本文采用WRF4.2模式对2020年5月19日发生在贵阳的一次冰雹过程进行数值模拟,再现了冰雹云在贵阳市的移动路径和发展演变过程。通过对冰雹云不同发展阶段的动力、热力和云微物理特征的分析,以及冰雹混合比源汇项的收支分析,得到了冰雹形...本文采用WRF4.2模式对2020年5月19日发生在贵阳的一次冰雹过程进行数值模拟,再现了冰雹云在贵阳市的移动路径和发展演变过程。通过对冰雹云不同发展阶段的动力、热力和云微物理特征的分析,以及冰雹混合比源汇项的收支分析,得到了冰雹形成的微物理机制及概念模型。研究结果表明:(1)模拟的冰雹云在成熟阶段呈现典型的超级单体结构,存在悬垂回波和回波空洞。云内最大上升速度可达20 m s^(−1),上升气流从地面延伸至12 km,在高空西风的作用下向东流出,形成宽广的高空云砧。在上升气流后部中低层为强下沉气流。(2)雹胚粒子通过云冰碰冻雨滴形成,通过收集过冷云滴和雨滴增长,雹粒子的最大汇项是融化成雨水。(3)在冰雹云的成熟阶段,雹收集过冷云滴的效率增大,主要发生在强上升运动区中高层(6~10 km高度),大量雹粒子分布在上升运动区中高层以及悬垂回波区,最大混合比可达11 g kg^(−1)。(4)在冰雹云的消散阶段,云内上升速度减弱,高空云砧的范围扩大。雹粒子净转化效率降低,雹混合比减少。雹融化为雨水的效率增大,雨水分布质心降低,在近地面产生大量雨水。展开更多
ObjectiveKarst area is one of ecological fragile regions in China, where the economic and social development is lagged heavily. In recent years, with the constant development of the west regions, economy and society a...ObjectiveKarst area is one of ecological fragile regions in China, where the economic and social development is lagged heavily. In recent years, with the constant development of the west regions, economy and society are developed rapidly and urbanization speed is accelerated. This study aims to investigate the spatial pattern and process of urbanization in karst area of Guiyang City, which has important significance for land management and urban planning in karst area. MethodBased on RS and GIS technologies, TM satellite images in 1986, 1995 and 2000 and CBERS-01 satellite image in 2006 were adopted to obtain the data of urban land utilization in Guiyang City in the four years. The spatial pattern and process of urbanization in Guiyang City were investigated using urbanization proportion index (UPI), urbanization intensity index (UII) and absolute expansion intensity (AEI). ResultThe urbanization process in Guiyang City was significant, exhibiting polygon-urbanization, line-urbanization and point-urbanization. From the perspective of spatial pattern, the urbanization in Guiyang City displayed the cluster development; from the perspective of urbanization process, the urbanization speed in some secondary central areas was higher than that of central areas. ConclusionThe spatial pattern and process of urbanization in karst area were unique and were mainly influenced by terrain, transportation, economy, society and so on.展开更多
文摘本文采用WRF4.2模式对2020年5月19日发生在贵阳的一次冰雹过程进行数值模拟,再现了冰雹云在贵阳市的移动路径和发展演变过程。通过对冰雹云不同发展阶段的动力、热力和云微物理特征的分析,以及冰雹混合比源汇项的收支分析,得到了冰雹形成的微物理机制及概念模型。研究结果表明:(1)模拟的冰雹云在成熟阶段呈现典型的超级单体结构,存在悬垂回波和回波空洞。云内最大上升速度可达20 m s^(−1),上升气流从地面延伸至12 km,在高空西风的作用下向东流出,形成宽广的高空云砧。在上升气流后部中低层为强下沉气流。(2)雹胚粒子通过云冰碰冻雨滴形成,通过收集过冷云滴和雨滴增长,雹粒子的最大汇项是融化成雨水。(3)在冰雹云的成熟阶段,雹收集过冷云滴的效率增大,主要发生在强上升运动区中高层(6~10 km高度),大量雹粒子分布在上升运动区中高层以及悬垂回波区,最大混合比可达11 g kg^(−1)。(4)在冰雹云的消散阶段,云内上升速度减弱,高空云砧的范围扩大。雹粒子净转化效率降低,雹混合比减少。雹融化为雨水的效率增大,雨水分布质心降低,在近地面产生大量雨水。
基金Supported by Science and Technology Fund of Guizhou Province[QKHZJ(2007)No.2154]~~
文摘ObjectiveKarst area is one of ecological fragile regions in China, where the economic and social development is lagged heavily. In recent years, with the constant development of the west regions, economy and society are developed rapidly and urbanization speed is accelerated. This study aims to investigate the spatial pattern and process of urbanization in karst area of Guiyang City, which has important significance for land management and urban planning in karst area. MethodBased on RS and GIS technologies, TM satellite images in 1986, 1995 and 2000 and CBERS-01 satellite image in 2006 were adopted to obtain the data of urban land utilization in Guiyang City in the four years. The spatial pattern and process of urbanization in Guiyang City were investigated using urbanization proportion index (UPI), urbanization intensity index (UII) and absolute expansion intensity (AEI). ResultThe urbanization process in Guiyang City was significant, exhibiting polygon-urbanization, line-urbanization and point-urbanization. From the perspective of spatial pattern, the urbanization in Guiyang City displayed the cluster development; from the perspective of urbanization process, the urbanization speed in some secondary central areas was higher than that of central areas. ConclusionThe spatial pattern and process of urbanization in karst area were unique and were mainly influenced by terrain, transportation, economy, society and so on.