Enrichment factors of movable hydrocarbons in lacustrine shale oil and exploration potential of shale oil in Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin,NE China

The geological characteristics and production practices of the major middle-and high-maturity shale oil exploration areas in China are analyzed.Combined with laboratory results,it is clear that three essential conditions,i.e.economic initial production,commercial cumulative oil production of single well,and large-scale recoverable reserves confirmed by the testing production,determine whether the continental shale oil can be put into large-scale commercial development.The quantity and quality of movable hydrocarbons are confirmed to be crucial to economic development of shale oil,and focuses in evaluation of shale oil enrichment area/interval.The evaluation indexes of movable hydrocarbon enrichment include:(1)the material basis for forming retained hydrocarbon,including TOC>2%(preferentially 3%-4%),and typeⅠ-Ⅱkerogens;(2)the mobility of retained hydrocarbon,which is closely related to the hydrocarbon composition and flow behaviors of light/heavy components,and can be evaluated from the perspectives of thermal maturity(Ro),gas-oil ratio(GOR),crude oil density,quality of hydrocarbon components,preservation conditions;and(3)the reservoir characteristics associated with the engineering reconstruction,including the main pore throat distribution zone,reservoir physical properties(including fractures),lamellation feature and diagenetic stage,etc.Accordingly,13 evaluation indexes in three categories and their reference values are established.The evaluation indicates that the light shale oil zones in the Gulong Sag of Songliao Basin have the most favorable enrichment conditions of movable hydrocarbons,followed by light oil and black oil zones,containing 20.8×10^(8) t light oil resources in reservoirs with R_(0)>1.2%,pressure coefficient greater than 1.4,effective porosity greater than 6%,crude oil density less than 0.82 g/cm^(3),and GOR>100 m/m^(3).The shale oil in the Gulong Sag can be explored and developed separately by the categories(resource sweet spot,engineering sweet spot,and tight oil sweet spot)depending on shale oil flowability.The Gulong Sag is the most promising area to achieve large-scale breakthrough and production of continental shale oil in China.

Petroleum Retention,Intraformational Migration and Segmented Accumulation within the Organic-rich Shale in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin,Northeast China

In this study,organic geochemical and petrological analyses were conducted on 111 shale samples from a well to understand the retention,intraformational migration and segmented accumulation(shale oil enrichment in different intervals is unconnected)features of shale oil within the organic-rich shale in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag.Our study shows that retained petroleum characteristics in the investigated succession are mainly influenced by three factors:organic richness,intraformational migration and segmented accumulation.Organic matter richness primarily controls the amount of retained petroleum,especially the‘live’component indicated by the S_(2)value rather than the total organic carbon(TOC)figure alone.The negative expulsion efficiencies determined by mass-balance calculations of hydrocarbons reveal that petroleum from adjacent organic-rich intervals migrates into the interval of about 2386-2408 m,which is characterized by high free hydrocarbon(S_(1)),OSI and saturated hydrocarbons content,along with a greater difference inδ^(13)C values between polar compounds(including resins and asphaltenes)and saturated hydrocarbons.The depth-dependent heterogeneity of carbon isotope ratios(δ^(13)C)of mud methane gas,δ^(13)C of extracts gross composition(SARA),δ^(13)C of kerogen and SARA content of extracts suggest that the studied succession can be subdivided into four intervals.The shale oil sealing enrichment character in each interval is further corroborated by the distinctδ^(13)C values of mud methane gas in different intervals.Due to the migration of petroleum into the 2386-2408 m interval,the S_(1),OSI and saturated hydrocarbons content of the interval show higher relative values.The maturity of organic matter in the 2471-2500 m interval is at the highest with the smaller size molecular components of the retained petroleum.Thus,favorable‘sweet spots’may be found in the 2386-2408 m interval and the 2471-2500 m interval,according to the experiment results in this study.

Microscopic oil occurrence in high-maturity lacustrine shales:Qingshankou Formation,Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin

Occurrence and mobility of shale oil are prerequisites for evaluating shale oil reserves and prioritizing exploration targets,particularly for heterogeneous lacustrine shales.The Qingshankou Formation in the Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin is a classic lacustrine pure shale reservoir that contains abundant shale oil resources.The predicted geological reserves of the shale are 1.268×10^(9) t.In this study,field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM),the modular automated processing system(MAPS),pyrolysisgas chromatography(Py-GC),low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption(LPNA),Soxhlet extraction,pyrolysis,and 2-D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)were integrated to describe the shale oil components,microscopic occurrence,mobility,and the effective pore size distribution.Meanwhile,the related controlling factors are discussed.The shale oil in the Qingshankou Fm exists dominantly in the matrix pores of the clay minerals,with small amounts distributed in the intergranular pores of terrigenous clastic grains,intercrystalline pores of pyrite,intragranular pores of ostracod shells,and micro-fractures.Shale oil is distributed in the pore spaces of variable sizes in different lithofacies.The clay mineral-laminated shales are characterized by the broadest range of pore size and largest volume of pore spaces with shale oil distribution,while the ostracod-laminated shales have limited pore spaces retaining oil.Furthermore,the proposed integrated analysis evaluates the shale oil molecules existing in two states:movable,and adsorbed oil,respectively.The result illustrates that movable oil takes up 30.6%e79.4%of the total residual oil.TOC,mineral composition,and pore structures of the shale joint together to control the states and mobility of the shale oil.TOC values are positively correlated with the quantities of shale oil regardless of the state of oil.The mineral components significantly impact the state of shale oil.Noticeable differences in the states of oil were observed following the changing types of minerals,possibly due to their difference in adsorption capacity and wettability.Clay minerals attract more adsorbed oil than movable oil.Felsic minerals generally decrease the occurrence of total and adsorbed oil.Carbonate plays a positive role in hydrocarbon retention of all the shale oil states.As for the pore structure,the average pore size exerts a critical impact on the total,movable,and adsorbed oil content.The total pore volume and specific surface area of shales play a principal role in controlling the total yields and amounts of adsorbed oil.This research improves the understanding of the occurrence characteristics and enrichment mechanisms of shale oil in terrestrial pure shales and provides a reference for locating favorable shale oil exploration areas.

Calculation of oil saturation in clay-rich shale reservoirs:A case study of Qing 1 Member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin,NE China

The targeted reservoir,which is referred as the first member of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in Gulong Sag,Songliao Basin,NE China,is characterized by the enrichment of clay and lamellation fractures.Aiming at the technical challenge of determining oil saturation of such reservoir,nano-pores were accurately described and located through focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy and quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning electron microscopy based on Simandoux model,to construct a 4D digital core frame.Electrical parameters of the shale reservoir were determined by finite element simulation,and the oil saturation calculation method suitable for shale was proposed.Comparison between the results from this method with that from real core test and 2D nuclear magnetic log shows that the absolute errors meet the requirements of the current reserve specification in China for clay-rich shale reservoir.Comparison analysis of multiple wells shows that the oil saturation values calculated by this method of several points vertically in single wells and multiple wells on the plane are in agreement with the test results of core samples and the regional deposition pattern,proving the accuracy and applicability of the method model.

Preliminary study on nanopores,nanofissures,and in situ accumulation of Gulong shale oil

The Qingshankou Formation shale oil in the Gulong Sag is an important oil and gas reservoir in the Daqing oilfield,with geological resources of 15.1 billion tons.The fabric of shale can reflect not only its genesis but also the nature of the reservoir space,its physical properties,oil content,and development value.Here,the characteristics of clay minerals in the Gulong shale oil reservoir were studied via electron microscopy,with the primary focus on the microfabrics and reservoir space;thereafter,the in situ accumulation was studied and discussed.Electron backscattering patterns revealed that nanometer pores and fissures were well developed in the Gulong shale oil reservoir.The nano pores were mostly 20-50 nm in diameter(median 20-30 nm),irregularly shaped,mostly,polygonal,and connected with nanofissures.The widths of nanofissures ranged mostly between 10-50 nm(median 20-30 nm);moreover,these fissures were mainly formed by F-F condensation of clay sheets(clay domains).The coagulation of clays was closely related to organic matter,especially algae.The clay colloids were negatively charged due to isocrystalline replacement;hence,metal cations were absorbed around the clay,forming a positive clay group.The positively charged clays subsequently adsorbed negatively charged humic acid(organic matter)and initially degraded algae to form an organic clay flocculant.When the organic clay flocculates reached the threshold for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion,the volume of organic matter decreased by 87%;thereafter,the generated and expelled hydrocarbon filled the nearby pores formed by this contraction.Moreover,the discharged hydrocarbon could not migrate due to capillary resistance(~12 MPa)of the nanopores;hence,the nanopores formed a unique continuous in situ reservoir within the Gulong shale oil.This study demonstrated that the Gulong shale oil reservoir is an actual clay-type shale reservoir with numerous nanopore and fissures.During coagulation,a large amount of organic matter(including layered algae)was absorbed by the clay,forming an organic clay condensate that could have provided the material foundation for hydrocarbon generation at a later stage.Thermal simulation experiments revealed that the volume of organic matter decreased sharply after hydrocarbon generation and expulsion.

松辽盆地古龙凹陷青山口组页岩油储层中的重力坠落砂脉的发现及其意义

古龙页岩油是松辽盆地重要的接替资源,资源量可达151亿吨之多。从沉积和岩石学特点上看,古龙青山口组页岩最大的特点之一是广泛发育了一种很特殊的砂脉,所以这也是探讨古龙青山口组页岩形成环境的一个重要信息。古龙青山口组页岩油储层中的砂脉总体规模较小,宽度多在1~2 mm,可见长度(或高度)多在1~2 cm,大部分弯曲如肠,少数微曲;多倾斜产出,倾斜方向有一定规律,隔180°对称;一般发育在灰黑色的泥页岩中,少量发育在粉砂岩和白云岩(结核)中。砂脉的上部或顶部一般都有一层粉砂,与砂脉紧密相连,是砂脉的“根”;而砂脉的底部一般都是灰黑色的泥页岩,见不到粉砂层,所以揭示形成砂脉的源物质是来自于顶部的粉砂层,而不是底部。初步研究认为,古龙青山口组页岩油储层中的岩脉有两种成因:第一种是高压液化充注,形成了规模较大的砂脉;第二种由密度倒置引起的重力沉降形成风暴把(粉)砂级颗粒快速搬运到刚沉积的黏土之上,由于风暴浪的振荡,使粉砂液化流动,再加上黏土的密度较小和粉砂层的密度较大,使得粉砂在重力的驱动下沉降到黏土中形成砂脉。研究古龙页岩油储层中的砂脉具有4个意义:1)可以研究砂脉形成时的沉积环境、沉积过程和沉积物状态;2)可以研究泥页岩的成岩压实率;3)辅助确定白云岩(结核)的形成时间;4)可以辅助储层评价。

基于地震波形驱动层序格架建立及页岩岩相特征研究--以松辽盆地古龙页岩油5号试验区为例

松辽盆地古龙凹陷页岩油具有良好的富集条件和勘探开发潜力,已开展规模开发试验。目前,青山口组内部的细分层序地层研究还不够深入,影响古龙页岩油地质综合研究、甜点预测及部署。以松辽盆地古龙页岩油5号试验区为例,以地震层序地层学理论为指导,针对页岩型页岩油横向沉积相对稳定的特点,采用各向异性扩散滤波、层序识别与选取等手段,地震处理、解释及地质结合,使得地震波形可指示地质层位,形成基于地震波形驱动的层序格架建立技术。该技术实现了地震波形向沉积地层地质含义的快速转化,在研究区青山口组识别出1个二级、1个三级及8个四级层序界面,划分为Q1—Q9共9个小层,分析了各小层的格架特征,为页岩油岩相和甜点精细预测奠定基础。基于细分层地层格架,通过分析TOC、沉积构造、矿物成分、页理密度4个评价参数,建立了古龙页岩油页岩型岩相划分标准,划分为10类亚相。以研究区Q1—Q4小层为例,页岩岩相划分为3类亚相,描述了其平面分布特征。基于以上研究,结合含油性、脆性及物性等6个页岩油甜点参数的预测成果,在5号试验区优化布井11口,单井平均日产油在10t以上,有效支撑了松辽盆地古龙页岩油的效益勘探开发。

松辽盆地古龙凹陷白垩系青山口组页岩油储层中微米孔缝特征及油气意义

通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、电子背散射、二次成像及能谱分析等多种实验手段,对松辽盆地古龙凹陷白垩系青山口组页岩油储层中的微米孔和微米缝进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)古龙凹陷页岩油储层岩性为以页岩为主的细粒碎屑岩,矿物成分以黏土和长英质为主,在结构上显示出泥岩或页岩的特点,整体为长英质页岩;储层中微米孔、缝发育,类型多样。(2)研究区微米孔直径一般为1~2μm,最大可达70μm,多呈近圆形、扁圆形、多角形和不规则形,按成因可分为压实应力屏蔽孔、成岩自生孔、溶蚀孔、生排烃扩张孔、有机质孔和硅藻残留孔6类;压实应力屏蔽孔多发育在刚性矿物的两侧;成岩自生孔常发育在白云石、绿泥石、伊利石等成岩自生矿物中,以晶间孔为主;溶蚀孔多发育在碳酸盐矿物中,内部可见次生菌丝状絮凝体;生排烃扩张孔多呈垂直或近垂直成列产出,与轻质油形成的二次生烃和排烃有关;有机质孔发育在有机质内部,与植物的残留细胞及轻质油和天然气的充填有关;硅藻残留孔主要发育在硅藻内部和边缘,孔径较大,一般为数微米至数十微米。(3)研究区微米缝以顺层为主,宽一般为1~10μm,最大可达100μm,长主要为数微米至数十微米,可见毫米级;可分为成岩收缩缝、溶蚀缝、生排烃扩张缝和构造/剪切缝4类,成岩收缩缝以张性缝为主,缝弯曲,缝壁参差不齐;溶蚀缝宽度可达60~70μm,裂缝内可见自生黏土,缝两侧有黄铁矿、磷灰石和白云石等自生矿物;生排烃扩张缝两侧多锯齿状参差不齐,绕过刚性矿物;构造/剪切微米缝一般平直,有与剪切相关的其他裂缝伴生。(4)研究区不同尺度的孔、缝之间连通性较好,形成了“纳米孔+纳米缝、微米孔+微米缝、毫米孔+毫米缝”三级储集和输导体系。

An analysis of major scientific problems and research paths of Gulong shale oil in Daqing Oilfield, NE China

After the preliminary basic research on the problems encountered during the production period of Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin, NE China, and the scientific exploration, the special characteristics of Gulong shale oil in terms of reservoir space, phase distribution, flow pattern, and mineral evolution are proposed. The main results are as follows :(1) The source of organic matter, mechanism of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and key factors affecting shale oil abundance;(2) The types and structural characteristics of the reservoir and their contribution to porosity and permeability;(3) The mineral origin and evolution of minerals and their influence on reservoir availability, sensitivity, and compressibility;(4) The rock mechanical characteristics and fracture propagation law of Gulong shale;(5) The shale oil products, phase change law and main control factors of adsorption and desorption conversion of Gulong shale oil;(6) The mechanism of shale oil-liquid, solid-liquid gas interaction and enhanced oil recovery. Three key research suggestions are proposed to realize the large-scale economic utilization of the Gulong shale oil as follows:(1) Deepen research on the mechanism of oil and gas generation and discharge, storage and transportation, to guide the selection of geological sweet spots of shale oil;(2) Deepen research on the compressibility and fracture initiation mechanism to support the selection of engineering sweet spots and optimization of engineering design;(3) Deepen research on the fluid interaction mechanism under reservoir conditions, os us to guide the optimization of development schemes and the selection of EOR technologies. A successful development of Gulong shale oil requires global experts and scholars to contribute multidisciplinary innovative ideas and technical ideas to solve production problems.

Exploration breakthrough and its significance of Gulong lacustrine shale oil in the Songliao Basin,Northeastern China

Lacustrine shale oil resources are abundant in many petroliferous basins in China.The shale oil formations are characterized by low API gravity,high viscosity,poor mobility,high clay content,low brittleness and etc.Exploration of lacustrine shale oil started relatively late in China,but its progress is very rapid and breakthroughs have been made successively.In this short communication,we introduced the most significant shale oil discovery which is made recently in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong sag in the Songliao Basin.Key exploratory wells including Guye 1H(GY1H),Yingye 1H(YY1H)and Guye 2HC(GY2HC)tested stable and high oil flow in shale reservoirs,revealing the relatively stable and high oil production capacity of shale in the Gulong sag of Daqing Oilfield.It marks a leap of petroleum theoretical recognition from lacustrine shale generating oil to producing oil and from the theory of traditional oil migration and accumulation to the theory of indigenous oil accumulation in organic-rich shale.Although lacustrine shale oil exploration and development still faces many challenges in China,its prospect is quite promising.

陆相页岩油可动烃富集因素与古龙页岩油勘探潜力评价

通过对中国主要中高熟页岩油探区的地质特征和生产实践分析,结合分析化验结果,提出陆相页岩油能否投入规模开发需要兼备3个条件:初始产量有经济性、单井累计采油量有经济性与经试采证实的可动用储量有规模,明确了可动烃数量与品质是决定页岩油能否经济开发的关键,也是页岩油富集区/段评价需要关注的重点。研究提出可动烃富集评价指标包括:(1)形成滞留烃的物质基础,以TOC>2%为必要条件,3%~4%最好,母质类型为Ⅰ—Ⅱ1型;(2)滞留烃流动性,与烃组分构成及其中轻/重烃组分流动特征密切相关,可从热成熟度(R_(o))、气油比(GOR)、原油密度、烃组分构成品质、保存条件等方面评价;(3)工程关联要素,包括孔喉主分布区、储集物性(含裂缝)、页理特征与成岩阶段。据此建立3类13项评价指标及参考值,评价认为古龙页岩油轻质油带可动烃富集条件最有利,其次为稀油带和黑油带,其中R_(o)>1.2%、压力系数大于1.4、有效孔隙度大于6%、原油密度小于0.82 g/cm^(3)与GOR>100m^(3)/m^(3)的轻质油资源量20.8×10^(8)t。古龙页岩油可依据页岩油流动特征,按资源甜点、工程甜点和致密油型甜点分类勘探开发,是中国最具希望实现规模突破和建产的陆相页岩油分布区。

子波分解与重构技术在古龙凹陷Y54井区扶余油层储层预测中的应用

大庆油田古龙凹陷Y54井区西部青一段厚砂岩区的地震反射超强,屏蔽了下伏泉四段扶余油层砂岩的反射能量,造成地震反射特征与实际钻遇砂岩应有的地震信息严重不符。为了恢复真实的地震反射振幅,采用地震子波分解与重构技术,消除上覆青一段厚砂岩强反射屏蔽作用,提高扶余油层砂岩储层的识别精度。结果表明:目的层地震反射相对振幅在纵向和横向上的能量分布更加均衡,分辨率得到明显提高,主频由20 Hz提高到26 Hz;基于新的地震处理数据,地震振幅属性预测的砂岩厚度与区内16口钻井实际钻遇砂岩厚度的相关性由原来的43.7%提高到81.25%,同时地震反演预测结果也得到了盲井验证。研究成果可为类似的地震反射异常地区的储层预测提供有效的解决方案。

松辽盆地古龙凹陷青山口组页岩油储层中有机质微孔特征

页岩油储层中的有机质一直是页岩油研究的重点。用电子背散射(HDBSD)详细地研究了松辽盆地古龙凹陷古龙页岩油储层中的有机质中的微孔,发现了古龙页岩油储层有机质中的微孔非常发育。有机质微孔可以分为4种类型:①结构镜质体微孔;②均质镜质体微孔;③沥青质体微孔;④有机黏土微孔。有机质微米孔的直径多在1μm到数微米,圆形、近圆形或不规则;研究还发现,古龙页岩油储层中的孔隙度与有机碳呈一定的正相关关系。对有机质中的微孔孔隙度进行了初步的定量分析,获得了平均值为22.39%;初步计算表明有机微孔对储层孔隙度总的贡献在0.44%左右(有机碳取2.0%)。有机质中的微米孔(包括其他微米孔)可以与更高一级的微缝和页理缝互相联结,构成了一个很好的空间连通网络系统,为松辽盆地古龙页岩油的有效开发奠定了物质基础。

大庆油田古龙页岩岩屑在幂律流体中的沉降阻力系数研究

大庆油田古龙页岩油开发大多采用长水平段水平井,但长水平段水平井钻井过程中,岩屑易在井筒内自由沉降而形成岩屑床,导致沉砂卡钻等井下故障,因此需要研究岩屑颗粒的沉降规律,优化钻井液性能及水力参数,确保井眼清洁。为此,利用可视化的试验装置和高速摄像机,系统记录了试验中颗粒在幂律流体中的沉降行为,获得了196组球形颗粒和224组不规则形状岩屑在幂律流体中自由沉降的试验数据。采用一种依赖于沉降颗粒受力平衡的力学模型对试验数据进行统计分析,建立了幂律流体中球形颗粒阻力系数预测模型。在此基础上,引入二维形状描述参数,建立了幂律流体中不规则形状岩屑阻力系数预测模型。该模型预测准确性较高,平均相对误差仅6.93%,能够满足钻井工程中预测岩屑沉降速度的需求。

沉积环境控制下的页岩岩相组合类型及测井表征:以松辽盆地古龙凹陷青山口组为例

松辽盆地古龙凹陷青山口组青一段和青二段底部(Q1~Q9)为典型的高有机碳含量的页岩,具有广阔的资源前景。岩相的划分和表征是页岩油气勘探开发的重要基础,如何快速准确识别岩相成为非常规油气储集层地质甜点研究的重点和难点。利用岩心、薄片、XRD和元素资料明确研究区地质特征,利用LithoScanner测井和成像测井切片实现单井纵向岩相的连续识别和划分。结果表明古龙页岩岩性主要为黏土质页岩、长英质页岩、介壳灰岩和云岩,多尺度纹层结构类型分为毫米级纹层状、厘米级层状和分米级块状。依据地质上可区分、测井上可识别的原则,将岩性和纹层结构耦合得到10类岩相。主要发育纹层状和层状黏土质页岩以及纹层状和层状长英质页岩,块状介壳灰岩和云岩多以薄夹层的形式出现在层间,块状页岩偶现。依据各小层内纵向上岩相叠置关系,岩相组合划分为5类,纹层状黏土质页岩与层状黏土质页岩互层的组合较为常见。青山口组整体处于气候湿润还原性较强的淡水湖盆的沉积环境,水体在Q7层达到最深而后逐渐变浅。在不同小层沉积环境有微弱变化,在各小层高水位时岩相主要类型为纹层状黏土质页岩,低水位时以层状长英质页岩为主。岩相类型的划分和快速识别为页岩油地质甜点和工程甜点的预测提供理论依据和指导,岩相组合类型的分类和发育模式为古龙页岩油富集机理的研究奠定基础。

松辽盆地古龙凹陷页岩油储层中的纳孔纳缝及其原位成藏理论初探

古龙凹陷青山口组页岩油的,地质资源量达151亿t,是重要后备的油气资源。用电子背散射(HDBSD)发现了古龙页岩油储层中纳米孔和纳米缝非常发育,电子探针表明这些纳孔纳缝均被沥青充填。纳米孔的直径多在10~50 nm,中位数在20~30 nm,形态多不规则,多呈多角形,主要是一种E-F纳孔,其次为E-E纳孔,多与纳米缝联结。纳缝宽度多在10~50 nm,中位数也在20~30 nm。它们主要是由黏土片(黏土域)的F-F凝聚形成的。黏土的凝聚与有机质密切相关。黏土胶体由于同晶置换会带负电荷,使得其周围会吸附带正电的金属阳离子,形成一个带正电的黏土团。这种带正电的黏土团又会吸附带负电的腐殖酸(有机质)和初步降解的藻,形成一个有机黏土絮凝体。这种有机黏土絮凝体进入生排烃门限后,由于生排烃有机质体积会收缩,体积收缩最高可达87%。生排出的烃会就近充填在这种收缩形成的孔隙中,又由于纳孔纳缝的毛细阻力(约12 MPa)等使得排出的烃无法运移出去便形成了古龙页岩油的特殊连续原位油藏。

松辽盆地齐家-古龙凹陷扶余油层油气成藏区带定量预测与评价

齐家-古龙凹陷扶余油层是松辽盆地后备接替储量的重要勘探目标之一,但其已有的油气成藏认识成果过于宏观,不能满足现阶段的精细勘探需求。为进一步优选勘探目标,以功能要素组合理论为依据,结合研究区的断层-岩性油气藏类型,综合分析断块类、岩性类油气藏的各项主控因素,选取烃源灶、沉积相、势能、区域盖层及断裂带5个因素作为成藏要素,并分别进行定量表征,计算综合控藏概率。结果表明:92%的油气藏分布在距离排烃中心小于30 km的范围内;50%以上的油气藏分布在水下分流河道;油气藏均分布在势指数小于0.8的区域内;40%的油气藏分布在厚度为70~80 m的区域盖层之下;油气藏均分布在距断裂小于1.6 km的区域内;齐家-古龙凹陷扶余油层存在3个Ⅰ类成藏区。统计表明,85%以上的已发现断层-岩性油气藏分布在Ⅰ类成藏区。研究成果可为齐家-古龙凹陷的深化勘探提供指导。

古龙凹陷姚一段致密油藏成藏主控因素及成藏模式

综合地震、地质、地球化学、生产测试等资料,在古龙凹陷姚一段致密油藏类型和分布规律研究的基础上,明确其成藏主控因素及成藏模式。结果表明:古龙凹陷姚一段发育5种致密油藏,由古龙向斜向周缘斜坡由砂岩透镜体油藏变为上倾尖灭岩性油藏、断层-岩性油藏和断块油藏,鼻状凸起顶部为断背斜油藏;致密油藏的形成受烃源岩及超压分布、圈闭类型、油源断裂和优质储集层联合控制,青一段湖相泥岩不仅是致密油藏的物质基础,其形成的异常高压是古龙向斜致密油充注的主要动力;大规模成藏前各类圈闭已形成,两侧高部位构造圈闭和构造-岩性圈闭是致密油运移指向区以及有利的聚集部位,主成藏期开启的反转期断层是致密油垂向运移的主要通道,分流河道优质储集层是致密油聚集的有利储集层;各构造单元成藏主控因素和模式存在差异,古龙向斜为“超压驱动、断层垂向输导、局部甜点富集”成藏模式,新站鼻凸为“超压+浮力接力驱动、断层垂向输导、有利圈闭聚集”成藏模式,新肇斜坡为“超压+浮力联合驱替、断-砂接力运移、有利储集层聚集”成藏模式。

超压泥岩盖层封闭性演化规律及其研究意义

为了研究超压泥岩盖层封闭性演化规律,在超压形成与演化分析的基础上,通过超压演化规律的定量研究,对超压泥岩盖层封闭性演化规律进行了定量研究,结果表明超压泥岩盖层封闭性演化是按阶段进行的,每一次超压释放表明上一次封闭性演化阶段的结束,下一次封闭性演化阶段的开始,每一次演化过程中封闭性逐渐增强,在超压释放期封闭性降至最低点。研究超压泥岩盖层封闭性演化规律不仅可以准确评价目前封闭能力和预测封闭能力演化,而且还可以研究封闭油气的有效性。实例应用结果表明,古龙凹陷嫩一、二段超压泥岩盖层目前已刚刚结束第3阶段演化,开始第4阶段演化,具6.0 MPa的超压。随着演化进行,超压值将继续增大,封闭性继续增强。嫩一、二段超压盖层封闭性演化史与青山口组源岩生烃史匹配关系较好,可封闭住青山口组源岩生成的大量油气,有利于青山口组源岩生成的油气在萨、葡、高油层中聚集和保存。

松辽盆地古龙南凹陷葡萄花油层储层单砂层沉积微相研究及有利砂体预测

根据研究区单井沉积微相、单砂层的厚度、砂地比等空间分布特征,研究其沉积微相空间展布规律。古龙南凹陷葡萄花油层储层发育水下分流河道、分流河道间、河口坝、前缘席状砂、前三角洲泥和浅湖泥沉积微相,物源主要来自于北部和西部。研究区河口坝发育较少,前缘席状砂分布宽阔,为典型的浅水三角洲沉积。从下向上,湖平面下降,各砂层砂岩的厚度、粒度均有增加的趋势,形成了进积式地层序列。且从下向上三角洲前缘席状砂分布范围扩大,席状砂体形状由下部的东西向条带状向上转化为大面积席状,判定其物源早期以北部物源为主,晚期以西部物源为主。凹陷中心早期条带状砂层及晚期片状大型透镜体砂层为有利砂体。