Ramulus Cinnamomi （RC）, a traditional Chinese herb, has been used to attenuate inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RC extract on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced neur...Ramulus Cinnamomi （RC）, a traditional Chinese herb, has been used to attenuate inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RC extract on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced neuroinflammation in BV2 microglial cells and the underlying mechanisms involved. BV2 cells were incubated with normal medium （control group）, LPS, LPS plus 30 pg/mL RC extract, or LPS plus 100 pg/mL RC extract. The BV2 cell morphology was observed under an optical microscope and cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Nitric oxide level in BV2 cells was detected using Griess regents, and the levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-1 β, and tumor necrosis factor u in BV2 cells were determined by ELISA. The expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2, Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 proteins were detected by western blot assay. Compared with the LPS group, both 30 and 100 μg/mL RC extract had no significant effect on the viability of BV2 cells. The levels of nitric oxide, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor ct in BV2 cells were all significantly increased after LPS induction, and the levels were significantly reversed after treatment with 30 and 100 μg/mL RC extract. Furthermore, RC extract significantly inhibited the protein expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2, Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 in LPS-induced BV2 cells. Our findings suggest that RC extract alleviates neuroinflammation by downregulating the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway.展开更多
Chinese medicine.However,little is known about the potential mechanism.Elucidating the effective components and mechanism based on network pharmacology was our purpose.Methods:Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Phar...Chinese medicine.However,little is known about the potential mechanism.Elucidating the effective components and mechanism based on network pharmacology was our purpose.Methods:Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology was screened to collect the possible active ingredients and their CAS and SMILES was searched in Pubchem,and the related potential targets were further predicted in Swiss Target Prediction database.Coronary heart disease molecular members were gained from GeenCards database,and the predicted targets of Cinnamomi Ramulus for coronary heart disease’s treatment were selected by Wayne diagram.As for mechanism analysis,String was used to construct the protein-protein interactions,and DAVID was used to conduct the GO and KEGG analysis.Results:Through GO and KEGG analysis,we found that cAMP signaling pathway,estrogen signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway was related with coronary heart disease.Using network-based systems biology,we predicted that 10 active ingredients in Cinnamomi Ramulus have the treating effects with 78 potential targets.PIK3CG,MAPK8,BCL-2,BAX,PRKACA,CASP3,CALM1,CALM2,CALM3,NOS2,NOS3 were mainly involved in the treating effects of Cinnamomi Ramulus.Conclusion:Cinnamomi Ramulus may treat coronary heart disease through cAMP signaling pathway,estrogen signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway.PIK3CG,MAPK8,BCL-2,BAX,PRKACA,CASP3,CALM1,CALM2,CALM3,NOS2,NOS3 were supposed to be considerable targets for treating coronary heart disease.展开更多
In the present study, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of seven phenylpropanoid compounds （2-hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde, coumarin, cinnamyl al...In the present study, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of seven phenylpropanoid compounds （2-hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde, coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2-methoxy cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde） in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus. The levels of seven phenylpropanoid compounds in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus were compared using this method. A total of 48 samples （27 Cinnamomi Cortex and 21 Cinnamomi Ramulus） were purchased in China and analyzed. Quantities of seven phenylpropanoid compounds ranged from 17.5 to 61.6 mg/g in Cinnamomi Cortex and ranged from 9.91 to 23.4 mg/g in Ciunamomi Ramulus. The level of 2-methoxy cinnamic acid in the Cinnamomi Cortex samples was below the LOD, whereas it ranged from 0 to 0.119 mg/g in the Cinnamomi Ramulus samples. The （cinnamyl alcohol＋cinnamic acid）/cinnamaldehyde ratios （R346） of Ciunamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus ranged from 0.0121 to 0.0467 and 0.0598 to 0.182, respectively. This ratio could be used to discriminate Cinnamomi Cortex （〈0.05） and Cinnamomi Ramulus （〉0.05）. The extraction rates （Dn） of seven compounds in boiling water were different, with the lowest dissolution for cinnamaldehyde （〈3%） and the highest for cinnamic acid （about 60%）.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81473383a grant from the Medical and Health Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,No.2016-I2M-3-007a grant from Key Project of New-Drugs Creation of Science and Technology of China,No.2012ZX09103101-078 and 2017ZX09101003-003-019
文摘Ramulus Cinnamomi （RC）, a traditional Chinese herb, has been used to attenuate inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RC extract on lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced neuroinflammation in BV2 microglial cells and the underlying mechanisms involved. BV2 cells were incubated with normal medium （control group）, LPS, LPS plus 30 pg/mL RC extract, or LPS plus 100 pg/mL RC extract. The BV2 cell morphology was observed under an optical microscope and cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Nitric oxide level in BV2 cells was detected using Griess regents, and the levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-1 β, and tumor necrosis factor u in BV2 cells were determined by ELISA. The expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2, Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 proteins were detected by western blot assay. Compared with the LPS group, both 30 and 100 μg/mL RC extract had no significant effect on the viability of BV2 cells. The levels of nitric oxide, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor ct in BV2 cells were all significantly increased after LPS induction, and the levels were significantly reversed after treatment with 30 and 100 μg/mL RC extract. Furthermore, RC extract significantly inhibited the protein expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2, Toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 in LPS-induced BV2 cells. Our findings suggest that RC extract alleviates neuroinflammation by downregulating the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81874404)。
文摘Chinese medicine.However,little is known about the potential mechanism.Elucidating the effective components and mechanism based on network pharmacology was our purpose.Methods:Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology was screened to collect the possible active ingredients and their CAS and SMILES was searched in Pubchem,and the related potential targets were further predicted in Swiss Target Prediction database.Coronary heart disease molecular members were gained from GeenCards database,and the predicted targets of Cinnamomi Ramulus for coronary heart disease’s treatment were selected by Wayne diagram.As for mechanism analysis,String was used to construct the protein-protein interactions,and DAVID was used to conduct the GO and KEGG analysis.Results:Through GO and KEGG analysis,we found that cAMP signaling pathway,estrogen signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway was related with coronary heart disease.Using network-based systems biology,we predicted that 10 active ingredients in Cinnamomi Ramulus have the treating effects with 78 potential targets.PIK3CG,MAPK8,BCL-2,BAX,PRKACA,CASP3,CALM1,CALM2,CALM3,NOS2,NOS3 were mainly involved in the treating effects of Cinnamomi Ramulus.Conclusion:Cinnamomi Ramulus may treat coronary heart disease through cAMP signaling pathway,estrogen signaling pathway,calcium signaling pathway.PIK3CG,MAPK8,BCL-2,BAX,PRKACA,CASP3,CALM1,CALM2,CALM3,NOS2,NOS3 were supposed to be considerable targets for treating coronary heart disease.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30873416)
文摘In the present study, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of seven phenylpropanoid compounds （2-hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde, coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2-methoxy cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde） in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus. The levels of seven phenylpropanoid compounds in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus were compared using this method. A total of 48 samples （27 Cinnamomi Cortex and 21 Cinnamomi Ramulus） were purchased in China and analyzed. Quantities of seven phenylpropanoid compounds ranged from 17.5 to 61.6 mg/g in Cinnamomi Cortex and ranged from 9.91 to 23.4 mg/g in Ciunamomi Ramulus. The level of 2-methoxy cinnamic acid in the Cinnamomi Cortex samples was below the LOD, whereas it ranged from 0 to 0.119 mg/g in the Cinnamomi Ramulus samples. The （cinnamyl alcohol＋cinnamic acid）/cinnamaldehyde ratios （R346） of Ciunamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus ranged from 0.0121 to 0.0467 and 0.0598 to 0.182, respectively. This ratio could be used to discriminate Cinnamomi Cortex （〈0.05） and Cinnamomi Ramulus （〉0.05）. The extraction rates （Dn） of seven compounds in boiling water were different, with the lowest dissolution for cinnamaldehyde （〈3%） and the highest for cinnamic acid （about 60%）.
