The Impact of Patient Education on the Nursing Care of Perioperative Patients in the Interventional Catheterization Room

Objective:To explore and analyze the effect of implementing a precise education model on the nursing care of perioperative patients in the interventional catheterization room.Methods:We selected 70 patients who were going to undergo surgical intervention in our hospital from August 2020 to December 2022 as the subjects for this study through random sampling.The patients were divided into a control group and an observation group,with 35 cases in each group.The control group underwent basic nursing intervention,and the observation group was given precise patient education.The nursing effects of both groups were observed.Results:After the intervention,all compliance indicators of the observation group were better than those of the control group(P<0.05).Besides,the incidence of complications in the observation group(2.86%)was lower than that of the control group(17.14%)with P<0.05.Furthermore,the patient satisfaction of the observation group(97.14%)was higher than that of the control group(82.86%),with P<0.05.Conclusion:A precise propaganda and education model facilitates the nursing of perioperative patients in the interventional catheterization room.Therefore,this practice should be popularized.

Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Maintaining Perioperative Hemodynamic Stability in Elderly Patients:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objective Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist with sedative and analgesic properties but without respiratory depression effect and has been widely used in perioperative anesthesia.Here we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on maintaining perioperative hemodynamic stability in elderly patients.Methods PubMed,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and Wanfang Data were searched for randomized-controlled trials(RCTs)on the application of dexmedetomidine in maintaining perioperative hemodynamic stability in elderly patients from their inception to September,2021.The standardized mean differences(SMD)with 95%confidence interval(CI)were employed to analyze the data.The random-effect model was used for the potential clinical inconsistency.Results A total of 12 RCTs with 833 elderly patients(dexmedetomidine group,546 patients;control group,287 patients)were included.There was no significant increase in perioperative heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)in the dexmedetomidine group before and during the operation.In addition,the variations of hemodynamic indexes including HR,MAP,SBP(systolic blood pressure),and DBP were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the control group(HR:SMD=-0.87,95%CI:-1.13 to-0.62;MAP:SMD=-1.12,95%CI:-1.60 to-0.63;SBP:SMD=-1.27,95%CI:-2.26 to-0.27;DBP:SMD=-0.96,95%CI:-1.33 to-0.59).Subgroup analysis found that with the prolongation of 1.0μg/kg dexmedetomidine infusion,the patient’s heart rate declined in a time-dependent way.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine provides more stable hemodynamics during perioperative period in elderly patients.However,further well-conducted trials are required to assess the effective and safer doses of dexmedetomidine in elderly patients.

Clinical Significance of Preoperative Nutritional Risk Screening and Support in the Perioperative Period of Gastric Cancer Patients

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of using preoperative nutritional risk screening and support in gastric cancer patients.Methods:In this paper,70 gastric cancer patients selected from July 2017 to July 2020 treated in our hospital were grouped concerning the lottery method,and the reference group(n=35)used conventional nutritional support,while the experimental group(n=35)used preoperative dietary risk screening and support,comparing the clinical treatment differences between gastric cancer patients in the experimental group and the reference group.Results:After the intervention,IgA,IgM,IgG,serum albumin,complication rate,NRS score,hospitalization time and anal exhaust time of gastric cancer patients in the experimental group were compared with those in the reference group,P<0.05,and there was statistical validation analysis significance between the data indicators.P<0.05 for the comparison of IgA,IgM,IgG,serum albumin after the intervention and pre-intervention for gastric cancer patients in the experimental group and the reference group,with statistical validation analysis significance between the data indicators.Conclusion:Preoperative nutritional risk screening and support is of significant value in gastric cancer patients and can improve patients’nutritional status.

Predictive value of initial procalcitonin level in perioperative period of critically ill cancer patients

The predictive value of the initial procalcitonin(PCT)level was explored in the perioperative peniod of citically ill cancer patients.Background:It is quite important to predict infections in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).Cancer surgery is characterized by large trauma,long duration,and wide operation scope;and there are many inflammatory factors in the tumor.Common manifestations of systermic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)。such as fever,elevated white blood cells,and elevated infammatory indicators,frequently occur in patients during the penioperative period as a result of the above factors.These factors are diverse and complex;additionally,advanced cancer and the trauma of major surgery are important factors that influence PCT blood levels.Because all of the aforementioned factors make it dificult to distinguish the postoperative inflammatory response fom the true infection in clinical practice,conventional methods cannot prediet disease sevenity or disease course.Methods:A total of 53 patients with endotracheal intubation admitted to the ICU of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 2020 to May 2020,were retrospectively selected.According to the patient source,35 cases were assigned to ORIG(Operating Room to ICU Group),and 18 cases were assigned to General Ward to ICU group(GWO).At the ICU admission,the patient's age,sex,surgical site of tumor,reason for ICU and other data were recorded to form a database;PCT,B-type natiuretic peptide(BNP),high sensitivity toponin I(hsTni),serumn creatinine(Cr),serum cystatin C(Cys-c)and other laboratory indicators were detected;scores of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)and sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)were marked 24 h after ICU admission;Proportion of Antibiotics,Time Antibiotic Application,and Time Indicators(Ventilator support Time,Endotracheal Intubation Time,ICU Stay Time)were recorded during the period from ICU admission to ICU discharge.Results:APAHCE Ⅱ score and SOFA score increased significantly in the GWIG,compared with the ORIG,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01);the GWIG had a significantly longer Time Antibiotic Application than the ORIG,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01);in tems of blood indicators,the PCT,BNP,and hsTNi levels were elevated in the GWIG compared with the ORIG,and the differences were statistically significant(p<0.01);no statistical differences were found in Cr and Cys-C levels(P>0.05).In terms of time indicators,the Ventilator support Time,Endotracheal Intubation Time,and ICU Stay Time were prolonged in the GWIG compared with the ORIG,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.01).The PCT level was statistically signifcant(P<0.01)when correlated with the Ventilator Supporting Time and Endotracheal Intubation Time;however,the PCT level was negatively correlated with the ICU Stay Time,with a small r(correlation cofficient)value and no statistical significance(P>0.05)when correlated with the ICU Stay Time.Conclusion:The initial PCT level can predict the disease severity in critically ill cancer patients treated with mechanical ventilation during the perioperative period.

Clinical Application and Research Progress of Accelerated Rehabilitation Surgery in Perioperative Period of Advanced Gastric Cancer in the Elderly

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) has been used in various surgical professions in recent years and is widely accepted by doctors. This concept not only helps patients speed up postoperative recovery, reduce the incidence of related complications and shorten hospital stays, but also has been proved to be effective and safe in the perioperative application of gastric cancer. This article reviews the clinical application and research progress of enhanced recovery after surgery in the perioperative period of advanced gastric cancer in the elderly.

Effect of fast-track surgery in gynecological laparoscopy:a randomized controlled trial

Objective:To evaluate the value of fast-track surgery(FTS)in gynecological laparoscopy during the perioperative period.Methods:The clinical data of 234 patients who underwent gynecological laparoscopy from January to December in 2018 were collected.Of note,117 patients received a routine nursing method(control group),and 117 patients received the FTS nursing method(observation group).Results:Compared with the control group,FTS group had a quicker postoperative bowel function recovery,earlier to get out of bed,and a lower anxiety level(P<0.05);The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting of two groups had no statistical difference.Conclusions:The application of FTS in gynecological laparoscopy is safe,effective,and worth promoting.

揿针疗法联合ERAS在妇科腹腔镜围手术期应用研究

目的:探讨揿针疗法联合加速康复外科(ERAS)在妇科腹腔镜围手术期应用效果。方法:选取江西省妇幼保健院2022年1月—2023年1月收治的腹腔镜手术患者85例作为研究对象。采用前瞻性随机对照分组原则,将患者分为对照组(42例)和观察组(43例)。对照组采用ERAS干预,此基础上,观察组采用揿针疗法干预。比较两组临床相关康复指标,术后并发症发生情况,术后疼痛程度视觉模拟评分法(VAS)及术后胃肠功能障碍(POGD)评分。结果:观察组术后首次下床时间为(16.25±3.03)h、肛门排气时间为(11.88±2.56)h、拔除尿管时间为(13.67±3.15)h,均短于对照组的(19.74±3.54)、(14.05±2.87)、(19.25±3.81)h,留置引流管时间为(1.41±0.29)d、住院时间为(5.41±1.09)d,均短于对照组的(1.65±0.32)、(7.02±1.24)d(P<0.05)。观察组术后恶心、呕吐、肠胀气、尿潴留等并发症发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后6、12、24 h,VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后2、6、12、24 h,两组的VAS评分的时间效应、组间效应及交互效应,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后24 h POGD评分低于对照组(P<0.05);两组出院时POGD评分均低于术后24 h(P<0.05);两组出院时POGD评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:揿针疗法联合ERAS可减轻妇科腹腔镜手术患者术后疼痛及胃肠功能障碍,加速术后康复,缩短住院时间,对妇科良性疾病患者围手术期康复具有重要应用价值。

河北省心血管外科围手术期用血现状的多中心回顾性研究

目的分析心血管外科围手术期用血现状及异体输血的影响因素,为围手术期血液管理提供参考。方法选取2019年-2020年河北省102家医院共772例主动脉瓣置换术(AVR)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者的临床资料,比较围手术期关键指标、不同血液成分、不同等级医院输血率和输血量的差异,并采用多元线性逐步回归模型分析围手术期异体输血的影响因素。结果2019年-2020年,河北省医院AVR患者异体输血率分别为93.3%和100.0%,CABG患者异体输血率分别为89.4%和90.2%,异体输血率普遍较高。输血概率与医院等级相关,围手术期出血量、手术时长等是影响输血总需求的主要风险因素。结论河北省各医院应建立多学科协同血液管理模式,实施患者血液管理策略,积极推进自体输血技术应用,改良手术方式;相关管理部门应开展临床用血评价与公示,促进各医院严格落实临床用血审核制度,为患者制订合理、科学的输血方案,以降低出血量和异体输血率,进而保障输血安全。

围手术期患者院内转运护理质量评价指标的构建

目的构建围手术期患者院内转运护理质量评价指标,为评价与监测围手术期患者院内转运护理质量提供评价工具。方法基于结构-过程-结果三维结构质量模型,通过文献回顾法、半结构式访谈法形成指标初稿,采用德尔菲专家函询法和层次分析法,筛选指标并确定各级指标的权重。结果2轮专家函询问卷有效回收率为88.89%、100%,专家权威程度系数为0.928、0.931,专家意见的肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.275、0.314(均P<0.05)。形成的评价指标包括3项一级指标,11项二级指标和57项三级指标。结论构建的围手术期患者院内转运护理质量评价指标内容全面、具备可靠性和实用性,经验证后可作为围手术期患者院内转运护理质量的评价工具。

泌尿科围手术期老年患者衰弱的临床评估与应用的研究进展

衰弱是一类与患者年龄相关的复杂临床状态,以多器官系统的生理机能下降导致机体对应激源耐受性降低为特征。衰弱评估与老年患者围手术期的安全性之间的关系已引起普遍重视。本文对泌尿外科围手术期老年患者衰弱评估及其应用的研究进展进行综述。

妇科恶性肿瘤患者围手术期下肢深静脉血栓预防及管理的循证护理实践

目的基于最佳证据制定妇科恶性肿瘤患者围手术期下肢深静脉血栓预防及管理的循证实践方案,并评价其在临床应用的有效性和安全性。方法成立循证实践项目小组,通过循证获取妇科恶性肿瘤患者围手术期下肢深静脉血栓预防及管理的最佳证据并进行应用。通过查看病志和现场查看等方式收集资料,在证据应用前后分别对两组患者及医护人员进行基线调查和两轮审查,并对证据应用进行障碍因素分析,制订针对性的改进措施。结果共形成19条质量审查指标,证据应用前后深静脉血栓发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);证据应用前后妇科恶性肿瘤患者围手术期早期活动锻炼、自我监测及术后注意事项3个维度依从性的得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);证据应用前后医护人员各审查指标执行率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论基于最佳证据制定的妇科恶性肿瘤患者围手术期下肢深静脉血栓预防及管理的循证实践方案,可规范科室下肢深静脉血栓预防管理流程,提高患者早期下床活动的依从性,提高医护人员对证据的执行率。

听神经瘤患者围手术期前庭康复训练的循证研究

目的检索、评价和汇总听神经瘤患者围手术期行前庭康复训练的相关证据。方法通过循证问题确立、系统文献检索、文献筛选、文献质量评价、证据总结及等级评定等步骤提出实践建议。结果共纳入8篇文献,包括指南2篇、系统评价2篇、随机对照研究3篇、类实验研究1篇,筛选出17条证据,分为影响因素、康复原则、干预时机及方法、效果评估等4个方面。结论本研究科学严谨,所得证据能较好地为听神经瘤患者围手术期行前庭康复提供依据。实践时需早期识别影响因素、制定个性化康复方案、选择合适的评估工具。此外,康复训练的剂量、时机及效果评估需开展更多高质量研究。

成人术前咀嚼口香糖的研究进展

综述咀嚼口香糖在成人择期手术前的应用现状,包括咀嚼口香糖的作用原理、在成人术前临床中的应用效果及安全性,以期未来能作为科学有效的护理干预方式广泛应用于临床。

针对性心理护理在老年肱骨骨折手术患者中的应用效果及对负面情绪的影响

目的 分析针对性心理护理在老年肱骨骨折手术患者中的应用效果。方法 将我院2020年1月至12月收治的120例老年肱骨骨折手术患者以随机数字表法分为常规组(n=60,常规围术期护理)和观察组(n=60,常规围术期护理+针对性心理护理)。比较两组的护理效果。结果 观察组的治疗总有效率显著高于常规组(P<0.05)。护理后,观察组的汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)及视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分均显著低于常规组(P<0.05)。护理后,观察组的β-内啡肽(β-EP)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)水平均显著低于常规组,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平显著高于常规组(P<0.05)。结论 针对性心理护理可有效保障老年肱骨骨折手术患者的手术效果,减轻其负面情绪和术后疼痛,提升睡眠质量。

影响老年髋部骨折患者围术期异体红细胞输血的相关因素分析

目的分析影响老年髋部骨折患者围术期异体红细胞输血的相关因素以期实现针对性干预措施的制定和实施以降低围术期异体红细胞输注率和保证用血安全。方法选取2021年8月至2022年8月入住骨科的老年髋部骨折患者200例,根据是否进行异体红细胞输血分为输血组(n=96)和非输血组(n=104),收集患者术前、术中和术后等围术期临床资料,比较2组患者术后发生并发症的情况及围术期各资料的差异并分析独立影响因素。结果200例老年髋部骨折患者中行围术期异体红细胞输血96例,未进行异体红细胞输血104例,围术期异体红细胞输血率为48.00%(96/200)。输血组术后发生感染性、心脑血管、应激性溃疡和血栓情况高于非输血组,2组患者术后并发症总发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、骨折类型、服用抗血小板聚集药物、入院时Hb、HCT、ALB、Cr、ASA麻醉分级、麻醉类型、手术方式、手术持续时间、术中失血量、术后引流管放置情况、术后Hb和异体红细胞输注量比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析模型发现:高龄、低BMI、股骨粗隆间骨折、入院时低血清血红蛋白(Hb)、低红细胞比容(HCT)、低白蛋白(ALB)、高血肌酐(Cr)、ASA麻醉分级≥Ⅲ级、全身麻醉、手术持续时间长、术中失血量大和术后放置引流管是老年髋部骨折患者围术期异体红细胞输血的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。根据多因素Logistic回归分析得出的结果构建的老年髋部骨折患者围术期异体红细胞输血预测模型全局性Omnibus检验有统计学意义(P<0.001);进一步进行拟合优度Hosmer and Lemeshow检验(χ^(2)=9154,P=0.226),表明模型具有较好的拟合度。绘制ROC曲线预测围术期异体红细胞输血的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.851,灵敏度为79.50%,特异度为80.50%。结论老年髋部骨折患者围术期异体红细胞输血受高龄、低BMI、股骨粗隆间骨折、入院时低Hb、低HCT、低ALB、高Cr、ASA麻醉分级≥Ⅲ级、全身麻醉、手术持续时间长、术中失血量大和术后放置引流管等多种因素影响,构建输血预测模型有助于输血方案的个体化制定。

围术期3M患者升温系统在剖宫产术中的应用

目的探讨围术期剖宫产患者发生低体温状态的原因,从而采取针对性体温保护措施。方法80例行剖宫产患者,随机分成对照组(M)和试验组(N)。对照组采取常规保温措施,试验组采取3M患者升温系统加强保温。比较两组患者不同时间的核心温度、体表温度及围术期低体温、寒颤发生率。结果入室前、麻醉前及术后第2小时,两组患者核心温度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);麻醉后、手术第1小时、手术第2小时、术后第1小时,试验组患者核心温度分别为(36.16±0.35)、(36.24±0.38)、(36.37±0.44)、(36.43±0.46)℃,高于对照组的(35.43±0.55)、(35.51±0.58)、(35.58±0.67)、(35.67±0.57)℃,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。入室前、麻醉前及术后第1、2小时,两组患者体表温度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);麻醉后、手术第1小时、手术第2小时,试验组患者体表温度分别为(34.63±0.56)、(34.55±0.58)、(34.49±0.64)℃,高于对照组的(33.83±0.59)、(33.76±0.71)、(33.60±0.67)℃,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者低体温、寒颤发生率分别为12.5%、5.0%,低于对照组的52.5%、27.5%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论围术期剖宫产患者加强体温监测,同时采取3M患者升温系统进行体温保护,对防范低体温、寒颤并发症的发生有积极作用,对提高患者舒适化医疗也有临床价值。

“互联网+”术前访视在择期妇科手术患者围手术期中的应用

目的探讨基于“互联网+”的术前访视在择期妇科手术患者围手术期中的应用效果,以期为择期妇科手术患者护理干预提供参考。方法选取2022年1—3月广东省佛山市顺德区第五人民医院收治的300例择期行手术治疗的妇科患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组150例。对照组患者采用常规术前访视干预,研究组患者在对照组基础上采用“互联网+”术前访视干预。比较2组患者围手术期指标、心理状态、术后疼痛程度、自我护理能力、自我效能感水平及护理依从性等。结果2组患者干预前汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患者干预后HAMA评分均低于干预前,且研究组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者第1次排气时间、住院时间均短于对照组,术后VAS评分低于对照组,匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者干预前自我护理能力量表(ESCA)及一般自我效能感量表(GSES)评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患者干预后ESCA及GSES评分均高于干预前,且研究组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者的护理依从率为92.67%(139/150),高于对照组的82.00%(123/150),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.714,P=0.005)。研究组患者的护理满意度为96.67%(145/150),高于对照组的90.67%(136/150),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.551,P=0.033)。结论基于“互联网+”的术前访视应用于妇科疾病择期手术患者,有助于改善患者心理状态,提高患者自我护理能力,及时准确掌握疾病术后恢复相关知识,缓解术后疼痛,缩短住院时间,提高睡眠质量,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。

老年患者麻醉术前评估的研究进展

随着全球人口老龄化的趋势日益明显,老年人对手术和围手术期护理的需求正在急剧增加。因此,优化老年患者的麻醉管理策略,以减少手术并发症和改善长期预后,变得尤为重要。本文旨在全面审视老年患者术前评估,以系统解决这一特殊人群在手术过程中可能面临的多种挑战,为临床提供依据。

妇科恶性肿瘤术后抗凝药物应用合理性评价

目的调查妇科恶性肿瘤患者术后使用抗凝药物预防静脉血栓栓塞症的现状,评价其用药合理性。方法采用回顾性研究方法,收集统计2021年1~12月某三甲综合医院妇科收治的270例恶性肿瘤手术患者的基本资料、Caprini风险评估量表、VT E预防措施、抗凝药物使用情况等,依据合理性评价标准来评价抗凝药物应用的合理性。结果270例妇科恶性肿瘤手术患者中221例患者使用抗凝药物预防术后VTE的发生,总预防用药率81.85%;依据合理性评价标准对221例抗凝药物使用情况进行合理性分析,210例存在不合理用药情况,不合理率为95.02%。不合理问题共计596例次,主要表现为用药剂量偏大185例次(31.04%)、用药时机不当206例次(34.56%)、用药疗程不足205例次(34.40%)。结论妇科恶性肿瘤患者使用抗凝药物预防术后VTE发生存在许多不合理情况,依据合适的风险评估模型预估VTE发生风险,积极采取恰当的抗凝预防措施十分必要。

基于ERAS理念探讨妇科肿瘤围手术期中医药治疗

加速康复外科以循证医学为证据,优化并改进治疗措施,减少手术创伤,改善围手术期应激反应,以加快术后康复。中医药防治妇科肿瘤,对不同肿瘤治疗阶段采取相应干预措施,其指导思想与加速康复外科理念高度契合。文章基于加速康复外科理念从术前、术中、术后三个时间段探讨中医药治疗在妇科肿瘤围手术期的应用,为其临床应用推广提供科学的理论依据。