The nose and the oral cavities are the main sites for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)entry into the body.Smell and taste deficits are the most common acute viral manifestations.Persistent s...The nose and the oral cavities are the main sites for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)entry into the body.Smell and taste deficits are the most common acute viral manifestations.Persistent smell disorders are the most common and bothersome complications after SARS-CoV-2 infection,lasting for months to years.The mechanisms and treatment of persistent post-coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)smell and taste disorders are still challenges.Information sources for the review are PubMed,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Ovid Medline,Embase,Scopus,Web of Science,International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature,Elton Bryson Stephens Company,Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care,Cooperation in Science and Technology,International Clinical Trials Registry Platform,World Health Organization,Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry,and MediFind.This review summarizes the up-to-date information about the prevalence,patterns at onset,and prognoses of post-COVID-19 smell and taste disorders,evidence for the neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 and the overlap between SARSCoV-1,Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus,and SARS-CoV-2 in structure,molecular biology,mode of replication,and host pathogenicity,the suggested cellular and molecular mechanisms for these post-COVID19 chemosensory disorders,and the applied pharmacotherapies and interventions as trials to treat these disorders,and the recommendations for future research to improve understanding of predictors and mechanisms of these disorders.These are crucial for hopeful proper treatment strategies.展开更多
Objective To investigate the gustatory neural response of the neurons to five basic taste stimuli in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN). Methods Evoked responses from PBN taste neurons to tastants were recorded using st...Objective To investigate the gustatory neural response of the neurons to five basic taste stimuli in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN). Methods Evoked responses from PBN taste neurons to tastants were recorded using standard extracellular microelectrode technique. Results 46 taste neurons were recorded in PBN, and most of them were broadly responsive. On the basis of their most effective taste stimuli, these taste neurons were classified into five types. Those are NaCl-, HCl-, quinine-, sucrose-, and monosodium glutamate (MSG)-best neurons. Except for the quinine-best neurons, the responses of each best-stimulus category to its best stimulus were significantly stronger than those of others (P<0.01). The results of correlation analysis showed that the correlations between sucrose and each of the other 4 tastants were smaller than those among others. Conclusion The results suggest that PBN taste neurons probably play an important role in discriminating for hedonic taste.展开更多
Introduction: Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome (MGJWS) is a rare congenital disorder belonging to the synkinetic eye movement group of disorders observed in children. It occurrence in adults and patients with diabetes...Introduction: Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome (MGJWS) is a rare congenital disorder belonging to the synkinetic eye movement group of disorders observed in children. It occurrence in adults and patients with diabetes has not been reported. Material and Methods: A 64 year man with poorly controlled diabetes of 18 years presented with 3 month history of jaw winking on the left side along with gustatory sweating, which was managed conservatively. There was spontaneous improvement in jaw wink at 4 months of follow up. Conclusions: Acquired causes of MGJWS are not known. This is probably the first report of this syndrome occurring at such a late age. Long standing poorly controlled diabetes may have had some role in the development of jaw winking in this patient.展开更多
The insect gustatory system participates in identifying potential food sources and avoiding toxic compounds.During this process,gustatory receptors(GRs)recognize feeding stimulant and deterrent compounds.However,the G...The insect gustatory system participates in identifying potential food sources and avoiding toxic compounds.During this process,gustatory receptors(GRs)recognize feeding stimulant and deterrent compounds.However,the GRs involved in recognizing stimulant and deterrent compounds in the red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta,remain unknown.Therefore,we conducted a study on the genes SinvGR1,SinvGR32b,and SinvGR28a to investigate the roles of GRs in detecting feeding stimulant and deterrent compounds.In this current study,we found that sucrose and fructose are feeding stimulants and the bitter compound quinine is a feeding deterrent.The fire ant workers showed significant behavior changes to avoid the bitter taste in feeding stimulant compounds.Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results from developmental stages showed that the SinvGR1,SinvGR32b,and SinvGR28a genes were highly expressed in fire ant workers.Tissue-specific expression profiles indicated that SinvGR1,SinvGR32b,and SinvGR28a were specifically expressed in the antennae and foreleg tarsi of workers,whereas SinvGR32b gene transcripts were also highly accumulated in the male antennae.Furthermore,the silencing of SinvGRI or SinvGR32b alone and the co-silencing of both genes disrupted worker stimulation and feeding on sucrose and fructose.The results also showed that SinvGR28a is required for avoiding quinine,as workers with knockdown of the SinvGR28a gene failed to avoid and fed on quinine.This study first identified stimulant and deterrent compounds of fire ant workers and then the GRs involved in the taste recognition of these compounds.This study could provide potential target gustatory genes for the control of the fire ant.展开更多
Insects possess two kinds of chemical sensory organ,olfactory organ and gustatory organ,by which they can perceive chemical cues in the circumstance and subsequently make a series of corresponding behavioral responses...Insects possess two kinds of chemical sensory organ,olfactory organ and gustatory organ,by which they can perceive chemical cues in the circumstance and subsequently make a series of corresponding behavioral responses.From perceiving chemical cues to making behavioral responses,it involves in information coding,proceeding and integration to chemical cues at various level in insect nerve system.New pest control methods will be developed with the elucidation of insect chemical sensory mechanisms.展开更多
文摘The nose and the oral cavities are the main sites for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)entry into the body.Smell and taste deficits are the most common acute viral manifestations.Persistent smell disorders are the most common and bothersome complications after SARS-CoV-2 infection,lasting for months to years.The mechanisms and treatment of persistent post-coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)smell and taste disorders are still challenges.Information sources for the review are PubMed,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Ovid Medline,Embase,Scopus,Web of Science,International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature,Elton Bryson Stephens Company,Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care,Cooperation in Science and Technology,International Clinical Trials Registry Platform,World Health Organization,Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry,and MediFind.This review summarizes the up-to-date information about the prevalence,patterns at onset,and prognoses of post-COVID-19 smell and taste disorders,evidence for the neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 and the overlap between SARSCoV-1,Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus,and SARS-CoV-2 in structure,molecular biology,mode of replication,and host pathogenicity,the suggested cellular and molecular mechanisms for these post-COVID19 chemosensory disorders,and the applied pharmacotherapies and interventions as trials to treat these disorders,and the recommendations for future research to improve understanding of predictors and mechanisms of these disorders.These are crucial for hopeful proper treatment strategies.
基金ThisresearchwassupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .39870 2 71)
文摘Objective To investigate the gustatory neural response of the neurons to five basic taste stimuli in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN). Methods Evoked responses from PBN taste neurons to tastants were recorded using standard extracellular microelectrode technique. Results 46 taste neurons were recorded in PBN, and most of them were broadly responsive. On the basis of their most effective taste stimuli, these taste neurons were classified into five types. Those are NaCl-, HCl-, quinine-, sucrose-, and monosodium glutamate (MSG)-best neurons. Except for the quinine-best neurons, the responses of each best-stimulus category to its best stimulus were significantly stronger than those of others (P<0.01). The results of correlation analysis showed that the correlations between sucrose and each of the other 4 tastants were smaller than those among others. Conclusion The results suggest that PBN taste neurons probably play an important role in discriminating for hedonic taste.
文摘Introduction: Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome (MGJWS) is a rare congenital disorder belonging to the synkinetic eye movement group of disorders observed in children. It occurrence in adults and patients with diabetes has not been reported. Material and Methods: A 64 year man with poorly controlled diabetes of 18 years presented with 3 month history of jaw winking on the left side along with gustatory sweating, which was managed conservatively. There was spontaneous improvement in jaw wink at 4 months of follow up. Conclusions: Acquired causes of MGJWS are not known. This is probably the first report of this syndrome occurring at such a late age. Long standing poorly controlled diabetes may have had some role in the development of jaw winking in this patient.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1000500)the Foundation of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(R2023PY-JX010)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515012445).
文摘The insect gustatory system participates in identifying potential food sources and avoiding toxic compounds.During this process,gustatory receptors(GRs)recognize feeding stimulant and deterrent compounds.However,the GRs involved in recognizing stimulant and deterrent compounds in the red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta,remain unknown.Therefore,we conducted a study on the genes SinvGR1,SinvGR32b,and SinvGR28a to investigate the roles of GRs in detecting feeding stimulant and deterrent compounds.In this current study,we found that sucrose and fructose are feeding stimulants and the bitter compound quinine is a feeding deterrent.The fire ant workers showed significant behavior changes to avoid the bitter taste in feeding stimulant compounds.Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results from developmental stages showed that the SinvGR1,SinvGR32b,and SinvGR28a genes were highly expressed in fire ant workers.Tissue-specific expression profiles indicated that SinvGR1,SinvGR32b,and SinvGR28a were specifically expressed in the antennae and foreleg tarsi of workers,whereas SinvGR32b gene transcripts were also highly accumulated in the male antennae.Furthermore,the silencing of SinvGRI or SinvGR32b alone and the co-silencing of both genes disrupted worker stimulation and feeding on sucrose and fructose.The results also showed that SinvGR28a is required for avoiding quinine,as workers with knockdown of the SinvGR28a gene failed to avoid and fed on quinine.This study first identified stimulant and deterrent compounds of fire ant workers and then the GRs involved in the taste recognition of these compounds.This study could provide potential target gustatory genes for the control of the fire ant.
文摘Insects possess two kinds of chemical sensory organ,olfactory organ and gustatory organ,by which they can perceive chemical cues in the circumstance and subsequently make a series of corresponding behavioral responses.From perceiving chemical cues to making behavioral responses,it involves in information coding,proceeding and integration to chemical cues at various level in insect nerve system.New pest control methods will be developed with the elucidation of insect chemical sensory mechanisms.
