Variability of Aquatic Chemistry in CentralGuizhou Karst Region,China

It is necessary to understand the aquatic chemical characteristics of natural surfacefresh water for water quality assessment. The chemical data from different kinds of water inthe central Guizhou karst area showed that spring water from carbonate rock cracks (crack-water) is of neutrality or meta-alkalinity and [C] Ca Ⅱ type. The amounts of all ions and theconcentrations of HCO3 and Ca2+ were higher in the autumn than in the spring. the crack-water was influenced by the infiltration of surface water in the process of erosion and/or transportation with decreasing HCO3- and increasing PH, SO, Cl, K+ and Na+ during runningin a certain distance on the land suffice. In particular, the chemical compeitions of the watersat Tianxingqiao (upper-stream), Shuiliandong (mid-waterfall) and Luoshuitan (down-pool)near the Huangguoshu Waterfall were much different from those of the crack-water. The concentrations of , Na+, Fe3+ and NO3- varied closely with seasons. The CaCO3 depositedviolently with CO2 release in the spring. In Lake Hongfeng the HCO3- /So- equivalent ratioswere only 2. 1 - 2. 4, but Ca2 + /Md+ up tO 2. 4 - 4. 2. The CI- concentration increased by afactor Of 1 and Na+ by order of magnitude relative to the spring water. These indicated the in-crease in artificial pollutant discharge in the Lake Hongfeng watershed. In addition, porewater in the soils coveing carbonate rocks belongs to strongly mineralized water. The obvious differences in water quality were controlled by carbonate despition, sulphate mineralization and nitrogen fixation as well as ammonification. It is indicated that the chemical compeitions in thewaters from the karst region were unstable and changeable.

Analysis of Landscape Changes in the Karst Areas of Puding County in Guizhou Province

Based on GIS,RS and the landscape analysis software,landscape changes in the middle and lower reaches of Houzhai River in Puding County of Guizhou Province from 1973 to 2004 were analyzed.The results indicated that paddy fields and dry fields held a dominant status.In the change of landscape types,forest land reduced continually,dry fields changed complicatedly,and the mutual transformation among grass land,shrub land and forest land was obvious.The area of bare rock increased remarkably in the slope range between 10° and 35°.Artificially 'returning cultivation land into forests and pastures','reclamation by damaging forests and pastures',and natural ecosystem converse succession existed at the same time.Therefore,the whole landscape was in an unstable state.

Correlation of karst agricultural geo-environment with non-karst agricultural geo-environment with respect to nutritive elements in Guizhou

The karst area accounts for 61.9% of the total area in Guizhou Province, which gives rise to a fragile environment and backward economy. Comparative studies on the element contents of rock and soil and agriculture production in both carbonate area and non-carbonate area have been made to establish factors leading to low output and poor quality of agricultural products in the karst area. The result shows that there is an apparent lack of nutrient elements in carbonate rocks. The trace element contents of carbonate rocks are only 3532.27×10-6, but those of non-carbonate rocks are 10894.21×10-6. The available element contents in culti-vated soil delivered from carbonate rocks are merely 101.4×10-6, but those from non-carbonate rocks are 326.05×10-6. The available element contents and total element contents in cultivated soil delivered from non-carbonate rocks are 3 times higher than those from carbonate rocks. Besides, high-quality agricultural products such as rice, potato and tea are mainly produced in the non-carbonate area. It is indicated that the low output and quality of agricultural products are caused by the above-mentioned low trace element contents and poor agricultural environment. Therefore, a new method of mineral nutrients compensation has been put forward, which is very effective to raise the load-bearing capacity of agricultural environment, agricultural output and quality of agricultural products.

Research on Functional Characteristics of Karst Eco-economic Compound System in Guizhou Province

Based on the eco-economy theory,this paper analyzed the characteristics of the components of eco-economic compound system of karst region in Guizhou Province.The functional characteristics of eco-economic compound system of karst region in Guizhou Province were analyzed.The functional characteristics were as follows:low biological production of Guizhou Province;weak capacity of ecosystem;slow speed of storage and accumulation of material and serious environmental pollution;low production and efficiency of energy;serious wastes of energy.On the basis of functional characteristics of eco-economic compound System in Karst region.Some views in terms of maintenance and reconstruction of compound system,were put forward,including laying stress on improving ecological system;choosing and cultivating the advanced species that suit the Karst region;improving the amount and speed of material accumulation,at the same time,introducing into advanced production technologies and management experience;reducing the energy efficiency of each section in economic system and improving the transformation efficiency of energy.

Study on Depression Development Measures of Karst Rocky Desertification Area in Guizhou Province of China

In view of the current situation and environmental fragility of karst depression in Guizhou,the study proposed measures to utilize and explore it so as to promote economic development of Guizhou depression.

Temporal and spatial variations in hydrogeochemistry of cave percolation water and their implications for four caves in Guizhou, China

Soil water and cave drip water from four cave systems in Guizhou, Southwest China, were monitored and sampled monthly from April 2003 to May 2004 to understand spatio-temporal variations in hydro-geochemistry of cave percolation water. The results indicated that among the 5 drip water sites from the Liangfeng Cave (LFC), there were no significant differences among the hydro-geochemical parameters. In the Xiniu Cave (XNC), the drip rates were variable and responded quickly to precipitation events in the 3# (No. 3) drip site with variable water head; both bulk and variation in drip rates were smaller in the 2# with constant water head. However, in the Qixing Cave (QXC) and Jiangjun Cave (JJC), drip rates, concentrations of major ions and saturation index for calcite (SI C ) were smaller, and Mg/Ca ratios in Group I (1#, 2#, 6#, 7# and 8# in the QXC; 2# and 3# in the JJC) were larger than those in Group II (3#, 4#, 5# and 9# in the QXC; 1# and 4# in the JJC). These differences might be the result of different hydrogeological processes above the caves, which are divided into five categories based on hydro-geochemistry data. The formation of some proxies in speleothem, such as Mg/Ca, is likely to be affected by those processes.

The Evolution of a Karst Rocky Desertification Land Ecosystem and Its Driving Forces in the Houzhaihe Area, China

Understanding the evolution of karst rocky desertification (KRD) quantitatively is essential to obtain objective knowledge about the concept of KRD and the form reason of KRD, and is useful to restore KRD land. Houzhaihe area located in central plateau in Guizhou Province was studied here as a representative assemblage landform and its KRD’ s evolution and driving factors were studied, based mainly on high-resolution remote sensing image in 1963, 1978, 2005 and 2010. The KRD land comprises light KRD, moderate KRD and severe KRD. The results demonstrated that the evolution process of KRD can be divided into four modes such as unchanged, weakened, fluctuated and aggravated in the study area. The KRD with no changes from 1963 to 2010, namely, unchanged mode, accounted for 43.76% of the total area of the KRD in 2010;it distributed in the area with the slope of 15&#176 - 25&#176 and >25&#176 basically. Furthermore, the severe KRD distributed mainly in the areas within 300 - 600 m distance from settlement;when the distance away from the rural settlements was more than 900 m, the severe KRD declined, and its proportion was 28.6% and 10.6% in 1963 and 2010 respectively. In the peak-cluster depressions, located in central study area, the slope cropland with slope of 15&#176 - 25&#176 was still abounding, and was seriously rocky desertification generally. So, we propose that the existence of a large number of slope croplands is still the major driving factor of land rocky desertification. Therefore, for the rocky desertification control, the authors consider that the focal point is to alter the land use of steep-slope cropland at present.

贵州省饱和水汽压差时空变化特征与影响因素

饱和水汽压差(VPD)是表示区域大气干燥程度的重要指标,分析贵州省VPD时空变化特征及其影响机制对明晰气候变化规律和农业生产具有重要意义。研究基于中国气象局提供的CN05.1格点化观测数据集,量化并分析了1961—2022年贵州省喀斯特区域和非喀斯特区域VPD及其时空变化特征,采用多元线性回归方法识别了影响VPD变化的主要气象要素并分析了基于VPD的干旱危险性。结果发现:贵州省年际和季节尺度VPD存在显著的升高趋势,其中喀斯特区域和非喀斯特区域春季和夏季VPD空间分布和变化趋势均呈现相反的格局;以VPD为指标的贵州省干旱危险性显著升高,非喀斯特区域速率更快;气温和相对湿度是贵州省年际和季节尺度上VPD变化的主导气象要素,不同区域年和季节尺度上不同气象要素的贡献率稍有差异。

贵州喀斯特山区农业生态效率测度及影响因素研究——基于生态系统服务改进的对比分析

以期望产出是否包括农业生态系统服务,对贵州喀斯特山区农业生态效率进行对比分析,以期为推动该区农业绿色发展提供理论参考与数据支持。采用超效率SBM模型、GML指数测度2000—2019年贵州9个市(州)2种农业生态效率,并利用Tobit回归模型探讨其影响因素。结果表明:①传统的农业生态效率只有贵阳有效,期望产出考虑了农业生态系统服务后,除六盘水、安顺、黔西南及黔南外,其余市州农业生态效率均值进入到有效区。②研究期内贵州传统的农业全要素生产率(GML)年均增长2%,尤其是2012年以后GML指数增长明显。除了遵义、黔东南和铜仁,其余市州传统的农业全要素生产率(GML)均大于1,各市州农业生态效率提高主要依靠技术进步提升带动。除了遵义和铜仁,其余各市州改进的GML指数均较传统的有所降低。③产业结构、财政支农水平、农业机械化密度与传统和改进的农业生态效率均呈正相关,农民收入水平、化肥使用强度与传统和改进的传统农业生态效率都呈负相关,人均耕地水平与植被覆盖度与改进的农业生态效率呈正相关,但与传统的农业生态效率呈负相关。

Analysis and Study on Rock Desertification and Its Rehabilitation Landscapes in Guizhou Province

On the basis of combining landscape planning theories and rock desertification,this study analyzed and sorted out types of rock desertification landscapes,major rehabilitation models for the rock desertification rehabilitation landscapes,landscape representatives,and their socio-economic benefits.

全球气候变化下西南喀斯特地区气候与水文系统的综合响应研究——以贵州为例

以贵州为例,分析了1978—2021年贵州的年平均温度、降水、湿度、日照时数、地表水资源、地下水资源、河流输沙量等要素与气候变化的响应,并构建气候变化综合评价指数进行综合响应评价。结果表明:全球气候变暖与贵州气温变化相关性显著,而与年平均相对湿度、地表水资源量、地下水资源量和河流输沙量变化相关性比较微弱;随着全球气候变暖,贵州气温呈波动式的增加趋势,降水量也呈增加趋势,而贵州全省年日照时数、相对湿度、地表水资源量、地下水资源量和河流输沙量呈减少态势;综合响应总体呈增加趋势;贵州气候与水文系统中各要素总体变化幅度相对较小;在研究时段,气温、降水量、相对湿度、河流输沙量均为负偏态分布,表明平均量偏多的年份比偏少的年份出现的概率大;而地表水资源量、地下水资源量、日照时数为正偏态分布,表明平均量偏多的年份比偏少的年份出现的概率小。

基于InVEST模型的黔中喀斯特地区建设用地扩张碳储量变化研究

选择典型生态脆弱区黔中典型喀斯特地区—普定县为研究对象,采用土地利用动态度和土地利用转移分析方法,应用InVEST模型测算2003-2020年的陆地生态系统碳储量及其空间分布格局,探讨建设用地扩张对碳储量变化的影响。结果表明:(1)2003-2020年建设用地面积一直保持增加趋势,扩张速率表现为减缓态势,空间变化在中南部区域最为显著,主要侵占旱地、水田和灌木林地。(2)普定县碳储量整体呈上升趋势,累计增加15.07×10^(5)t,主要因碳密度较高的灌木林地大幅挤占旱地。(3)建设用地变化致使碳储量损失了22.37×10^(4)t,以中南部中心城区碳储量下降最为明显。因此,建议研究区在城市扩张过程中优先考虑碳密度较低的未利用地,同时限制建设用地对旱地、水田以及灌木林地的占用,以减少建设用地扩张对区域碳储存能力的影响。

基于下垫面结构的喀斯特地区洪涝演化特征研究

为探究不同下垫面结构下喀斯特地区的洪涝演化特征,基于贵州省1980~2020年降雨数据计算降水Z指数,利用系统聚类法划分贵州省下垫面结构,分析其洪涝时空演化特征,并探讨下垫面主导影响因子。结果表明:(1)贵州省下垫面可划分为深切割岩溶较强发育谷地区、浅切割岩溶中等发育谷地区、深切割非岩溶洼地区、浅切割岩溶强烈发育谷地区。(2) 1980~2020年贵州省呈变涝趋势,大涝发生次数较多;空间上整体呈东南高、西北低的分布格局,以大涝、重涝偏多,但各亚区空间分布特征不同。(3)不同下垫面条件对洪涝影响由大到小依次为地形地貌>岩溶发育强度>地表切割深度;各级洪涝在不同下垫面条件下均出现概率性转移,转移现象较活跃。研究成果可为喀斯特流域防洪减灾提供参考。

黔中岩溶区地下水水化学来源特征及其影响因素

文章基于区域水文地质、环境地质调查成果,对黔中岩溶区43个地下水点进行了枯水期和丰水期水样采集测试,利用地球化学图解及主成分分析(PCA)法,探讨该区枯水期和丰水期岩溶地下水水化学特征、离子来源及其影响因素。结果表明,该区地下水枯水期和丰水期的水化学特征及影响因素一致,水化学类型均以HCO_(3)(SO4)-Ca(Mg)为主,吉布斯图解分析表明研究区岩溶地下水为岩石风化型,水化学组成主要来源于岩石风化淋滤溶解;[(Ca+Mg)/HCO_(3)]-[SO4/HCO_(3)]图解分析认为研究区可溶性碳酸盐岩主要受碳酸的风化侵蚀作用控制,局部样品受石膏溶解影响显著;丰水期地下水主成分主要受水岩作用过程(PC1)、人类活动(PC2)及工业生产(PC3)等3类因素影响,这三个影响因素能够解释丰水期地下水水化学组分83.7%的特征;枯水期地下水主要受水岩作用过程(PC1*)和人类活动(PC2*)影响,这二类综合因子能够解释枯水期地下水化学组分85.1%的特征。水岩作用过程是该区地下水水化学组分最主要的影响因素。水岩作用主要影响K^(+)、Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、HCO_(3)-、TP、F^(-)、SiO_(2)等8项水质指标,人类活动主要影响NH_(4)^(+)、CODMn及Cl^(-)等3项水质指标,而磷矿开采主要影响SO_(4)^(2-)。研究成果深化了对黔中地区岩溶地下水水化学特征的认识,揭示了地下水离子组分来源及影响因素,研究成果对黔中岩溶区地下水资源的合理开发利用与保护具有积极的指导意义。

贵州典型喀斯特流域土壤氧化铁特征分异及其影响因素

探究亚热带喀斯特流域土壤氧化铁特征及其分异,对认识这类特殊地域综合体上土壤的发生发育及类型演化等具有重要意义。以贵州省普定县后寨河流域内53个典型剖面土壤为研究对象,测定诊断表层和诊断表下层不同形态氧化铁含量并计算其风化度指标,分析土壤氧化铁特征及其分异情况,探讨成土环境和土壤属性对氧化铁特征分异的影响。结果表明:由诊断表层至诊断表下层,全铁、游离铁呈增加趋势,平均增幅分别为25.54%和39.63%,铁氧化物具有在诊断表下层富集的特征;诊断表层铁活化度高于诊断表下层,而铁游离度和铁晶胶率与之相反。大部分诊断表下层土壤游离铁在30 g·kg^(-1)以上,铁游离度≥50%,铁活化度<30%,土壤处于中期脱硅富铝化阶段。母岩、土地利用、流域部位、有机质、pH、黏粒阳离子交换量和质地等对不同形态土壤氧化铁含量及其风化度指标分异均有显著影响(P<0.05);地理探测器分析表明,母岩与有机质对各氧化铁特征(除铁游离度)分异的解释力较大,二者交互作用下的q值最大(全铁41.9%、游离铁39.8%、非晶质铁40.1%、铁活化度41%、铁晶胶率52.5%),因此母岩和有机质为亚热带喀斯特流域土壤氧化铁特征分异的主控因子。

贵州喀斯特区4种适生植物持水能力研究

本文初步探讨了贵州喀斯特区不同藤本植物的截留能力变化特征。结果发现:对于喀斯特区不同藤本植物而言,茎截留率表现为葛藤>金银花>西番莲>任豆,叶片截留率表现为西番莲>葛藤>任豆>金银花,且叶片的截留能力比茎的截留能力强;在单位叶面积截留率中,任豆的截留能力最强。说明任豆可以作为贵州喀斯特区一种良好的固土护坡藤本植物。

毕节市三类不同瓦斯浓度煤矿周边夏季细菌多样性研究与差异分析

文章主要在夏季对毕节市内三类含有不同瓦斯浓度的煤矿周边矿石、矿水、土壤进行采集和检测,以了解其细菌多样性、分布情况、物种差异性等信息。实验采集市内距离相近的低瓦斯组、高瓦斯组、突出瓦斯组三组不同瓦斯浓度煤矿周边的矿石、矿水、土壤等样本,使用16S rDNA高通量测序技术检测其细菌多样性并进行数据分析。研究共采集到三组共20类煤矿周边样本,检出细菌55门,171纲,435目,780科,1919属,4599种。在门水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacte ria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)是丰度最高的物种;在属水平上,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、罗尔斯通菌属(Ralstonia)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)是丰度最高的物种。文章首次系统地观察了该区域内三个地理位置相近的不同瓦斯浓度煤矿周边样本的细菌多样性,并分析了相关样本的差异性。研究在属水平上找到7个与瓦斯浓度相关的细菌物种,分别为农研丝杆菌属(Niastella)、unclassified_p_Chloroflexi属、Vicinamibacter属、代尔夫特菌属(Delftia)、norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__OLB14属、unclassifie d_k__norank_d__Bac teria属和unclassified_f__Ste roidobac terac eae属,以及3个在医学上需要特别注意的细菌物种,分别是假单胞菌属(Pse udomonas)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)。研究结果为该区域内的相关基础研究、煤矿开采、矿区土地修复、临床细菌感染防治等提供了一定的细菌学相关基础参考数据。

贵州喀斯特山区地下水化学特征分析

基于贵州省找水打井工程1067口钻孔的水质检测数据,运用描述性统计分析、变异系数、Piper图、舒卡列夫分类、Gibbs图及离子比例系数等方法对研究区喀斯特水化学及分布特征进行分析,并探讨了主要离子成分的来源及其形成作用.研究结果表明,研究区地下水中阳离子以Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)为主,阴离子以HCO_(3)-为主,地下水化学类型主要为HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg型;地下水化学组分主要来源于碳酸盐岩的溶滤作用,Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)主要来自碳酸盐岩矿物的溶解,且矿物成分对Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)含量起到控制作用;Na^(+)、K^(+)的主要来源除受岩盐溶滤作用影响,还受其他含Na、K类矿物及人为作用的影响,而阳离子交替吸附作用影响较小;SO_(4)^(2-)主要来源于石膏等蒸发岩类的溶滤作用.

贵州喀斯特生态系统不同恢复阶段植物群落凋落物及碳氮归还动态

凋落物是森林生态系统碳库的重要组成部分,本研究对贵州普定喀斯特生态系统5种不同恢复阶段(稀灌草丛、藤刺灌丛、灌木林、乔灌过渡林、次生乔木林)植物群落的凋落物总量、凋落物组成(叶、枝、花果等)特征、凋落物量月动态及碳氮归还量进行了一年的定位观测。结果表明:稀灌草丛、藤刺灌丛、灌木林、乔灌过渡林、次生乔木林的年总凋落物量分别为726.0、3811.6、5161.0、4378.8、4604.8 kg/hm^(2),随着群落的恢复发展,凋落物总量呈现出先升高后缓降的变化趋势;各恢复阶段植物群落叶凋落物量占总凋落物量的64.2%~74.9%,枝凋落物量占总凋落物量的11.4%~18.1%,花果等凋落物量占总凋落物量的9.8%~19.5%;群落恢复初期(稀灌草丛、藤刺灌丛、灌木林)凋落物量月动态呈单峰型,而群落恢复中后期(乔灌过渡林、次生乔木林)凋落物量月动态呈双峰型,各恢复阶段植物群落的叶凋落物量与总凋落物量的月动态基本一致;C、N含量总体上表现为花果等凋落物>叶凋落物>枝凋落物,5种不同恢复阶段植物群落凋落物中C、N的年归还总量与其年总凋落物量显著正相关。

贵州典型岩溶区不同植被类型下碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率及影响因素

为探究不同岩溶区不同植被类型下碳酸盐岩溶蚀特征及其影响因素。采用溶蚀试片法研究贵州茂兰自然保护区(ML)、镇宁沙子乡(SZ)、兴义郑屯镇(ZT)和施秉干竹槽(GZ)4个典型岩溶区不同植被类型下的溶蚀速率,并分析其主要影响因素。结果表明:不同岩溶区基岩试片、标准试片在一年和一年半的溶蚀速率为2.37~7.42 mg/(cm^(2)·a),溶蚀速率大小表现为SZ>GZ>ML>ZT。4个岩溶区不同植被类型下的试片溶蚀速率存在明显差异,ML和GZ的试片溶蚀速率表现为乔木林>灌木林>草地,SZ和ZT的试片溶蚀速率表现为灌木林大于乔木林和草地,说明不同岩溶区乔木林和灌木林能明显促进碳酸盐岩溶蚀;在土壤0~30 cm,试片溶蚀速率整体随土层增加而增加。ML和ZT的溶蚀速率主要受到土壤CO_(2)含量和土壤pH的影响;SZ主要受到土壤pH和土壤含水量的影响;GZ主要受到土壤CO_(2)含量和土壤有机碳的影响,可见土壤因子对不同岩溶区溶蚀速率的影响存在差异。该研究可为岩溶碳汇精准估算和生态修复与保护提供参考依据。