Geochemical Indication of Sinian Bedded Siliceous Rocks in the Hunan-Guizhou-Guangxi Area and Their Environmental Significance

: In the Hunan-Guizhou-Guangxi area there have developed very thick bedded siliceous rocks of the late Sinian. The rocks have a fairly pure composition, with an average content of siliceous minerals exceeding 95%. They are relatively rich in Fe and Mn, and poor in Al, Ti and Mg. The Fe/Ti, (Fe+Mn)/Ti, Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) and U/Th ratios and the Al-Fe-Mn and Fe-Mn-(Ni+Co+Cu)×10 triangle diagrams all show that they are hydrothermal sedimentary siliceous rocks. In the rocks the total amount of REEs is low, the δCe shows an obvious negative anomaly and the δEu a weak anomaly, and LREE>HREE, all indicating that they are products of hydrothermal processes. The δ30Si and δ18O values, as well as the formation temperature of the rocks all clearly show that the silica forming the rocks comes from hot water. Besides, analyses of the depositional environment of the rocks using the MnO/TiO2 ratio and the δCe and δ30Si values yield the same conclusion that they are formed in environments from continental marginal slopes of a bathyal environment to oceanic basins of a deep-sea environment.

Experience and Methods for Maize Regional Experiment in Guizhou Mountainous Areas

Maize regional experiment is a an intermediate link for overall assessment and comprehensive evaluation on yielding ability, stable yield, stress, adaptability, and quality traits of new maize varieties in different ecological conditions. It is an essential process for determining whether the new maize varieties can pass the ex- amination and approval for extension. Besides, regional experiment is an important link connecting agricultural scientific researches and agricultural production. In addi- tion, it is a scientific basis for extension and application of new maize varieties in a region. Therefore, the maize regional experiment is of the utmost importance.

Geochemical Tracing of Ore-forming Material Sources of Carlin-type Gold Deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Triangle Area --A Case Study of the Application of the Combined Silicon Isotopes Geochemistry and Siliceous Cathodoluminescence Analysis

Abstract This paper deals with characteristics of silicon isotope compositions and siliceous cathodoluminescence of host rocks, ores and hydrothermal silicified quartz of the Carlin-type ore deposits in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi triangle area. The study shows that primary silicified quartz is nonluminescent but quartz in host rocks and secondary silicified quartz are luminescent by the action of cathode rays. Correspondingly, silicon isotope compositions of host rocks, ores and hydro6thermal quartz veins are clearly distinguished. In strata from the Middle Triassic to the “Dachang” host bed, δ30Si of the host rocks ranges from 0.0% ?0.3%, while that of primary ore-forming silicified fluids from ?0.1% to ?0.4%; in the Upper Permian and Lower Carboniferous strata and Indosinian diabase host beds, δ30Si of the host rocks is from ?0.1% to ?0.2% and that of the primary silicified quartz veins from 0.3 % ?0.5 %. This pattern demonstrates the following geochemical mineralization process, primary ore-forming siliceous fluids migrated upwards quickly along the main passages of deep-seated faults from mantle to crust and entered secondary faults where gold deposits were eventually formed as a result of permeation and replacement of the siliceous ore-forming fluids into different ore-bearing strata. This gives important evidence for the fact that ore-forming fluids of this type of gold deposits were mainly derived from upper mantle differentiation and shows good prospects for deep gold deposits and geochemical background for large and superlarge gold deposits.

Dynamic Comparison and Trend analysis of Southeast Guizhou's Experimental Area of Eco-civilization Construction and the National Eco-efficiency

In order to better understand the development level of eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction,we conduct dynamic comparison research of its eco-efficiency and the national eco-efficiency,using single ratio method based on the ecological footprint model,to grasp the gap between its eco-efficiency and the national eco-efficiency,so that we can take appropriate countermeasures to improve eco-efficiency. The results show that in the period 1978-2010,the eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction was always lower than the national eco-efficiency; the long-time average annual value of its eco-efficiency was less than one half of that of the national eco-efficiency,with the absolute gap of 1 630. 095 yuan /hm 2 ,and the gap tended to widen year by year in the period 1978-2002 ( the gap increased from 276. 551 yuan /hm 2 in 1978 to peak of 3 227. 713 yuan /hm 2 in 2002,with an average annual increase of 118. 047 yuan /hm 2 ,and especially after 1992,the gap was particularly evident,with an average annual increase of 194.771 yuan/hm 2 ) ,but from 2003,the gap between the two tended to decrease. Based on the prediction results of grey system,in the period 2011-2025,the gap between the eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction and the national eco-efficiency will gradually narrow,and from 2019, the eco-efficiency in Southeast Guizhou's experimental area of eco-civilization construction will be higher than the national eco-efficiency.

Characteristics and Methods of Groundwater Environmental Impact Assessment in Mining Areas of Guizhou Province:A Case Study of Zhijin Area of Zhina Mining Area

In Guizhou Province,karst areas and springs are widely distributed,and hydrogeological conditions are complex in mining areas. Usually there are many hydrogeological units in a mining area,and the hydrogeological conditions are very different from that of most northern mining areas in China. In view of the uniqueness of mining areas in Guizhou Province,taking Zhijin area of Zhina mining area as an example,the planning characteristics of mining areas and characteristics of groundwater environment in Guizhou Province were analyzed firstly,and then the characteristics and key considerations of groundwater environmental impact assessment in mining areas of Guizhou Province were studied. For example,when the height of water flowing fractured zone,impact radius,and the amount of water resources affected are calculated,it is necessary to analyze and evaluate as many typical mines as possible. The impact on springs as the sources of residents＇ drinking water should be analyzed one by one.

Economic and Financial Structural Adjustment at Village Level: A Case Study of Rural Areas in Guizhou Province

Village-level economy is not only the important foundation for promoting grass-roots agricultural and rural modernization, but also an essential guarantee for sustainable development of small scale economy of rural farmer households. Research on this field will play a significant role in rural economic development of Guizhou Province. Taking the observation data from 1999 to 2009 in 10 fixed observation villages in Guizhou Province, we carried out empirical survey and analysis on land scale and use structure, scale and composition of fixed assets for production, level and composition of operational income, and level and composition of financial revenue and expenditure at village level. Finally, we put forward conclusions and recommendations.

Natural Gas Prospecting by Using Satellite MT Data in Chishui Area,Guizhou

Oil-gas remote sensing information is obtained from satellite TM data through graph-ic treatment in the light of the hydrocarbon-microseepage theory. The nine target areas (ofthree types) selected on this basis coincide well with the occurrence of natural gases and have been proved by subsequent prospecting. Plants in the target areas are characterized, as a result of hydrocarbon- microseepage, by abnormal spectral features with the absorption peaks of chlorophyll shifting toward blue light, reflectivity in the range of visible light increasing and re-flectivity in the near infrared region decreasing.

Study on Depression Development Measures of Karst Rocky Desertification Area in Guizhou Province of China

In view of the current situation and environmental fragility of karst depression in Guizhou,the study proposed measures to utilize and explore it so as to promote economic development of Guizhou depression.

Geological characterization and exploration potential of shale gas in the Carboniferous Jiusi Formation,northern Guizhou and Yunnan provinces,SW China

Dark mudstones and shales of the Carboniferous Jiusi Formation are widely developed in northern Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, SW China. However, the distribution, reservoir characterization, and exploration potential of organic-rich shales in this area are yet to be quantified, thus limiting the prospect of shale gas in this area. This study investigates the basic geological conditions of Jiusi shale gas, using core data, well-logs, and some other test data, obtaining the following results. The organic-rich shales are mainly composed of deltaic-to-shallow-shelf deposits, with thickness ranging from 0 to 450 m, and above 350 m around the subsidence center. The organic matter is mainly type Ⅱ kerogen with TOC content of mostly 1%–2%, indicating a moderate maturity. The argillaceous shale reservoirs are indicative of strong heterogeneity, high clay minerals content, low porosity, low permeability, high specific surface area, and relatively developed secondary porosity. The gas-log anomaly intervals obtained from the survey wells have a cumulative thickness that is apparently greater than 200 m, and a few shale intervals showing high desorbed and adsorbed gas contents. Due to complex structures in the study area, conditions responsible for shale gas occurrence and trapping are generally moderate. However, areas having wide and gentle folds with moderate depth of burial reveals relatively favorable conditions of hydrocarbon traps. In contrast with typical marine-continental transitional shales, the Jiusi shale have better geological conditions for shale gas preservation. The analysis of the geological framework and hydrocarbon potential of Carboniferous Jiusi Formation provide more insight for the exploration of Carboniferous shale gas in southern China.

Discovery of micromammalian fauna of Sichuan-Guizhou Area in Lantian, Shaanxi

The study of the Xishuidong micromammalian fauna, found from Lantian, Shaanxi Province, indicates that both the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains and Sichuan_Guizhou area must belong to the same Oriental Realm in middle_late Middle Pleistocene. The age of the Xishuidong fauna should be later than that of the Gongwangling fauna, and even a little later than that of the Zhongjiawo fauna in age. The fauna is related not only to that of layers 9 and 8 of Peking Man Locality in northern China, but also to the micromammals from Hexian Man Locality in southern China.

生草对贵州高海拔区苹果园土壤呼吸及水热环境的影响

【目的】探明西南冷凉高地苹果产区果园不同草种覆盖条件土壤呼吸特征及其与土壤水热的关系,为筛选苹果园适宜生草类型提供参考依据。【方法】设置鼠茅草(Vulpia myuros)、鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)、光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa)、鼠茅草+鸭茅+白三叶混播、黑麦草+白三叶+鸭茅混播、鼠茅草+黑麦草+白三叶混播8个苹果园生草处理,以清耕作对照(CK),利用LI-6400XT便携式光合测定系统配套使用土壤呼吸气室(6400-09)测定果园土壤呼吸速率,采用非线性回归和指数模型,分析不同生草处理对土壤呼吸与土壤水热环境的影响。【结果】生草显著提高果园土壤呼吸速率,较清耕提高0.07%~256.39%,其中,黑麦草+白三叶+鸭茅混播处理提高幅度最高。生草覆盖显著提高土壤水分保持能力,对0~20 cm土层的影响最明显,相同月份不同生草处理间土壤水分差异明显,生草混播处理提高土壤水分能力优于生草单播处理。生草覆盖后显著降低夏季(5—7月)表层土壤(0~5 cm)温度。不同生草覆盖处理土壤水分含量与土壤呼吸以二次函数拟合效果最佳,决定系数R 2在0.242~0.989,拟合度较高。各生草处理土壤温度与土壤呼吸速率呈指数函数关系,0~5 cm和5~10 cm土层拟合模型决定系数R 2平均值高于10~15 cm和15~20 cm土层。土壤温度、水分及二者的交互作用对土壤呼吸的协同影响高于土壤单因子的影响。【结论】苹果园生草处理可显著提高土壤呼吸速率,显著增加0~20 cm土层土壤的水分保持能力,降低果园夏季表层土壤(0~5 cm)温度,有效改善苹果根系生长环境,有利于树体发育。不同生草模式中以黑麦草+白三叶+鸭茅混播处理效果最优。

黔西南雄武地区铀矿化与有机流体的成因联系

在黔西南地区,前人针对构造演化、油气流体、金矿床成矿流体和成矿模式等方面开展了大量的研究,但铀矿床研究方面还十分薄弱,尤其针对有机流体与铀成矿的关系还未开展研究。本次研究在野外地质调查基础上,对黔西南雄武地区大际山铀矿床及大梨树铀矿床中典型的矿石与蚀变围岩样品开展了显微岩相学、扫描电镜‒能谱分析、电子探针、流体包裹体、激光拉曼、稳定同位素等方面研究。宏观上,铀矿体的中心部位往往呈黑色,矿体两侧呈灰色、灰褐色,矿体中心向两侧颜色逐渐变浅。镜下研究发现,铀矿物、黄铁矿等金属矿物与黑色的有机质紧密共生。激光拉曼分析指示,这些有机质经历的最高温度为185~237℃,等效镜质体反射率指示有机质处于高成熟‒过成熟阶段,具有焦沥青的特征。铀矿体外围蚀变带中饱含显示强浅蓝色荧光的轻质油,指示富烃类有机流体与成矿物质可能为同一来源,均为含铀有机流体演化而成。铀矿石中黑色有机质的^(13)C值与其赋矿碳酸盐岩表现出明显的异源特征,且与当地古油藏的C同位素具有相似性,指示焦沥青可能来源于深部侵位的古油藏。铀矿物微区年代学与有机质Re-Os年代学的研究结果在误差范围内基本一致,均为喜山期,进一步指示铀矿物和有机质是同时代地质作用的产物。黔西南雄武地区铀的沉淀应该与油气裂解‒分异作用相关,其铀矿成矿作用既不是以往认为的沉积成岩型,也不是沉积成岩叠加淋积‒热液改造型,而应该是构造作用下、深部渗出含铀富有机质成矿流体形成的渗出碳酸盐岩型铀矿床。成矿过程中,铀钼等多金属可能以微纳米超显微结构的形式随有机流体共同迁移,在温压条件变化的情况下,含矿的富烃类有机流体发生裂解‒分异作用,致使铀、黄铁矿等金属物质与重质组分(沥青)残留于破碎带或构造裂隙中而发生铀矿化,而轻质组分(轻质油)发生逃逸,部分以包裹体或孔隙流体的形式捕获于构造带或上覆地层中。

贵州喀斯特山区农业生态效率测度及影响因素研究——基于生态系统服务改进的对比分析

以期望产出是否包括农业生态系统服务,对贵州喀斯特山区农业生态效率进行对比分析,以期为推动该区农业绿色发展提供理论参考与数据支持。采用超效率SBM模型、GML指数测度2000—2019年贵州9个市(州)2种农业生态效率,并利用Tobit回归模型探讨其影响因素。结果表明:①传统的农业生态效率只有贵阳有效,期望产出考虑了农业生态系统服务后,除六盘水、安顺、黔西南及黔南外,其余市州农业生态效率均值进入到有效区。②研究期内贵州传统的农业全要素生产率(GML)年均增长2%,尤其是2012年以后GML指数增长明显。除了遵义、黔东南和铜仁,其余市州传统的农业全要素生产率(GML)均大于1,各市州农业生态效率提高主要依靠技术进步提升带动。除了遵义和铜仁,其余各市州改进的GML指数均较传统的有所降低。③产业结构、财政支农水平、农业机械化密度与传统和改进的农业生态效率均呈正相关,农民收入水平、化肥使用强度与传统和改进的传统农业生态效率都呈负相关,人均耕地水平与植被覆盖度与改进的农业生态效率呈正相关,但与传统的农业生态效率呈负相关。

明清时期武陵山区农村经济发展探析——以黔东北地区为中心

随着改土归流的不断深入、国家权力的不断延伸以及外来移民的大量涌入,明清时期武陵山区的农村经济有了较大发展,具体表现在:农业生产技术有了较大提高,农业结构得到一定调整;农村手工业的进步较为明显,推动了山地资源的商品化生产;农村商品经济不断活跃,促进了农村市场的扩大。明清时期武陵山区农村经济的发展,为该区域其他社会事业的发展奠定了良好的经济基础,也为当今经济发展提供了历史借鉴和启示。

黔北牛蹄塘组页岩气组成特征及富氮机理

贵州黔北地区页岩气资源储量丰富,主要目的层为牛蹄塘组和龙马溪组两套富有机质烃源岩,具有良好的生烃物质基础及潜力,但气井测试显示牛蹄塘组页岩气中氮气含量普遍超过80%,甲烷含量低。针对这一现象,开展了页岩气气体组分和碳氢同位素测试,分析了页岩气井中CH_(4)、CO_(2)和N_(2)的来源;结合页岩地球化学特征、区域地质背景和构造特征、岩芯裂缝分布、深部岩浆热液活动以及典型页岩气井解剖,探讨了黔北牛蹄塘组页岩气井富氮机理。研究发现:黔北地区区域地质构造复杂,储层受多期次构造运动影响,断层和裂缝发育;牛蹄塘组页岩岩芯裂缝多被方解石充填,说明该地区曾经岩浆热液活动较为频繁;不同构造带页岩含气量差异明显,氮气含量高,甲烷含量低,具有一定的区域普遍性;页岩气中的CH_(4)属于有机成因热裂解气,CO_(2)是有机质热转化过程中形成的,N2的来源与成熟(特别是高成熟)阶段有机质热氨化作用和深部地壳、上地幔岩浆热液沿着断裂带入有关。构造相对稳定、断层裂缝不发育和岩浆热液活动不频繁的古隆起区域为页岩气开发的优选方向,研究成果可以为牛蹄塘组页岩气成藏机理及后续的资源评价和勘探部署提供理论指导。

黔西北普底地区富锂黏土岩地球化学特征及成因

黔西北普底地区二叠系梁山组直接不整合于寒武系娄山关组之上,梁山组黏土岩中有锂的超常富集现象,研究其富集机制可为黏土岩中锂资源开发与评价提供更为丰富的信息。采用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)分析、LA-ICP-MS面扫分析、矿物自动定量分析系统(AMICS)、X衍射和扫描电镜等手段,结合U-Pb年代学研究,对黏土岩中富集的锂开展元素地球化学、物质来源及赋存状态研究。研究结果表明:富锂黏土岩产于中二叠统梁山组中下部,锂矿化体产状受下伏基底娄山关组白云岩岩溶不整合面控制。富锂黏土岩中Li, Ga, V,Nb, Zr和F等元素相对富集,Ba和Sr等元素相对贫化。富锂黏土岩富集轻稀土元素,轻稀土元素以La、Ce和Nd为主,重稀土元素以Y为主。富锂黏土岩以淡水陆相沉积为主,具有陆相、海陆过渡相和海相多相沉积特征,沉积环境以氧化环境为主,形成于热带-亚热带温湿气候。富锂黏土岩锆石年龄谱约具有2.5 Ga、1.4 Ga、980 Ma、780 Ma和530 Ma 5个峰值,其中主要峰约为980、780和530 Ma。初步认为研究区梁山组富锂黏土岩具有多重物源,寒武系娄山关组不纯白云岩可能为主要物源,黏土岩中的Li主要赋存于高岭石中。

黔北地区安场向斜常压页岩气储层特征与主控因素

黔北地区钻探揭示具有良好的页岩气勘探开发前景,已在正安地区安场向斜内取得重大突破,但表现出不同井间产量存在明显差异,储层发育及主控因素需进一步明确。基于黔北地区安场向斜6口直导眼井的测井、录井及分析化验资料,结合地震及生产数据对五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气储层特征和主控因素开展系统分析。研究认为,黔北地区安场向斜五峰组—龙马溪组一段岩石类型主要为碳质页岩。储层矿物组分主要为石英,平均为58.66%,黏土矿物次之。总体脆性矿物含量高,龙马溪组一段脆性矿物含量平均为77.19%,龙马溪组一段上部脆性矿物含量明显低于下部。五峰组—龙马溪组优质页岩气层储集类型丰富,主要为有机质孔、无机孔和微裂缝;实测孔隙度平均为3.46%,渗透率平均为0.0022mD,总体表现为中—低孔、特低渗储层;有机质类型为Ⅰ型,为高成熟度页岩;总有机碳含量平均为4.58%,总含气量平均为4.85m^(3)/t。进一步分析认为,黔北地区安场向斜五峰组—龙马溪组沉积时期有利的贫氧到缺氧的沉积环境,为有机质的富集奠定了基础,有机质孔的大量发育为储层发育提供了保障,良好的保存条件对页岩气的富集成藏起着关键性作用,压力系数是页岩气产量的决定性因素。

音频大地电磁法在黔西南金矿区域地电特征研究中的应用

黔西南地区是我国重要的卡林型金矿分布区,区内台地和盆地沉积格局交替频繁,金矿成矿主要受褶皱和断裂构造控制,查明该区地层分布及构造展布特征对于该区金矿找矿具有重要意义。本文以黔西南金矿区为研究靶区,分别进行了音频大地电磁法(Audio Magnetotelluric Method,AMT)在台地相、盆地相不同模式的正反演计算,基于优选的反演模式在区内实地开展了音频大地电磁法的应用研究,取得主要结果与认识:①台地相区地层电性差异明显,基于TE&TM联合反演模式的AMT能有效区分地层、查明断裂构造空间展布特征;②受上部厚低阻层影响,AMT在盆地相区地层区分性弱,基于TM反演模式的AMT能清晰反映褶皱、断裂构造空间展布特征;③黔西南金矿区域地质条件复杂,因地制宜的优选AMT反演模式是实现该区地电结构精细刻画的关键。研究成果与区内实测断层、钻探工程等验证结果吻合较好,充分体现了AMT在该区查明地层分布及构造展布特征的有效性;另一方面进一步明确了黔西南金矿区域台地相、盆地相AMT反演模式,对后人利用AMT在该区及相近地区实现金矿找矿突破具有重要的参考价值。

红色文旅融合发展效应时空演变及短板分析——以湘鄂渝黔革命老区为例

系统思辨红色文旅融合发展效应的内涵,构建综合性评价指标体系,揭示湘鄂渝黔革命老区2013—2022年红色文旅融合发展效应的时空演化特征及其短板。结果表明:(1)红色文旅融合发展效应水平偏低但稳步缓慢提升,呈现东部率先实现升级并带动周边提升的格局。(2)各县域红色文旅融合发展效应提升水平交错呈现,尚未形成稳定的增长极。(3)红色文旅融合发展效应区域差异小,整体上呈现波动缩小态势,但湖北片区与贵州片区差异略有扩大。(4)社会效应与文化效应是关键短板,创新发展、文脉传承与地方关注度是三大突出短板因子。

生态脆弱区公路选线优化及生态敏感性研究——以贵州省黔东南州玉屏至镇远公路为例

大规模交通基础设施的快速发展加剧了生态风险,尤其是生态脆弱区的公路建设,易对沿线生物多样性及生态系统构成重大威胁,如何填补这一空白,更好地优化公路选线仍缺乏普遍研究。本研究以贵州省黔东南州玉屏至镇远公路选线为例,采取客观、定量的评价方法分析公路沿线生态稳定性,通过构建公路生态敏感性评价体系,运用层次分析法(AHP)及ArcGIS空间加权叠加分析,指导其在生态脆弱区的选线优化,有效防止生态系统的进一步破碎和丧失。结果表明:1)从高程(B1)、坡度(B2)、坡向(B3)、水源保护(B4)、土地利用现状(B5)、风景名胜资源保护(B6)、植被覆盖度(B7)、景观破碎度(B8)、地质灾害(B9)9个指标进行评价,权重值由大到小为B7>B1>B4>B8>B5>B2>B9>B6>B3,表明植被覆盖度对公路生态敏感性影响最大,坡向影响最小。2)玉屏至镇远公路生态敏感性分值为1.60~5.62,高敏感区和中敏感区分别占10.72%和25.84%。3)对传统公路选线(B线)与基于生态敏感性选线(K线)指标对比,K线生态敏感性(4.34)低于B线(4.58),提出了不同路段工程建设适宜性与生态恢复策略。本研究为生态脆弱区公路选线提供了科学依据,并可推广至其他领域绿色基础设施的规划与实践。