Mollusks, arthropods and chordates which were visible to the naked eye were observed and collected in Dongbei and Shuijiang caves of Libo county five times between February and July from 2002 to 2005. Four hundred and...Mollusks, arthropods and chordates which were visible to the naked eye were observed and collected in Dongbei and Shuijiang caves of Libo county five times between February and July from 2002 to 2005. Four hundred and forty samples from Dongbei Cave were classified into three phyla, five classes, 10 orders, 20 families and 39 species or groups of species. Four hundred and ninety-eight samples from Shuijiang Cave were classified into three phyla, six classes, 11 orders, 20 families and 25 species or groups of species. Six animal communities were identified in the light belt of the two caves according to their species types and numbers of individuals in the light belt of two cave. The communities which have the highest values of species richness community diversity, maximum diversity, evenness, dominance and community similarity are respectively： B （4. 1059）, H （2.4716）, B （3.3322）, E （0.9042）, C （0.3442） and A - C （0. 5251）. The community diversity and correlation of environmental factors were also studied. The temperature, humidity, content of CO2 and N2, content of organic matter and some inorganic salts in soil were analyzed by Pearson correlation. The results showed that the content of organic matter in soil is positively related to species number, species richness and maximum community diversity, with correlations of 0. 885, 0.909, 0. 868 respectively （two-tailed significance test, P ≤ 0. 05）, and significantly positively related to diversity, with the coefficient of 0.611, （two-tailed significance test, P ≤ 0. 1）. This suggests that the content of organic matter in soil is one of the important elements influencing the community variation of cave animals. Outside the cave, temperature and humidity are important factors impacting on community diver- sity. As the temperature in all seasons in the cave is stable and the humidity is always high （above 90% ）, the temperature and humidity have weak correlation to community diversity in caves.展开更多
The utilization of caves is a rather rare phenomenon in nonhuman primates, found almost exclusively in those members of the genus Trachypithecus that share a preference for forest on limestone （karst） hills in Vietn...The utilization of caves is a rather rare phenomenon in nonhuman primates, found almost exclusively in those members of the genus Trachypithecus that share a preference for forest on limestone （karst） hills in Vietnam and southern China. Here we report a new case of usage of caves as overnight sleeping shelters by Franqois＇ or black langurs （Trachypithecusfraru;oisi） at Mayanghe National Nature Reserve in Yanhe County, Guizhou Province, China. We tentatively address three possible hypotheses that may account for the use of caves in Francois＇ langurs at Mayanghe： shelter against climatic conditions, acquisition of minerals and protection from predators. utilization展开更多
Soil water and cave drip water from four cave systems in Guizhou, Southwest China, were monitored and sampled monthly from April 2003 to May 2004 to understand spatio-temporal variations in hydro-geochemistry of cave ...Soil water and cave drip water from four cave systems in Guizhou, Southwest China, were monitored and sampled monthly from April 2003 to May 2004 to understand spatio-temporal variations in hydro-geochemistry of cave percolation water. The results indicated that among the 5 drip water sites from the Liangfeng Cave (LFC), there were no significant differences among the hydro-geochemical parameters. In the Xiniu Cave (XNC), the drip rates were variable and responded quickly to precipitation events in the 3# (No. 3) drip site with variable water head; both bulk and variation in drip rates were smaller in the 2# with constant water head. However, in the Qixing Cave (QXC) and Jiangjun Cave (JJC), drip rates, concentrations of major ions and saturation index for calcite (SI C ) were smaller, and Mg/Ca ratios in Group I (1#, 2#, 6#, 7# and 8# in the QXC; 2# and 3# in the JJC) were larger than those in Group II (3#, 4#, 5# and 9# in the QXC; 1# and 4# in the JJC). These differences might be the result of different hydrogeological processes above the caves, which are divided into five categories based on hydro-geochemistry data. The formation of some proxies in speleothem, such as Mg/Ca, is likely to be affected by those processes.展开更多
We describe Odorrana liboensis sp.nov.,a new species from the Maolan National Nature Reserve,Libo County,Guizhou Province,China.Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 12 S rRNA,16 S rRNA,and...We describe Odorrana liboensis sp.nov.,a new species from the Maolan National Nature Reserve,Libo County,Guizhou Province,China.Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 12 S rRNA,16 S rRNA,and ND2 genes supported the new species as an independent lineage,closely related to O.lipuensis.The uncorrected genetic distances between the 12 S rRNA and16 S rRNA in the new species and its closest congener,O.lipuensis,were 6.06%and 5.19%,respectively.The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters:(1)having medium body size,with the snout-vent length(SVL)of adult females approximately 1.2 times as long as males at 56.9±1.0(55.8-58.2 mm,n=9)in females and 48.7±1.2(47.1-49.9 mm,n=5)in males;(2)head length greater than width in males and females;(3)tympanum distinctly visible,greater than one-half the diameter of the eye;(4)eyes big and prominent,width of upper eyelid(UEW)approximately3/4 of eye diameter(ED);(5)dorsolateral folds absent;(6)two metacarpal tubercles;(7)relative finger lengths:Ⅱ<Ⅰ<Ⅳ<Ⅲ;(8)subarticular tubercles on fingers prominent:1,1,2,2;(9)one metatarsal tubercle;(10)tibiotarsal articulation reaching to between the eye and nostril when the leg is stretched forward;(11)toes with entire webbing to disks;(12)subarticular tubercles on toes prominent:1,1,2,3,2;(13)dorsal surfaces of limbs with distinct brownish-black bands;(14)smooth,grass-green dorsum with irregular brown mottling;(15)venter smooth,lacking black spots;and(16)lacking pectoral spinules,lacking vocal sacs,and light white nuptial pad present on finger I in males.The new species is currently only known from the type locality.展开更多
文摘Mollusks, arthropods and chordates which were visible to the naked eye were observed and collected in Dongbei and Shuijiang caves of Libo county five times between February and July from 2002 to 2005. Four hundred and forty samples from Dongbei Cave were classified into three phyla, five classes, 10 orders, 20 families and 39 species or groups of species. Four hundred and ninety-eight samples from Shuijiang Cave were classified into three phyla, six classes, 11 orders, 20 families and 25 species or groups of species. Six animal communities were identified in the light belt of the two caves according to their species types and numbers of individuals in the light belt of two cave. The communities which have the highest values of species richness community diversity, maximum diversity, evenness, dominance and community similarity are respectively： B （4. 1059）, H （2.4716）, B （3.3322）, E （0.9042）, C （0.3442） and A - C （0. 5251）. The community diversity and correlation of environmental factors were also studied. The temperature, humidity, content of CO2 and N2, content of organic matter and some inorganic salts in soil were analyzed by Pearson correlation. The results showed that the content of organic matter in soil is positively related to species number, species richness and maximum community diversity, with correlations of 0. 885, 0.909, 0. 868 respectively （two-tailed significance test, P ≤ 0. 05）, and significantly positively related to diversity, with the coefficient of 0.611, （two-tailed significance test, P ≤ 0. 1）. This suggests that the content of organic matter in soil is one of the important elements influencing the community variation of cave animals. Outside the cave, temperature and humidity are important factors impacting on community diver- sity. As the temperature in all seasons in the cave is stable and the humidity is always high （above 90% ）, the temperature and humidity have weak correlation to community diversity in caves.
文摘The utilization of caves is a rather rare phenomenon in nonhuman primates, found almost exclusively in those members of the genus Trachypithecus that share a preference for forest on limestone （karst） hills in Vietnam and southern China. Here we report a new case of usage of caves as overnight sleeping shelters by Franqois＇ or black langurs （Trachypithecusfraru;oisi） at Mayanghe National Nature Reserve in Yanhe County, Guizhou Province, China. We tentatively address three possible hypotheses that may account for the use of caves in Francois＇ langurs at Mayanghe： shelter against climatic conditions, acquisition of minerals and protection from predators. utilization
基金project was funded jointly by the Orientation Project of Knowledge Innovation Program sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. kzcx2-yw-306)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.41003054 and 90202003)
文摘Soil water and cave drip water from four cave systems in Guizhou, Southwest China, were monitored and sampled monthly from April 2003 to May 2004 to understand spatio-temporal variations in hydro-geochemistry of cave percolation water. The results indicated that among the 5 drip water sites from the Liangfeng Cave (LFC), there were no significant differences among the hydro-geochemical parameters. In the Xiniu Cave (XNC), the drip rates were variable and responded quickly to precipitation events in the 3# (No. 3) drip site with variable water head; both bulk and variation in drip rates were smaller in the 2# with constant water head. However, in the Qixing Cave (QXC) and Jiangjun Cave (JJC), drip rates, concentrations of major ions and saturation index for calcite (SI C ) were smaller, and Mg/Ca ratios in Group I (1#, 2#, 6#, 7# and 8# in the QXC; 2# and 3# in the JJC) were larger than those in Group II (3#, 4#, 5# and 9# in the QXC; 1# and 4# in the JJC). These differences might be the result of different hydrogeological processes above the caves, which are divided into five categories based on hydro-geochemistry data. The formation of some proxies in speleothem, such as Mg/Ca, is likely to be affected by those processes.
基金supported by programs of the Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China(2019HJ2096001006)the Strategic Priority Research Program B of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.XDB31000000)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 31460091)the National Animal Collection Resource Center,China(No.2005DKA21402)the Application of Amphibian Natural Antioxidant Peptides as Cosmetic Raw Material Antioxidants(No.QKZYD[2020]4002)。
文摘We describe Odorrana liboensis sp.nov.,a new species from the Maolan National Nature Reserve,Libo County,Guizhou Province,China.Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial 12 S rRNA,16 S rRNA,and ND2 genes supported the new species as an independent lineage,closely related to O.lipuensis.The uncorrected genetic distances between the 12 S rRNA and16 S rRNA in the new species and its closest congener,O.lipuensis,were 6.06%and 5.19%,respectively.The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters:(1)having medium body size,with the snout-vent length(SVL)of adult females approximately 1.2 times as long as males at 56.9±1.0(55.8-58.2 mm,n=9)in females and 48.7±1.2(47.1-49.9 mm,n=5)in males;(2)head length greater than width in males and females;(3)tympanum distinctly visible,greater than one-half the diameter of the eye;(4)eyes big and prominent,width of upper eyelid(UEW)approximately3/4 of eye diameter(ED);(5)dorsolateral folds absent;(6)two metacarpal tubercles;(7)relative finger lengths:Ⅱ<Ⅰ<Ⅳ<Ⅲ;(8)subarticular tubercles on fingers prominent:1,1,2,2;(9)one metatarsal tubercle;(10)tibiotarsal articulation reaching to between the eye and nostril when the leg is stretched forward;(11)toes with entire webbing to disks;(12)subarticular tubercles on toes prominent:1,1,2,3,2;(13)dorsal surfaces of limbs with distinct brownish-black bands;(14)smooth,grass-green dorsum with irregular brown mottling;(15)venter smooth,lacking black spots;and(16)lacking pectoral spinules,lacking vocal sacs,and light white nuptial pad present on finger I in males.The new species is currently only known from the type locality.
