic weapon target assignment(DWTA)problem is of great significance in modern air combat.However,DWTA is a highly complex constrained multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem.An improved elitist non-d...The dynamic weapon target assignment(DWTA)problem is of great significance in modern air combat.However,DWTA is a highly complex constrained multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem.An improved elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II)called the non-dominated shuffled frog leaping algorithm(NSFLA)is proposed to maximize damage to enemy targets and minimize the self-threat in air combat constraints.In NSFLA,the shuffled frog leaping algorithm(SFLA)is introduced to NSGA-II to replace the inside evolutionary scheme of the genetic algorithm(GA),displaying low optimization speed and heterogeneous space search defects.Two improvements have also been raised to promote the internal optimization performance of SFLA.Firstly,the local evolution scheme,a novel crossover mechanism,ensures that each individual participates in updating instead of only the worst ones,which can expand the diversity of the population.Secondly,a discrete adaptive mutation algorithm based on the function change rate is applied to balance the global and local search.Finally,the scheme is verified in various air combat scenarios.The results show that the proposed NSFLA has apparent advantages in solution quality and efficiency,especially in many aircraft and the dynamic air combat environment.展开更多
In airborne gamma ray spectrum processing,different analysis methods,technical requirements,analysis models,and calculation methods need to be established.To meet the engineering practice requirements of airborne gamm...In airborne gamma ray spectrum processing,different analysis methods,technical requirements,analysis models,and calculation methods need to be established.To meet the engineering practice requirements of airborne gamma-ray measurements and improve computational efficiency,an improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm-particle swarm optimization convolutional neural network(SFLA-PSO CNN)for large-sample quantitative analysis of airborne gamma-ray spectra is proposed herein.This method was used to train the weight of the neural network,optimize the structure of the network,delete redundant connections,and enable the neural network to acquire the capability of quantitative spectrum processing.In full-spectrum data processing,this method can perform the functions of energy spectrum peak searching and peak area calculations.After network training,the mean SNR and RMSE of the spectral lines were 31.27 and 2.75,respectively,satisfying the demand for noise reduction.To test the processing ability of the algorithm in large samples of airborne gamma spectra,this study considered the measured data from the Saihangaobi survey area as an example to conduct data spectral analysis.The results show that calculation of the single-peak area takes only 0.13~0.15 ms,and the average relative errors of the peak area in the U,Th,and K spectra are 3.11,9.50,and 6.18%,indicating the high processing efficiency and accuracy of this algorithm.The performance of the model can be further improved by optimizing related parameters,but it can already meet the requirements of practical engineering measurement.This study provides a new idea for the full-spectrum processing of airborne gamma rays.展开更多
Both unit and integration testing are incredibly crucial for almost any software application because each of them operates a distinct process to examine the product.Due to resource constraints,when software is subject...Both unit and integration testing are incredibly crucial for almost any software application because each of them operates a distinct process to examine the product.Due to resource constraints,when software is subjected to modifications,the drastic increase in the count of test cases forces the testers to opt for a test optimization strategy.One such strategy is test case prioritization(TCP).Existing works have propounded various methodologies that re-order the system-level test cases intending to boost either the fault detection capabilities or the coverage efficacy at the earliest.Nonetheless,singularity in objective functions and the lack of dissimilitude among the re-ordered test sequences have degraded the cogency of their approaches.Considering such gaps and scenarios when the meteoric and continuous updations in the software make the intensive unit and integration testing process more fragile,this study has introduced a memetics-inspired methodology for TCP.The proposed structure is first embedded with diverse parameters,and then traditional steps of the shuffled-frog-leaping approach(SFLA)are followed to prioritize the test cases at unit and integration levels.On 5 standard test functions,a comparative analysis is conducted between the established algorithms and the proposed approach,where the latter enhances the coverage rate and fault detection of re-ordered test sets.Investigation results related to the mean average percentage of fault detection(APFD)confirmed that the proposed approach exceeds the memetic,basic multi-walk,PSO,and optimized multi-walk by 21.7%,13.99%,12.24%,and 11.51%,respectively.展开更多
Literary translation should not solely focus on“what to translate”,but also on“how to translate”,extending the perspective to the target audience and environment.It is crucial to recognize that translation involve...Literary translation should not solely focus on“what to translate”,but also on“how to translate”,extending the perspective to the target audience and environment.It is crucial to recognize that translation involves more than rendering words;it entails navigating cultural differences and facilitating literary communication during the process of language conversion.By comparing and contrasting Mo Yan’s work of“蛙”with Howard Goldblatt’s English translation Frog from both the two aspects of language and culture and the four perspectives of alienation and naturalization,deletion and addition,processing of address and dialogues,symbols of animal cultural,this study explores the phenomenon of creative treason in literary translation,and provides a specific and in-depth analysis to offer valuable insights for the translation of Chinese literature.展开更多
The Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) markers were used to stu dy the intra-specific diversity and regional differentiation of the Chinese fore st frogs (Rana chensinensis), which were sampled from the fields o...The Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) markers were used to stu dy the intra-specific diversity and regional differentiation of the Chinese fore st frogs (Rana chensinensis), which were sampled from the fields of 8 regions in Heilongjiang Province. Totally 78 polymorphic DNA loci were amplified by 10 RAP D primers. By genetic distance analysis and phylogenetic tree reconstruction wit h the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method the results showed that the populations of Ch inese forest frogs distributed in 8 regions existed great differentiation (Avera ge Fst=0.347, SD=0.235) while there was the paradox between geographic distances and genetic distances. Based on geographic and geological data, a hypothesis wa s posed that it is very possible that the hilly lands in the downstream of the S onghua River and the Heilong River were the center of the origin of the Chinese forest frogs in Heilongjiang Province. And mainly through the Songhua River syst em, the Chinese forest frogs dispersed into the Songneng Plain from the Sanjiang Plain whereas the Fangzheng region became a sub-center for the western dispersi on.展开更多
The genetic diversity and population structure of the Dybowski＇s frog（Rana dybowskii） were investigated by using 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci.Total 75 individuals were sampled from six populations in Lesser K...The genetic diversity and population structure of the Dybowski＇s frog（Rana dybowskii） were investigated by using 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci.Total 75 individuals were sampled from six populations in Lesser Khingan Mountains and Changbai Mountains,China.Results showed that allele number of the 11 microsatellite loci was in the range of 2-10 in all populations,with the mean of 5.6.The average expected heterozygosity（HE） was 0.572,indicating a moderate polymorphism.The results of genetic differentiation coefficient（FST） showed that population genetic differentiation was significant between Changbai and Lesser Khingan Mountains（p〈0.001）.This result was verified further by Nei＇s genetic distance（DA） based on UPGMA phy-logenetic trees and by AMOVA analysis.In conclusion,the populations distributed in Lesser Khingan Mountains and Changbai Mountain are proposed to be two distinct management units（MUs） for their protection and management.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61673209,71971115)。
文摘The dynamic weapon target assignment(DWTA)problem is of great significance in modern air combat.However,DWTA is a highly complex constrained multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem.An improved elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II)called the non-dominated shuffled frog leaping algorithm(NSFLA)is proposed to maximize damage to enemy targets and minimize the self-threat in air combat constraints.In NSFLA,the shuffled frog leaping algorithm(SFLA)is introduced to NSGA-II to replace the inside evolutionary scheme of the genetic algorithm(GA),displaying low optimization speed and heterogeneous space search defects.Two improvements have also been raised to promote the internal optimization performance of SFLA.Firstly,the local evolution scheme,a novel crossover mechanism,ensures that each individual participates in updating instead of only the worst ones,which can expand the diversity of the population.Secondly,a discrete adaptive mutation algorithm based on the function change rate is applied to balance the global and local search.Finally,the scheme is verified in various air combat scenarios.The results show that the proposed NSFLA has apparent advantages in solution quality and efficiency,especially in many aircraft and the dynamic air combat environment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42127807)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Nos.23NSFSCC0116 and 2022NSFSC12333)the Nuclear Energy Development Project(No.[2021]-88).
文摘In airborne gamma ray spectrum processing,different analysis methods,technical requirements,analysis models,and calculation methods need to be established.To meet the engineering practice requirements of airborne gamma-ray measurements and improve computational efficiency,an improved shuffled frog leaping algorithm-particle swarm optimization convolutional neural network(SFLA-PSO CNN)for large-sample quantitative analysis of airborne gamma-ray spectra is proposed herein.This method was used to train the weight of the neural network,optimize the structure of the network,delete redundant connections,and enable the neural network to acquire the capability of quantitative spectrum processing.In full-spectrum data processing,this method can perform the functions of energy spectrum peak searching and peak area calculations.After network training,the mean SNR and RMSE of the spectral lines were 31.27 and 2.75,respectively,satisfying the demand for noise reduction.To test the processing ability of the algorithm in large samples of airborne gamma spectra,this study considered the measured data from the Saihangaobi survey area as an example to conduct data spectral analysis.The results show that calculation of the single-peak area takes only 0.13~0.15 ms,and the average relative errors of the peak area in the U,Th,and K spectra are 3.11,9.50,and 6.18%,indicating the high processing efficiency and accuracy of this algorithm.The performance of the model can be further improved by optimizing related parameters,but it can already meet the requirements of practical engineering measurement.This study provides a new idea for the full-spectrum processing of airborne gamma rays.
文摘Both unit and integration testing are incredibly crucial for almost any software application because each of them operates a distinct process to examine the product.Due to resource constraints,when software is subjected to modifications,the drastic increase in the count of test cases forces the testers to opt for a test optimization strategy.One such strategy is test case prioritization(TCP).Existing works have propounded various methodologies that re-order the system-level test cases intending to boost either the fault detection capabilities or the coverage efficacy at the earliest.Nonetheless,singularity in objective functions and the lack of dissimilitude among the re-ordered test sequences have degraded the cogency of their approaches.Considering such gaps and scenarios when the meteoric and continuous updations in the software make the intensive unit and integration testing process more fragile,this study has introduced a memetics-inspired methodology for TCP.The proposed structure is first embedded with diverse parameters,and then traditional steps of the shuffled-frog-leaping approach(SFLA)are followed to prioritize the test cases at unit and integration levels.On 5 standard test functions,a comparative analysis is conducted between the established algorithms and the proposed approach,where the latter enhances the coverage rate and fault detection of re-ordered test sets.Investigation results related to the mean average percentage of fault detection(APFD)confirmed that the proposed approach exceeds the memetic,basic multi-walk,PSO,and optimized multi-walk by 21.7%,13.99%,12.24%,and 11.51%,respectively.
文摘Literary translation should not solely focus on“what to translate”,but also on“how to translate”,extending the perspective to the target audience and environment.It is crucial to recognize that translation involves more than rendering words;it entails navigating cultural differences and facilitating literary communication during the process of language conversion.By comparing and contrasting Mo Yan’s work of“蛙”with Howard Goldblatt’s English translation Frog from both the two aspects of language and culture and the four perspectives of alienation and naturalization,deletion and addition,processing of address and dialogues,symbols of animal cultural,this study explores the phenomenon of creative treason in literary translation,and provides a specific and in-depth analysis to offer valuable insights for the translation of Chinese literature.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (C9726).
文摘The Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA (RAPD) markers were used to stu dy the intra-specific diversity and regional differentiation of the Chinese fore st frogs (Rana chensinensis), which were sampled from the fields of 8 regions in Heilongjiang Province. Totally 78 polymorphic DNA loci were amplified by 10 RAP D primers. By genetic distance analysis and phylogenetic tree reconstruction wit h the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method the results showed that the populations of Ch inese forest frogs distributed in 8 regions existed great differentiation (Avera ge Fst=0.347, SD=0.235) while there was the paradox between geographic distances and genetic distances. Based on geographic and geological data, a hypothesis wa s posed that it is very possible that the hilly lands in the downstream of the S onghua River and the Heilong River were the center of the origin of the Chinese forest frogs in Heilongjiang Province. And mainly through the Songhua River syst em, the Chinese forest frogs dispersed into the Songneng Plain from the Sanjiang Plain whereas the Fangzheng region became a sub-center for the western dispersi on.
文摘The genetic diversity and population structure of the Dybowski＇s frog（Rana dybowskii） were investigated by using 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci.Total 75 individuals were sampled from six populations in Lesser Khingan Mountains and Changbai Mountains,China.Results showed that allele number of the 11 microsatellite loci was in the range of 2-10 in all populations,with the mean of 5.6.The average expected heterozygosity（HE） was 0.572,indicating a moderate polymorphism.The results of genetic differentiation coefficient（FST） showed that population genetic differentiation was significant between Changbai and Lesser Khingan Mountains（p〈0.001）.This result was verified further by Nei＇s genetic distance（DA） based on UPGMA phy-logenetic trees and by AMOVA analysis.In conclusion,the populations distributed in Lesser Khingan Mountains and Changbai Mountain are proposed to be two distinct management units（MUs） for their protection and management.
