Occurrence and conceptual sedimentary model of Cambrian gypsum-bearing evaporites in the Sichuan Basin, SW China

During the Cambrian, gypsum-bearing evaporites formed in the Sichuan Basin, SW China. These rocks are important for oil and gas sealing, but details of their distribution and origin are not well established. This study examines the regional distribution and origin of the gypsum-bearing evaporites using a comprehensive analysis of drilling data from 34 wells, 5 measured cross-sections in the basin and surrounding area, and 96 maps of area-survey data. Results show that in the stratigraphic succession, the gypsum-bearing evaporites occur mainly in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation, the Middle Cambrian Douposi Formation, and the Middle-Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Group. Geographically, the rocks are found mainly in the southeastern part of the basin, and the distribution of deposits shows an overall SW-NE trend. The sedimentary environments for evaporite formation were evaporative lagoon and inter-platform basin in a platform setting. Gypsum was generated by the underwater concentration of sea water in a strongly evaporative environment. Both an evaporative restricted platform and a mixeddeposition restricted platform model appear to be applicable to the development of gypsum in the Sichuan Basin. The gypsum-bearing evaporites with the best sealing capacity are located mostly in the southeastern part of the basin. These constraints can be applied directly to regional exploration, and have implications for the regional paleogeography and paleoclimate.

Sedimentary Conditions of Evaporites in the Late Jurassic Xiali Formation,Qiangtang Basin：Evidence from Geochemistry Records

The Qiangtang Basin（QB）, located in the central Tibetan Plateau, is a Jurassic marine basin and one of the most important prospective salt resource belts in China. In recent decades, many outcrops of gypsiferous bed have been found in the Jurassic marine strata in the basin. Salt springs with abnormally high sodium（Na-＋） contents had been identified in the Late Jurassic Xiali Formation（Fm.） in the basin in the last years. However, to date, no potash or halite deposits have been identified in the QB. Gypsum outcrops and salt springs are very important signs in the investigation of halite and potash deposits. Therefore, the Xiali Fm. is a potentially valuable layer to evaluate for the possible presence of halite and potash deposits in the basin. However, few studies have explored the formation conditions of evaporites in the unit. Here, we present detailed geochemical records from the Yanshiping section related to the study of the formation conditions of evaporites in the Xiali Fm. of the QB. Climate proxies based on the obviously increased anion concentrations of SO4（2-） and Cl-- and the significant correlation coefficients of Ca2＋-SO42-（R = 0.985） and Na-＋-Cl--（R = 0.8974） reveal that the upper member of the Xiali Fm.（the upper Xiali Fm.） formed under an arid climate and evolved into the sulfate phase or early chloride phase. Provenance proxies based on the obviously increased K-＋ and Na-＋ ion concentrations and the significant correlation coefficient of Na-＋-Cl--（R = 0.8974） suggest that the upper Xiali Fm. featured optimal provenance conditions for the possible formation of halite deposits. The regression and the semi-closed tidal flat environment in the upper Xiali Fm. were favorable for the formation of potash and halite deposits. The low Mg-（2＋） /Ca-（2＋） values（mean value = 1.82） and significant Na-＋-Cl-- correlation coefficient（R = 0.8974） also suggest that the upper Xiali Fm. is the layer most likely to contain potential halite deposits. In addition, the macroscopic correlations of tectonism, provenance, paleoclimate, saliferous strata and sedimentary environment between the QB and the adjoining Amu Darya Basin in Central Asia reveal that the two basins shared similar geologic settings that were favorable for the formation of evaporites during the Late Jurassic. Therefore, the upper Xiali Fm. is a valuable layer to explore for halite deposit and may be potentially valuable in the future exploration for potash deposits in the QB.

Interactions of Copper, Evaporite, and Organic Matter and Genesis of Sandstone-Hosted Copper Deposits in the Chuxiong Basin, Yunnan Province

Studies on organic geochemistry indicate that the origin, type and maturity of organic matter are different among coal-bearing, copper-bearing and evaporite formations in the Mesozoic continental Chuxiong Basin, Yunnan, China. A mechanism has been proposed that (1) during the diagenetic mineralization stage the short-chain organic acids dervied from kerogen played an important role in remobilizing copper from source beds, while oils acted as important carrier of copper, and that (2) during the transformation or remolding mineralization stage, meteoric water leached the evaporite layers and formed downward-percolating oxidizing SO42-rich fluids; meanwhile, the copper-bearing fluids migrating upwards along growth faults from the basement was contaminated by the coal-bearing series on the way and formed reducing organic-rich fluids; oxidation-reduction occurred and sulfides formed when the two kinds of fluids met within sandstones.

Connections between Evaporite Deposition and Glacial Periods since the Middle Pleistocene in Salt Lakes in the Western Qaidam Basin, China

The Quaternary was the main evaporite deposition period in the Qaidam Basin(QB), but the correlation between the evaporite deposition period and the glacial period is still unclear. In this study, the research objects are primarily evaporite-bearing strata in a 461.58 m-long drill core in the QB. X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were applied to study the evaporite minerals, U-Th dating being applied to construct the ~(230)Th geochronological framework. Evaporite deposition from Marine Isotope Stage(MIS) 15 to MIS 4 in the borehole was reconstructed via mineralogical and geochronological data. The evaporite minerals are mainly halite(NaCl), mirabilite(Na_(2)SO_(4)·10H_(2)O), thenardite(Na_(2)SO_(4)) and gypsum(CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O). A total of 9 effective ~(230)Th data points, ranging from 492.5 ± 43.0 ka to 62.0 ± 11.9 ka, were obtained. The depositional age of the earliest halite layer in the borehole is 592.5–563.0 ka. There were mirabilite deposits in the QB during the cold glacial environment of MIS 6. During MIS 4, the study area desiccated, with mirabilite and halite being deposited. This study suggests that mirabilite is an indicator mineral for the glacial environment in the QB, while halite deposition does not correspond well to glaciation.

Interaction between source rock and evaporite:A case study of natural gas generation in the northern Dongying Depression

It is well known that oil generated from source rocks of saline-lake facies is characteristic of low Pr/Ph ratio and high contents of gammacerane.The authors found that gas generated from the same source rocks was high in benzene and cyclohexane contents and had light carbon isotope compositions.In this study,a series of thermal simulations of gas generations on source rock with/without evaporites(such as carbonate,gypsum,and sodium chlorite,respectively),were conducted.It was found that the gypsum played an important role on the catalyzsis of gas generation in the thermal simulations.Compositions of the gaseous hydrocarbons generated from source rocks with evaporites are very similar to those of natural gases discovered from northern Dongying Depression.Meanwhile,in the thermal simulations,it was found that the carbon isotopic compositions of gaseous hydrocarbons generated from source rocks with evaporites are lighter than those of the gases from source rocks without evaporites.Therefore,it is concluded that natural gases discovered from northern Dongying Depression are the product of interaction between source rocks and evaporites(especially gypsum) of the saline facies.

Control of paleogeographic pattern on sedimentary differentiation of evaporite-carbonate symbiotic system:A case study of the sixth sub-member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation M5 Member in central-eastern Ordos Basin,NW China

The relationship between paleogeographic pattern and sedimentary differentiation of evaporite-carbonate symbiotic system is examined based on logging,core and thin section data,by taking the sixth sub-member of fifth member of Ordovician Majiagou Formation(M56)in the central-eastern Ordos Basin as an example.(1)Seven sub-geomorphic units(Taolimiao west low,Taolimiao underwater high,Taolimiao east low,Hengshan high,East salt low,North slope and Southwest slope)developed in the study area.(2)The“three lows”from west to east developed dolomitic restricted lagoon,evaporite evaporative lagoon and salt evaporative lagoon sedimentary facies respectively,the"two highs"developed high-energy grain beach and microbial mound,and the north and south slopes developed dolomitic flats around land.(3)The paleogeographic pattern caused natural differentiation of replenishment seawater from the northwest Qilian sea,leading to the eccentric sedimentary differentiation of dolomite,evaporite and salt rock symbiotic system from west to east,which is different from the classic“bull's eye”and“tear drop”distribution patterns.(4)As the Middle Qilian block subducted and collided into the North China Plate,the far-end compression stress transferred,giving rise to the alternate highland and lowland in near north to south direction during the sedimentary period of M56 sub-member.(5)Taolimiao underwater high and Hengshan high developed favorable zones of microbial mounds and grain shoals in south to north strike in M56 sub-member,making them favorable exploration areas with great exploration potential in the future.

Uranium distribution in the lacustrine calcareous clastic-evaporite sequence in the western Qaidam Basin,and implications for U behavior in concentration of closed water

Uranium(U)provides especially useful information for reconstructing paleoredox conditions due to its unique geochemical properties and behavior in supergene environments.The proxy potential under suboxic-oxic

Sulfur Isotope Composition of Evaporites in Different Strata in the Tarim Basin

Evaporite series is both an important target area looking for high-quality large potash deposits,but also one of the main types of hydrocarbon cap.Outcrops and drilling results indicate that five sets of evaporites were developed

Evaporite Basin Reservoir Formation

1 Introduction Today,Industrial value of oil and gas basin in the world for a total of more than 120,which contain lamellar or lenticular evaporite a total of 66,about 55%of the basin.According to statistics,in the basin of oil,salt,symbiosis,46%of the oil and gas layer in the basin was

深层古老碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩组合油气成藏特征

通过分析塔里木、四川和鄂尔多斯三大海相盆地埃迪卡拉系—奥陶系,并对比参考东西伯利亚、阿曼和澳大利亚Officer三大国外盆地新元古界—寒武系的地层特征,将碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩组合划分成碳酸盐岩类和膏盐岩类互为夹层型、碳酸盐岩类和膏盐岩类互层型以及碳酸盐岩类、膏盐岩类和碎屑岩类共生型3种类型,明确了碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩组合的概念及内涵。结果表明:(1)碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩组合的油气通常来源于泥页岩和泥质碳酸盐岩两类烃源岩,咸化环境膏盐岩可促进烃源岩生烃。(2)主要发育膏云坪型、颗粒滩和微生物丘型两大类白云岩储集层,准同生期或表生期的大气淡水淋滤是储集层规模发育的主要控制因素,后期埋藏溶蚀作用对储集层有调整和改造作用。(3)碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩组合油气成藏模式可划分为盐下成藏模式、盐上成藏模式和盐间成藏模式3大类8小类模式。塔里木盆地塔中隆起北坡、麦盖提斜坡和玛扎塔格前缘隆起带寒武系、四川盆地东部—南部地区寒武系和鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系盐间马家沟组四段等为未来的有利勘探领域。

川东地区中寒武统高台组蒸发岩特征和沉积模式

为明确川东地区中寒武统高台组蒸发岩特征与发育模式,综合野外观察、岩心描述、薄片鉴定、测井及地震资料,在对高台组蒸发岩的岩性及成因类型进行分析的基础上,讨论其沉积模式以及与油气的关系。研究结果表明:1)蒸发岩主要为含膏白云岩类、石膏岩和膏盐岩,存在清水和浑水两种蒸发岩岩性组合序列,蒸发岩厚度具有由西向东逐渐增厚的特点,沉积中心分别位于建深1井区—巫溪一线和太和1井区—石柱一线,蒸发岩盖层以“宽广圆环状”覆盖川东大部分地区;2)蒸发岩在干旱炎热的古环境、障壁滩形成的封闭环境、海水的周期性波动以及物源补给的共同作用下形成清水潟湖和浑水潟湖,即源控多潟湖成因环境;3)高台组蒸发岩厚度与龙王庙组储层的分布存在一定的负相关关系,即厚层蒸发岩控低含气储层,薄层蒸发岩控高含气储层;4)蒸发岩为盖层的储盖组合包括浑水潟湖成因的岩下储层和清水潟湖成因的岩间储层,薄层蒸发岩岩下储层含气规模较大,岩间储层的非均质性较强,厚度较薄,总体上呈中—低孔低渗的特征,研究区发育3个天然气有利勘探区带,分别位于北部、中部以及南部地区,是川东地区潜在的后备勘探领域。

高速铁路隧道盐溶角砾岩地质支护加固施工技术

西渝高铁合川东隧道长距离通过盐溶角砾岩,泥质胶结,遇水易软化,块石夹土,孤石含量大,围岩稳定性差,开挖支护安全风险高、施工工效低,隧底受施工扰动及地下水影响大,存在运营期结构安全风险。采取有效的开挖支护和基底处理措施对隧道施工安全和工期至关重要。文章从多种支护方式、隧底换填注浆、系统锚杆支护等方面试验对比分析,形成了一套成熟的铁路隧道盐溶角砾岩地质支护加固施工体系,为类似不良地质施工提供借鉴参考。

A Rapid Marine Regression in the Southwestern Tarim Basin in the Latest Cretaceous:Comparison of Two Different Evaporitic Sequences in the Yarkand Basin,Xinjiang Province,China

Two different evaporitic sequences occurred in the latest Cretaceous-Early Paleocene in Yarkand Basin,southwestern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang Province,China:one is characterized by poor gypsum and some small,lenticularshaped halite layers in the Tuyiluoke Formation of the latest Cretaceous,the other is characterized by very thick gypsum and halite layers in the Aertashen Formation of the early Paleocene.In the early developmental stage of the Tuyiluoke Formation,the Yarkand ancient saline lake was a long,strip-shaped depression,NW-SE oriented,along the West Kunlun piedmont,with its eastern boundary to the line along bores Ys1-T1-Ks101,the concentrated center located in the area of borehole S1.In the later developmental stage,the depositional scope was shifted inch by inch to the NW of this saline lake,forming a triangular depositional area,with apices at boreholes Wx1,Ak2 and S1,the concentrated center of the saline lake gradually migrating from borehole S1 region to the northwestern area of the lake,developing four small,evaporatedconcentrated sub-depressions,depositing lenticular-shaped halite.In the early Paleocene,the ancient saline lake was stretched from the West Kunlun piedmont in the west,to the Markit slope in the east,from the South Tianshan piedmont in the north,to the Hotan area in the south,accompanied by giant thicknesses of halite and large-scale gypsum layers,mainly interbedded with limestone in the Aertashen Formation.The evaporites in the latest Cretaceous-early Paleocene were controlled by the marine transgression-regression geological background in the Yarkand Basin.Generally,integrated evaporitic depositional sequences,such as clasolite-gypsum-halite-potash,usually occur in the presence of persistent seawater through evaporation,but this is not the case in the Tuyiluoke Formation.In contrast,very thick gypsum layers are common in the early Paleocene.Typically,adequate mineral sources for evaporites are found within seawater,such as in large basins undergoing long-term marine transgression-regression cycles,where adequate seawater remains,even though the basin was going through a marine regression stage.In the latest Cretaceous,thin gypsum layers indicate a lack of mineral sources.In contrast,the early Paleocene has far larger evaporites,both in width and thickness.This suggests a short-term marine regression stage must have occurred during the spatiotemporal evolution of the evaporites in the latest Cretaceous-Early Paleocene in the basin,meaning that a rapid marine regressive episode has been identified at the end of the Cretaceous.

塔里木盆地塔中Ⅱ区奥陶系油气差异富集模式

针对塔里木盆地塔中Ⅱ区奥陶系油气多相态共存、产能差异和富集模式认识不清的问题,采用油藏地球化学方法分析了奥陶系流体性质、分布特征及成因。油藏pVT相态分析认为存在凝析气藏与轻质油藏沿走滑断裂共存的现象,原油的成熟度参数显示为成熟阶段的产物,天然气碳同位素和烃类比值揭示组分为原油伴生气和原油裂解气的混合,金刚烷化合物及天然气分析显示中寒武统盐下原油裂解气的充注是奥陶系凝析气藏形成的重要原因。结合高精度三维地震解释发现油气分布受到走滑断裂的控制,马尾、翼尾、走滑断裂带与逆冲断裂交汇部位具有较低的原油密度和含蜡量,以及较高的气/油比、干燥系数、4-MDBT/1-MDBT比值等,为油气充注的有利通道,走滑断裂周期性开启与膏盐层封堵机制耦合控制了塔中Ⅱ区奥陶系油气成藏。综合研究认为,塔中Ⅱ区油气具有侧生邻储、走滑断裂垂向输导、沿走滑断裂富集的特征,多期点状油气充注是造成奥陶系油气差异分布的重要原因。走滑断裂控制了奥陶系油气富集,马尾地堑、翼尾地堑、走滑断裂带与逆冲断裂交汇构造部位仍有较大的勘探潜力,中寒武统膏盐层下可能发育大规模气藏,需要进一步关注。

塔里木盆地中下寒武统蒸发岩沉积特征及发育模式

塔里木盆地中下寒武统蒸发岩是寒武系盐下地层勘探成功的关键要素之一,研究其分布特征、发育模式对该地区油气勘探具有重要意义。本次研究综合区域地质背景、岩心薄片特征和钻井资料等,识别了塔里木盆地中下寒武统蒸发岩的岩石类型,刻画了蒸发岩的平面分布和沉积相展布,并建立了蒸发岩的发育模式。结果表明:(1)塔里木盆地中下寒武统蒸发岩以盐岩类和膏岩类为主,表现为下寒武统蒸发岩厚度小,仅在盆地西部局限分布,无聚盐中心,而中寒武统蒸发岩的厚度和分布范围均增大,以巴楚隆起为聚盐中心,呈厚层状在巴楚—塔中—塔北一带大面积分布。(2)下寒武统肖尔布拉克组蒸发岩为缓坡背景下的潮上“萨布哈”和“滩后浅水蒸发潟湖”成因,吾松格尔组蒸发岩为局限台地背景下的潮上“萨布哈”成因;中寒武统沙依里克组和阿瓦塔格组蒸发岩为蒸发台地背景下周期性封闭盆地“干化蒸发”成因,分布具有由内至外盐岩—膏岩—白云岩—泥岩的“牛眼式”沉积特征。上述研究结果深化了对塔里木盆地膏盐岩—碳酸盐岩共生体系的认识,不仅为塔里木盆地寒武系优质盖层预测以及有效储盖组合的分布研究提供了新的参考信息,也为寒武系盐下勘探部署提供了重要理论支撑。

川东地区寒武系高台组白云岩-蒸发岩共生地层高频层序划分及地质意义

白云岩-蒸发岩共生地层中油气资源丰富。基于层序地层学原理,结合钻井、薄片等资料,在三级层序划分的基础上,采用INPEFA和小波变换技术对川东地区寒武系高台组白云岩-蒸发岩共生地层的高频层序进行识别与划分,并探讨了其地质意义。研究结果表明:(1)川东地区寒武系高台组白云岩-蒸发岩共生地层可划分为3个三级层序,自下而上分别为Sq1,Sq2,Sq3,可进一步划分为6个四级层序(ssq1—ssq6)。高台组主要为碳酸盐岩台地沉积环境,自西向东依次发育混积台地、局限-蒸发台地、开阔台地相沉积。(2)研究区高台组的岩性组合序列包括白云岩上覆厚层蒸发岩(A)、厚层白云岩夹蒸发岩(B)、白云岩与蒸发岩互层(C)和蒸发岩上覆厚层白云岩(D)等4种类型。白云岩-蒸发岩共生地层发育在四级层序的接触界面,且多发育于层序内部的高位体系域,反映了海平面较强烈的扰动,尤其是海平面的相对下降有利于白云岩和蒸发岩沉积。(3)研究区高台组白云岩-蒸发岩共生地层的岩性组合序列在GR_(inpefa)曲线和小波变换曲线上均具有响应特征,对应的64尺度小波系数曲线波动平缓,能量团为弱黄蓝色,GR_(inpefa)曲线以“缺口”的形式表现出蒸发岩与白云岩的岩性差异。

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组碳酸盐岩-蒸发岩层系层序地层模式及其对源-储的控制作用

在充分调研已有成果的基础上,按照Vail经典层序地层理论,综合考虑碳酸盐岩-蒸发岩沉积学原理、台地形态、盆内和古隆起边缘岩性组合特征等,提出了鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组蒸发岩主要赋存于层序下部、浅水碳酸盐岩赋存于层序上部的层序地层划分模式,据此将马家沟组划分为5个三级层序。三级层序界面分别位于马(马家沟组)一段、马三段、马五^(10)亚段、马五^(6)亚段和马五4亚段底部,马家沟组底部和顶部为区域不整合面。在三级层序低位域的时限内,蒸发岩和碳酸盐岩在时空上呈指状交叉,蒸发岩沉积的次数与相邻碳酸盐岩地层中无沉积或间断(不整合)的次数相关,这种四级-五级的沉积间断面是层间溶蚀发育的前提条件,同时也决定了蒸发岩间烃源岩的发育位置。处于低位域的马一段、马三段、马五^(6)亚段3套蒸发岩层系发育潜在烃源岩,主要分布在环盐湖外围洼地及盆地中心斜坡区,具有层薄、累计厚度大的特征。沉积相与多级次层序界面控制储层的发育,主要形成了2类储层:(1)滩相白云岩孔隙型储层,主要发育在三级-四级层序高位体系域中、上部,沉积间断面与滩相叠加区为孔隙型储层发育的有利层位;(2)含膏云岩中膏模溶孔型储层,主要发育在低位体系域的次级海侵期,古隆起边缘区潮坪相带是膏模孔溶蚀型储层发育层位。

塔里木盆地中-下寒武统沉积相带与储盖关系

探讨塔里木盆地中-下寒武统沉积相带展布与储层、盖层发育规律。通过分析最新钻井的岩石结构、沉积序列,刻画优势储层相带、盖层发育规律,结果表明:肖尔布拉克组自塔南古隆起向北发育混积潮坪-碳酸盐缓坡沉积体系,盆地北部沙雅-轮探1井一带为中缓坡外带;吾松格尔组沉积期,巴楚一带因水体局限而发育膏盐坪,塔北隆起区局部发育台内砂屑滩;中寒武世膏盐湖沉积体系中,台内仍有浅滩发育,阿瓦塔格组膏盐湖向北延伸至轮探1井一带;优势储层分为高能滩相白云岩储层和台内云坪相白云岩储层两大类,高能滩相白云岩储层由颗粒滩相储层和高能丘滩相储层组成;沙依里克组发育2套稳定的膏盐岩盖层,阿瓦塔格组发育3套膏盐岩盖层,并逐渐增厚,分布范围向塔北扩大。5套膏盐岩盖层有效封盖了下伏的高能滩相、云坪相白云岩储层,白云岩-膏盐岩的岩石组合、高能滩相-膏盐湖的垂向沉积序列是塔里木盆地中-下寒武统油气成藏的重要前提。

川东三叠系白云岩与蒸发岩差异组合测井相模式及勘探意义

川东三叠系蒸发岩与白云岩共生体系中,赋存了丰富的油气资源和大量富含稀有元素的深层卤水,开发潜力巨大。这里根据岩心、薄片、钻测井等资料,结合前人的研究,总结了白云岩与蒸发岩的岩性特征及差异组合序列,将其分为A、B、C、D四种常见组合序列类型:白云岩上覆蒸发岩、蒸发岩上覆白云岩、白云岩与蒸发岩互层、厚层白云岩,分别对应钟形、漏斗形、尖指形和箱形四种测井相模式,探讨了不同组合下的沉积环境,进一步厘定川东地区三叠系白云岩与蒸发岩差异组合的测井-沉积综合模式,并利用实例进行可靠性验证,同时通过分析研究区内井资料和镜下薄片资料,发现D型组合序列最有利于卤水发育,对川东地区下一步的“天然气、深层卤水”兼探具有重要意义。

四川盆地东部地区早中三叠世蒸发岩的锶同位素特征及其地质意义

锶同位素已经成为全球海平面变化、造山运动、古气候和古环境等全球地质事件研究与对比的有效工具之一。本文以四川盆地东部地区早中三叠世蒸发岩的野外剖面和钻孔岩心为主要研究对象,测试了碳酸盐岩、硫酸盐岩和石盐岩的锶同位素组成,并建立了相应的锶同位素演化曲线。研究结果显示,碳酸盐岩的87Sr/86Sr值平均为0.707895,硬石膏岩的87Sr/86Sr值平均为0.708174,石盐岩的87Sr/86Sr值平均为0.708177,同时碳酸盐岩的87Sr/86Sr值从早三叠世的0.707413快速增加到中三叠世早期的0.708515,而后呈现下降趋势。从总体上看,这些87Sr/86Sr值与全球早中三叠世同期的87Sr/86Sr值数据接近,说明四川盆地东部地区早中三叠世钾盐的物质来源大部分为海水,并沉积于海相沉积环境,同时由于火山作用造成的温室效应也为钾盐沉积提供了气候条件。