Diabetes in French Guiana,adapting national standards of therapeutic education and care to the amazonian challenge

French Guiana is a territory located more than 7000 km from France.It is also the largest French territory,with almost 84000 km2 and 90%of it is covered by forest.Some municipalities are isolated due to the scarcity of transportation and the poor road infrastructure.The population is extremely diverse ethnically and culturally,and includes more than thirty ethnic groups.Immigration is high because it is one of the richest countries in the area bordering northern Brazil,Suriname,Guyana,and as a result of socio-economic crises in some other countries such as Haiti,and it has permeable natural borders.Diabetes and obesity,are emerging issues,with double the prevalence of Mainland France,whereas infectious diseases,such as HIV,take second place.Therapeutic and educational management are challenging because they require the adaptation of tools and treatments to the multiculturalism and precariousness often encountered in these populations.The French and European recommendations are unsuited to the needs of the territory and must take into account the epidemiological,sociological and cultural parameters of these populations in order to provide appropriate and graded management of diabetes in the French Amazon.

New ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar Results to the Avanavero Dolerite,Guiana Shield in the Roraima State,Brazil

40Ar/39Ar dating of plagioclases,pyroxene or/and amphibole of separated grains from Avanavero Dolerite located in the Guiana Shield,in Roraima State,Brazil yield plateau ages ranging from 1840±50 Ma to 1179±10 Ma.The highest ages are interpreted to represent the emplacement of dolerites within the sandstones ofRoraima Supergroup,while the younger results reveal partial argon loss during the cooling history of the samples related to a large

Structural and tectonothermal evolution of the ultrahigh-temperature Bakhuis Granulite Belt,Guiana Shield,Surinam:Palaeoproterozoic to recent

We constrain the multistage tectonic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic UHT metamorphic(P=0.9–1.0 GPa,T>1000℃,t=2088–2031 Ma)Bakhuis Granulite Belt(BGB)in Surinam on the Guiana Shield,using large-to small-scale structures,Al-in-hornblende thermobarometry and published fluid inclusion and zircon geochronological data.The BGB forms a narrow,NE–SW striking belt between two formerly connected,~E–W oriented granite-greenstone belts,formed between converging Amazonian and West African continental masses prior to collision and Transamazonian orogeny.Inherited detrital zircon in BGB metasediments conforms agewise to Birimian zircon of West Africa and suggests derivation from the subsequently subducted African passive margin.Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism may have followed slab break-off and asthenospheric heat advection.Peak metamorphic structures result from layer-parallel shearing and folding,reflecting initial transtensional exhumation of the subducted African margin after slab break-off.A second HT event involves intrusion,at ca.0.49 GPa,of charnockites and metagabbros at 1993–1984 Ma and a layered anorthosite at 1980 Ma,after the BGB had already cooled to<400℃.The event is related to northward subduction under the greenstone belts,along a new active margin to their south.A pronounced syntaxial bend in the new margin points northward towards the BGB and is likely the result of indentation by an anticlinorial flexural bulge of the subducting plate.Tearing of the subducting oceanic plate along this bulge explains why the charnockites are restricted to the BGB.The BGB subsequently experienced doming under an extensional detachment exposed in its southwestern border zone.Exhumation was focused in the BGB as a result of the flexural bulge in the subducting plate and localised heating of the overriding plate by charnockite magmatism.The present,straight NE–SW long-side boundaries of the BGB are superimposed mylonite zones,overprinted by pseudotachylites,previously dated at ca.1200 Ma and 950 Ma,respectively.The 1200 Ma mylonites reflect transpressional popping-up of the BGB,caused by EW-directed intraplate principal compressive stresses from Grenvillian collision preserved under the eastern Andes.Further exhumation of the BGB involved the 950 Ma pseudotachylite decorated faulting,and Phanerozoic faulting along reactivated Meso-and Neoproterozoic lineaments.

Review of mammalogical research in the Guianas of northern South America

Research on mammals in the Guianas of northern South America has had a checkered history.In this review,I summarize the notable contributions to mammalogical study in Guyana,Suriname and French Guiana.These studies began in the mid-18th century with the binomial nomenclature system of scientific classification creat­ed by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus,who described 23 species new to science based on holotype speci­mens from the Guianas.Notwithstanding popular accounts by amateur naturalists visiting this region,over the next 7 decades there was only sporadic taxonomic work done on Guianan mammals primarily by researchers at European museums.The first comprehensive biological exploration took place in the 1840s during a geograph­ic survey of the boundaries of British Guiana.However,it was not until almost half a century later that scientif­ic publications began to regularly document the increasing species diversity in the region,including the prodi­gious work of Oldfield Thomas at the British Museum of Natural History in London.Another lull in the study of mammals occurred in the mid-1910s to the early 1960s after which foreign researchers began to rediscover the Guianas and their pristine habitats.This biological renaissance is still ongoing and I give a prospectus on the direction of future research in one of the last frontiers of tropical rainforest.An initiative that would be greatly beneficial is the establishment of a university network in the Guianas with graduate-based research to develop a cadre of professional experts on biodiversity and evolution as seen in other countries of South America.

圭亚那林登地区东蒙哥马利铝土矿地质特征及成因分析

东蒙哥马利铝土矿位于圭亚那地盾东北部的临海陆缘区,铝土矿体沿前寒武纪基底与新近纪伯比斯层之间的不整合面产出。通过成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、矿石特征的分析发现,铝土矿床是以花岗岩和片麻岩为主体的富铝硅酸盐岩石在高温多雨、干旱交替的热带气候环境下,经历了早期的红土化作用和晚期的海侵作用,经过不断地分解、淋滤,最终形成的高铝低铁低硅的古风化壳红土型铝土矿。

苏里南共和国金矿类型及主要地质特征

苏里南金矿主要位于圭亚那地盾古元古代花岗岩-绿岩带上,沿大型剪切带或断层带分布。通过实地调查、综合研究及结合前人资料的基础上初步认为当地主要有冲洪积型、残坡积型、剪切带(造山)型金矿等类型。剪切带型金矿与剪切构造活动同期或晚于构造变形期,与泛亚马逊造山期后钙碱性火山作用和深成侵入作用同期。根据罗斯贝尔金矿等典型矿床研究,苏里南金矿与圭亚那地盾其它造山型金矿成矿时代相近(2.023~1.955Ga),泛亚马逊主期的构造对金矿起到了导矿和容矿作用,同时提出苏里南金矿的主要找矿方向。

从委圭边界争端看美国崛起中对外政策的和平主义面相

1895年,由于美国的干涉,委内瑞拉—英属圭亚那边界争端演变为英美外交危机。随后在两国和平运动的推动下,英国政府接受了美国的仲裁提议,促成了《委英仲裁条约》的签订和国际仲裁,争端得以和平解决。委圭边界仲裁既是19世纪和平主义和仲裁运动的成果,也体现了美国崛起过程中对外政策通过仲裁解决争端的和平主义面相。它既丰富了国际法的内容,促进了和平运动和国际仲裁的发展,又提高了美国的国际地位和影响力。但是,由于国际仲裁的局限性,委圭边界问题成为两国外交关系中遗留至今的痼疾。

Petrological and ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar Constraints for the Precambriam Dolerites in Roraima,Brazil

This article examined the use of the 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating and K/Ar analyses to date dolerites located in the extreme north region in Brazil. The material used for dating was whole rock and separated minerals（plagioclases,pyroxene or/and amphibole）in 6 samples of dykes and sills from Roraima.The dolerites yield plateau ages ranging from 1955±17 Ma to 1179±10 Ma.The reason

南美洲圭亚那地盾北部绿岩带地质特征、典型金矿床及金成矿作用

圭亚那地盾位于南美洲亚马孙克拉通的北部,其北部广泛发育太古宙典型的花岗岩-绿岩带,主要岩石组成为花岗岩、片麻岩和英云闪长岩,古元古代变质超基性-基性火山岩-侵入岩、其他变质火山岩等。由于独特的地质构造位置和复杂的构造演化历史,形成了良好的绿岩型金成矿地质背景,产生了大量的金矿床。通过总结圭亚那地盾北部绿岩带的岩石特征、成岩时代和构造演化历史,对委内瑞拉埃尔卡劳金矿、圭亚那欧迈金矿和苏里南罗瑟贝尔金矿进行典型矿床剖析,系统研究了该区绿岩带型金矿的成矿地质背景、成矿流体及成矿年代学特征,建立了区域绿岩带型金矿成矿模型,并在分析找矿要素的基础上,提出圭亚那地盾北部的金矿找矿方向。