The successful photo-catalyst library gives significant information on feature that affects photo-catalytic performance and proposes new materials.Competency is considerably significant to form multi-functional photo-...The successful photo-catalyst library gives significant information on feature that affects photo-catalytic performance and proposes new materials.Competency is considerably significant to form multi-functional photo-catalysts with flexible characteristics.Since recently,two-dimensional materials(2DMs)gained much attention from researchers,due to their unique thickness-dependent uses,mainly for photo-catalytic,outstanding chemical and physical properties.Photo-catalytic water splitting and hydrogen(H2)evolution by plentiful compounds as electron(e−)donors is estimated to participate in constructing clean method for solar H2-formation.Heterogeneous photocatalysis received much research attention caused by their applications to tackle numerous energy and environmental issues.This broad review explains progress regarding 2DMs,significance in structure,and catalytic results.We will discuss in detail current progresses of approaches for adjusting 2DMs-based photo-catalysts to assess their photo-activity including doping,hetero-structure scheme,and functional formation assembly.Suggested plans,e.g.,doping and sensitization of semiconducting 2DMs,increasing electrical conductance,improving catalytic active sites,strengthening interface coupling in semiconductors(SCs)2DMs,forming nano-structures,building multi-junction nano-composites,increasing photo-stability of SCs,and using combined results of adapted approaches,are summed up.Hence,to further improve 2DMs photo-catalyst properties,hetero-structure design-based 2DMs’photo-catalyst basic mechanism is also reviewed.展开更多
Organic materials, especially the carbonyl compounds, are promising anode materials for room temperature sodium-ion batteries owing to their high reversible capacity, structural diversity as well as eco-friendly synth...Organic materials, especially the carbonyl compounds, are promising anode materials for room temperature sodium-ion batteries owing to their high reversible capacity, structural diversity as well as eco-friendly synthesis from bio-mass. Herein, we report a novel anthraquinone derivative, C_(14)H_6 O_4 Na_2 composited with carbon nanotube(C_(14)H_6 O_4 Na_2-CNT), used as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries in etherbased electrolyte. The C_(14)H_6 O_4 Na_2-CNT electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 173 mAh g^(-1) and an ultra-high initial Coulombic efficiency of 98% at the rate of 0.1 C. The capacity retention is 82% after 50 cycles at 0.2 C and a good rate capability is displayed at 2 C.Furthermore, the average Na insertion voltage of 1.27 V vs. Na^+/Na makes it a unique and safety battery material, which would avoid Na plating and formation of solid electrolyte interface. Our contribution provides new insights for designing developed organic anode materials with high initial Coulombic efficiency and improved safety capability for sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
在优化条件下,用NaH、n-BuLi、THF、芴、溴、二溴代烃、二酮为原料,通过溴代反应合成了新型的含芴发光材料前体9-(2,7-二溴-9-正丁基-9-H-芴)壬烷-2,4-二酮(DBBFOD);产物的收率为56%,纯度>99%,其结构经1 H NMR、13 C NMR、MS和元素...在优化条件下,用NaH、n-BuLi、THF、芴、溴、二溴代烃、二酮为原料,通过溴代反应合成了新型的含芴发光材料前体9-(2,7-二溴-9-正丁基-9-H-芴)壬烷-2,4-二酮(DBBFOD);产物的收率为56%,纯度>99%,其结构经1 H NMR、13 C NMR、MS和元素分析确证.展开更多
Developing highly active catalysts for photo/electrocatalytic water splitting is an attractive strategy to produce H2 as a renewable energy source.In this study,a new nickel boron oxide/graphdiyne(NiBi/GDY)hybrid cata...Developing highly active catalysts for photo/electrocatalytic water splitting is an attractive strategy to produce H2 as a renewable energy source.In this study,a new nickel boron oxide/graphdiyne(NiBi/GDY)hybrid catalyst was prepared by a facile synthetic approach.Benefitting from the strong electron donating ability of graphdiyne,NiBi/GDY showed an optimized electronic structure containing lower valence nickel atoms and demonstrated improved catalytic performance.As expected,NiBi/GDY displayed a high photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 4.54 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),2.9 and 4.5 times higher than those of NiBi/graphene and NiBi,respectively.NiBi/GDY also displayed outstanding electrocatalytic H2 evolution activity in 1.0 M KOH solution,with a current density of 400 mA/cm^(2)at an overpotential of 478.0 mV,which is lower than that of commercial Pt/C(505.3 mV@400 mA/cm^(2)).This work demonstrates that GDY is an ideal support for the development of highly active catalysts for photo/electrocatalytic H2 evolution.展开更多
Micro-encapsulated phase-change materials(micro PCMs) with Na_2 HPO_4·12 H_2 O encapsulated in poly(lactic acid)(PLA) shell were prepared by a solvent evaporation–precipitation method that involves the use of a ...Micro-encapsulated phase-change materials(micro PCMs) with Na_2 HPO_4·12 H_2 O encapsulated in poly(lactic acid)(PLA) shell were prepared by a solvent evaporation–precipitation method that involves the use of a coaxial needle. The effects of PLA concentration, stirring speed, injection rate of core and shell solutions, and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) concentration on phase change properties were investigated. The thermal properties of microP CMs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The capsules prepared under the optimal conditions are about 2 mm in diameter and show a latent heat of up to 122.2 J·g^(-1).展开更多
Regarding the research on alternatives for monopropellant hydrazine, several so called green propellants are currently under investigation or qualification. Aside others, the DLR Institute of Space Propulsion investig...Regarding the research on alternatives for monopropellant hydrazine, several so called green propellants are currently under investigation or qualification. Aside others, the DLR Institute of Space Propulsion investigates a N20/C2I-I4 premixed green propellant. During the research activities, flashback from the rocket combustion chamber into the feeding system has been identified as a major challenge when using the propellant mixture. This paper shows the results of ignition experiments conducted in a cylindrical, optical accessible ignition chamber. During the ignition and flame propagation process, pressure, temperature and high-speed video data were collected. The high speed video data were used to analyze the flame propagation speed. The obtained propagation speed was about 20 rn/s at ignition, while during further propagation of the flame speeds of up to 120 m/s were measured. Additionally, two different porous materials as flame arresting elements were tested： Porous stainless steel and porous bronze material. For both materials Peclet numbers for flashback were derived. The critical Peclet number for the sintered bronze material was around 20, while for the sintered stainless steel the critical Peclet number seems to be larger than 40. Due to the test results, sintered porous materials seem to be suitable as flashback arresters.展开更多
This study used a bioelectrochemical system (BES) to produce H2O2.Seven cycles after the addition of microorganisms,the BES started successfully and entered a stable operation period.During stable operation,the voltag...This study used a bioelectrochemical system (BES) to produce H2O2.Seven cycles after the addition of microorganisms,the BES started successfully and entered a stable operation period.During stable operation,the voltage was 581 mV,the COD removal efficiency at the anode was 85.39%,and the H 2O 2 mass concentration at the cathode was 0.5%.After the addition of 10% of graphite particles in the reaction chamber,the H2O2 production increased by 13%.After loading Pt-containing carbon black catalyst on the cathode,the H2O2 production increased by 34%.The mass concentration of H2O2 was 0.67% under the optimum process conditions of a cathode loaded with Pt-containing carbon black catalyst,pH=7,and dissolved oxygen of 8 mg/L.展开更多
We have developed a novel thermoelectric gas sensors based on bismuth telluride thin films.These sensors were employed for sensing different concentrations of H_2 gas.Radio frequency (R.F.) magnetron sputtering was em...We have developed a novel thermoelectric gas sensors based on bismuth telluride thin films.These sensors were employed for sensing different concentrations of H_2 gas.Radio frequency (R.F.) magnetron sputtering was employed to deposit the bismuth telluride (Bi_2Te_3) thin films.The morphology of such thin films was investigated and responses of the thermoelectric devices to H_2 were studied.展开更多
以5,5′-联四唑-1,1′-二羟基二水化合物（H2BTO·2H2O）和2-甲基咪唑为原料合成了一种新的5,5′-联四唑-1,1′-二氧-2-甲基咪唑含能离子盐（M2BTO）。采用X-射线单晶衍射、FT-IR、1 H NMR、13 C NMR和元素分析进行了结构表征;利用...以5,5′-联四唑-1,1′-二羟基二水化合物（H2BTO·2H2O）和2-甲基咪唑为原料合成了一种新的5,5′-联四唑-1,1′-二氧-2-甲基咪唑含能离子盐（M2BTO）。采用X-射线单晶衍射、FT-IR、1 H NMR、13 C NMR和元素分析进行了结构表征;利用差示扫描量热分析（DSC）和热重-微分热重分析（TG-DTG）研究了该含能离子盐的热分解过程及其非等温分解反应动力学;利用Kamlet-Jacobs经验公式对其爆速、爆压参数进行了理论计算;采用WL-1型撞击感度测试仪测定了M2BTO的特性落高H50;采用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算了其反应活化能。结果表明,M2BTO晶体属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数为：a=0.538 60（5）nm,b=0.726 76（6）nm,c=1.111 49（11）nm,V=401.00（6）×10^-3nm3,ρ=1.534g/cm3,Z=1;M2BTO分解峰值温度为542.1K,TG曲线上只存在一个失重阶段,该阶段位于503.5-568.2K,失重为78.2%,表明其有较好的热稳定性;表观活化能为134.7kJ/mol（Kissinger法）和136.7kJ/mol（Ozawa法）,二者一致性较好,指前因子1n（A/s-1）=29.33;其爆速、爆压的理论计算值分别为7 104m/s、20.23GPa,特性落高（H50）大于61.0cm。展开更多
The coexistence of hydrogen-containing materials and radioactive substances in source rocks is universal.Few documents have researched whether the latter can radiate the former to generate hydrogen gas(H2)as well as t...The coexistence of hydrogen-containing materials and radioactive substances in source rocks is universal.Few documents have researched whether the latter can radiate the former to generate hydrogen gas(H2)as well as the factors controlling this process.This work conducted a series of radiation experiments to address this issue.Samples were placed in sealed Pyrex glass containers and subject to cobalt(60 Co)γirradiation and components and contents of resultant gases were analyzed using gas-chromatography.The results show that all the samples released variable amounts of H2 after irradiation and that the yield(H2)of decane is lower than that of 3-tetradecylthiophene but higher than that of distilled water,which implies that a weaker H-X bond energy(X indicates O,C or other element)in homogeneous materials corresponds with increased yield(H2).The yields(H2)of samples decreased with the decreasing solutions concentrations in sequence from mixed salts solution,KCl solution,Yellow Sea water,oil field water,gypsum solution to distilled water.The experimental results also show that the yield(H2)of distilled water with montmorillonite is higher than that of distilled water with kaolinite,because due to the larger specific surface area,ion exchange capacity and more effective energy transfer effect of montmorillonite.Meanwhile,the irradiation of oxygen-and carbon-containing materials also releases O2 and CH4.The production of H2 via the irradiation of hydrogen-containing materials makes the involvement of exogenous H2 into hydrocarbon generation possible,which can enhance the hydrocarbon volume and optimize crude oil.展开更多
Microbial electrolysis cells(MECs)present an attractive route for energy-saving hydrogen(H2)production along with treatment of various wastewaters,which can convert organic matter into H2 with the assistance of microb...Microbial electrolysis cells(MECs)present an attractive route for energy-saving hydrogen(H2)production along with treatment of various wastewaters,which can convert organic matter into H2 with the assistance of microbial electrocatalysis.However,the development of such renewable technologies for H2 production still faces considerable challenges regarding how to enhance the H2 production rate and to lower the energy and the system cost.In this review,we will focus on the recent research progress of MEC for H2 production.First,we present a brief introduction of MEC technology and the operating mechanism for H2 production.Then,the electrode materials including some typical electrocatalysts for hydrogen production are summarized and discussed.We also highlight how various substrates used in MEC affect the associated performance of hydrogen generation.Finally we presents several key scientific challenges and our perspectives on how to enhance the electrochemical performance.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)materials,especially transition metal carbides and/or nitrides(MXenes),have aroused extensive research interest in the field of photocatalysis.Specifically,the unique properties of high electrical c...Two-dimensional(2D)materials,especially transition metal carbides and/or nitrides(MXenes),have aroused extensive research interest in the field of photocatalysis.Specifically,the unique properties of high electrical conductivity,abundant surface functional groups,considerable specific surface area,and excellent photo-thermal effect allow MXenes to play versatile roles in photocatalysis.Herein,the latest and encouraging developments in MXenes-based composite materials for photocatalytic applications in recent two years are reviewed.We first briefly describe the roles of MXenes as a support and co-catalyst to promote the distribution of photocatalysts and facilitate the separation of the photogenerated charge carriers,respectively.Then,the design and fabrication of MXenes-based composite materials for various photocatalytic applications including H_(2) evolution,CO_(2) reduction,environmental remediation,and H_(2)O_(2) generation are comprehensively illustrated.Finally,we point out the challenges and prospects for the future development of MXenes-based composite materials.展开更多
H2S can cause multiple diseases and poses a great threat to human health.However,the precise detection of extremely toxic H2S at room temperature is still a great challenge.Here,a facile solvent evaporation induced ag...H2S can cause multiple diseases and poses a great threat to human health.However,the precise detection of extremely toxic H2S at room temperature is still a great challenge.Here,a facile solvent evaporation induced aggregating assembly(EIAA)method has been applied for the production of ordered mesoporous carbon(OMCs)in an acidic THF/H2 O solution with high-molecular-weight poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene(PEO-b-PS)copolymers as the structure-directing agent,formaldehyde and resorcinol as carbon precursors.Along with the continuous evaporation of THF from the mixed solution,cylindrical micelles are formed in the solution and further assemble into highly ordered mesostructure.The obtained OMCs possesses a two-dimensional(2 D)hexagonal mesostructure with uniform and large pore diameter(~19.2 nm),high surface area(599 m2/g),and large pore volume(0.92 cm3/g).When being used as the resonant cantilever gas sensor for room-temperature H2S detection,the OMCs has delivered not only a superior gas sensing performance with ultrafast re s ponse(14 s)and recovery(21 s)even at low concentration(2 ppm)but also an excellent selectivity toward H2S among various common interfering gases.Moreover,the limit of detection is better than 0.2 ppm,indicating its potential application in environmental monitoring and health protection.展开更多
In this article, we used the self-excitation and self-inductance characteristics of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) piezoelectric materials, combined with the powerful signal processing and calculation analysis capabili...In this article, we used the self-excitation and self-inductance characteristics of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) piezoelectric materials, combined with the powerful signal processing and calculation analysis capabilities of integrated circuits, for the first time to explore a set of microcantilever sensor "readout system" without additional driver(self-driving) and can realize self-sensing external signal(self-sensing).It was successfully applied to the unlabeled detection of avian influenza virus(AIV) H9N_(2). The specific force of the antigen-antibody complexes on the surface of the microcantilever leads to the change of the stress of the cantilever, which drives the constructed detection device, and does not require an additional excitation source to drive it, that is, the self-driving part. At the same time, due to the movement of piezoelectric charges in the film caused by the positive piezoelectric effect of the PVDF film, self-inductive charges are generated on the surface of the sensor dielectric. The charge signal is converted into a voltage signal, and the sensing part is completed, that is, self-sensing. The immunosensor has a linear range of100-1000 ng/m L with a detection limit of 2.9 ng/m L. The method will also open up a new avenue for the detection of other analytes based on antigen-antibody responses.展开更多
基金The research was partially supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(Grant Nos.61875138,61435010,and 61961136001).
文摘The successful photo-catalyst library gives significant information on feature that affects photo-catalytic performance and proposes new materials.Competency is considerably significant to form multi-functional photo-catalysts with flexible characteristics.Since recently,two-dimensional materials(2DMs)gained much attention from researchers,due to their unique thickness-dependent uses,mainly for photo-catalytic,outstanding chemical and physical properties.Photo-catalytic water splitting and hydrogen(H2)evolution by plentiful compounds as electron(e−)donors is estimated to participate in constructing clean method for solar H2-formation.Heterogeneous photocatalysis received much research attention caused by their applications to tackle numerous energy and environmental issues.This broad review explains progress regarding 2DMs,significance in structure,and catalytic results.We will discuss in detail current progresses of approaches for adjusting 2DMs-based photo-catalysts to assess their photo-activity including doping,hetero-structure scheme,and functional formation assembly.Suggested plans,e.g.,doping and sensitization of semiconducting 2DMs,increasing electrical conductance,improving catalytic active sites,strengthening interface coupling in semiconductors(SCs)2DMs,forming nano-structures,building multi-junction nano-composites,increasing photo-stability of SCs,and using combined results of adapted approaches,are summed up.Hence,to further improve 2DMs photo-catalyst properties,hetero-structure design-based 2DMs’photo-catalyst basic mechanism is also reviewed.
基金supported by funding from the National Key Technologies R&D Program (2016YFB0901500)the NSFC (11234013 and 51421002)the One Hundred Talent Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Organic materials, especially the carbonyl compounds, are promising anode materials for room temperature sodium-ion batteries owing to their high reversible capacity, structural diversity as well as eco-friendly synthesis from bio-mass. Herein, we report a novel anthraquinone derivative, C_(14)H_6 O_4 Na_2 composited with carbon nanotube(C_(14)H_6 O_4 Na_2-CNT), used as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries in etherbased electrolyte. The C_(14)H_6 O_4 Na_2-CNT electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 173 mAh g^(-1) and an ultra-high initial Coulombic efficiency of 98% at the rate of 0.1 C. The capacity retention is 82% after 50 cycles at 0.2 C and a good rate capability is displayed at 2 C.Furthermore, the average Na insertion voltage of 1.27 V vs. Na^+/Na makes it a unique and safety battery material, which would avoid Na plating and formation of solid electrolyte interface. Our contribution provides new insights for designing developed organic anode materials with high initial Coulombic efficiency and improved safety capability for sodium-ion batteries.
基金2013年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201313256001)湖北师范学院硕士研究生创新科研基金项目(1051320130216)+1 种基金National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(201313256001)Postgraduate Innovation Scientific Research Foundation of Hubei Normal University(1051320130216)
文摘Developing highly active catalysts for photo/electrocatalytic water splitting is an attractive strategy to produce H2 as a renewable energy source.In this study,a new nickel boron oxide/graphdiyne(NiBi/GDY)hybrid catalyst was prepared by a facile synthetic approach.Benefitting from the strong electron donating ability of graphdiyne,NiBi/GDY showed an optimized electronic structure containing lower valence nickel atoms and demonstrated improved catalytic performance.As expected,NiBi/GDY displayed a high photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 4.54 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),2.9 and 4.5 times higher than those of NiBi/graphene and NiBi,respectively.NiBi/GDY also displayed outstanding electrocatalytic H2 evolution activity in 1.0 M KOH solution,with a current density of 400 mA/cm^(2)at an overpotential of 478.0 mV,which is lower than that of commercial Pt/C(505.3 mV@400 mA/cm^(2)).This work demonstrates that GDY is an ideal support for the development of highly active catalysts for photo/electrocatalytic H2 evolution.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21476065)the China National Tobacco Corporation
文摘Micro-encapsulated phase-change materials(micro PCMs) with Na_2 HPO_4·12 H_2 O encapsulated in poly(lactic acid)(PLA) shell were prepared by a solvent evaporation–precipitation method that involves the use of a coaxial needle. The effects of PLA concentration, stirring speed, injection rate of core and shell solutions, and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) concentration on phase change properties were investigated. The thermal properties of microP CMs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The capsules prepared under the optimal conditions are about 2 mm in diameter and show a latent heat of up to 122.2 J·g^(-1).
文摘Regarding the research on alternatives for monopropellant hydrazine, several so called green propellants are currently under investigation or qualification. Aside others, the DLR Institute of Space Propulsion investigates a N20/C2I-I4 premixed green propellant. During the research activities, flashback from the rocket combustion chamber into the feeding system has been identified as a major challenge when using the propellant mixture. This paper shows the results of ignition experiments conducted in a cylindrical, optical accessible ignition chamber. During the ignition and flame propagation process, pressure, temperature and high-speed video data were collected. The high speed video data were used to analyze the flame propagation speed. The obtained propagation speed was about 20 rn/s at ignition, while during further propagation of the flame speeds of up to 120 m/s were measured. Additionally, two different porous materials as flame arresting elements were tested： Porous stainless steel and porous bronze material. For both materials Peclet numbers for flashback were derived. The critical Peclet number for the sintered bronze material was around 20, while for the sintered stainless steel the critical Peclet number seems to be larger than 40. Due to the test results, sintered porous materials seem to be suitable as flashback arresters.
基金Supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2019QEE039)
文摘This study used a bioelectrochemical system (BES) to produce H2O2.Seven cycles after the addition of microorganisms,the BES started successfully and entered a stable operation period.During stable operation,the voltage was 581 mV,the COD removal efficiency at the anode was 85.39%,and the H 2O 2 mass concentration at the cathode was 0.5%.After the addition of 10% of graphite particles in the reaction chamber,the H2O2 production increased by 13%.After loading Pt-containing carbon black catalyst on the cathode,the H2O2 production increased by 34%.The mass concentration of H2O2 was 0.67% under the optimum process conditions of a cathode loaded with Pt-containing carbon black catalyst,pH=7,and dissolved oxygen of 8 mg/L.
文摘We have developed a novel thermoelectric gas sensors based on bismuth telluride thin films.These sensors were employed for sensing different concentrations of H_2 gas.Radio frequency (R.F.) magnetron sputtering was employed to deposit the bismuth telluride (Bi_2Te_3) thin films.The morphology of such thin films was investigated and responses of the thermoelectric devices to H_2 were studied.
文摘以5,5′-联四唑-1,1′-二羟基二水化合物（H2BTO·2H2O）和2-甲基咪唑为原料合成了一种新的5,5′-联四唑-1,1′-二氧-2-甲基咪唑含能离子盐（M2BTO）。采用X-射线单晶衍射、FT-IR、1 H NMR、13 C NMR和元素分析进行了结构表征;利用差示扫描量热分析（DSC）和热重-微分热重分析（TG-DTG）研究了该含能离子盐的热分解过程及其非等温分解反应动力学;利用Kamlet-Jacobs经验公式对其爆速、爆压参数进行了理论计算;采用WL-1型撞击感度测试仪测定了M2BTO的特性落高H50;采用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算了其反应活化能。结果表明,M2BTO晶体属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数为：a=0.538 60（5）nm,b=0.726 76（6）nm,c=1.111 49（11）nm,V=401.00（6）×10^-3nm3,ρ=1.534g/cm3,Z=1;M2BTO分解峰值温度为542.1K,TG曲线上只存在一个失重阶段,该阶段位于503.5-568.2K,失重为78.2%,表明其有较好的热稳定性;表观活化能为134.7kJ/mol（Kissinger法）和136.7kJ/mol（Ozawa法）,二者一致性较好,指前因子1n（A/s-1）=29.33;其爆速、爆压的理论计算值分别为7 104m/s、20.23GPa,特性落高（H50）大于61.0cm。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants No.41330315 and 41402093)the Education Fund Project of Shaanxi Province(grants No.14JK1732)
文摘The coexistence of hydrogen-containing materials and radioactive substances in source rocks is universal.Few documents have researched whether the latter can radiate the former to generate hydrogen gas(H2)as well as the factors controlling this process.This work conducted a series of radiation experiments to address this issue.Samples were placed in sealed Pyrex glass containers and subject to cobalt(60 Co)γirradiation and components and contents of resultant gases were analyzed using gas-chromatography.The results show that all the samples released variable amounts of H2 after irradiation and that the yield(H2)of decane is lower than that of 3-tetradecylthiophene but higher than that of distilled water,which implies that a weaker H-X bond energy(X indicates O,C or other element)in homogeneous materials corresponds with increased yield(H2).The yields(H2)of samples decreased with the decreasing solutions concentrations in sequence from mixed salts solution,KCl solution,Yellow Sea water,oil field water,gypsum solution to distilled water.The experimental results also show that the yield(H2)of distilled water with montmorillonite is higher than that of distilled water with kaolinite,because due to the larger specific surface area,ion exchange capacity and more effective energy transfer effect of montmorillonite.Meanwhile,the irradiation of oxygen-and carbon-containing materials also releases O2 and CH4.The production of H2 via the irradiation of hydrogen-containing materials makes the involvement of exogenous H2 into hydrocarbon generation possible,which can enhance the hydrocarbon volume and optimize crude oil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21566025 and No.21875253)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20152ACB21019 and No.20162BCB23044)。
文摘Microbial electrolysis cells(MECs)present an attractive route for energy-saving hydrogen(H2)production along with treatment of various wastewaters,which can convert organic matter into H2 with the assistance of microbial electrocatalysis.However,the development of such renewable technologies for H2 production still faces considerable challenges regarding how to enhance the H2 production rate and to lower the energy and the system cost.In this review,we will focus on the recent research progress of MEC for H2 production.First,we present a brief introduction of MEC technology and the operating mechanism for H2 production.Then,the electrode materials including some typical electrocatalysts for hydrogen production are summarized and discussed.We also highlight how various substrates used in MEC affect the associated performance of hydrogen generation.Finally we presents several key scientific challenges and our perspectives on how to enhance the electrochemical performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51932007,U1705251,U1905215,51961135303,22005232,and 22150610467)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB1502001).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)materials,especially transition metal carbides and/or nitrides(MXenes),have aroused extensive research interest in the field of photocatalysis.Specifically,the unique properties of high electrical conductivity,abundant surface functional groups,considerable specific surface area,and excellent photo-thermal effect allow MXenes to play versatile roles in photocatalysis.Herein,the latest and encouraging developments in MXenes-based composite materials for photocatalytic applications in recent two years are reviewed.We first briefly describe the roles of MXenes as a support and co-catalyst to promote the distribution of photocatalysts and facilitate the separation of the photogenerated charge carriers,respectively.Then,the design and fabrication of MXenes-based composite materials for various photocatalytic applications including H_(2) evolution,CO_(2) reduction,environmental remediation,and H_(2)O_(2) generation are comprehensively illustrated.Finally,we point out the challenges and prospects for the future development of MXenes-based composite materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51822202 and 51772050)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.18QA1400100)+3 种基金Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program of Shanghai,the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,China(No.19520713200)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDJSSW-JSC001)DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessupport of the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(No.2016213)。
文摘H2S can cause multiple diseases and poses a great threat to human health.However,the precise detection of extremely toxic H2S at room temperature is still a great challenge.Here,a facile solvent evaporation induced aggregating assembly(EIAA)method has been applied for the production of ordered mesoporous carbon(OMCs)in an acidic THF/H2 O solution with high-molecular-weight poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene(PEO-b-PS)copolymers as the structure-directing agent,formaldehyde and resorcinol as carbon precursors.Along with the continuous evaporation of THF from the mixed solution,cylindrical micelles are formed in the solution and further assemble into highly ordered mesostructure.The obtained OMCs possesses a two-dimensional(2 D)hexagonal mesostructure with uniform and large pore diameter(~19.2 nm),high surface area(599 m2/g),and large pore volume(0.92 cm3/g).When being used as the resonant cantilever gas sensor for room-temperature H2S detection,the OMCs has delivered not only a superior gas sensing performance with ultrafast re s ponse(14 s)and recovery(21 s)even at low concentration(2 ppm)but also an excellent selectivity toward H2S among various common interfering gases.Moreover,the limit of detection is better than 0.2 ppm,indicating its potential application in environmental monitoring and health protection.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22102141)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)+2 种基金Nature Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province No.BK20190905Project for Science and Technology of Yangzhou(No. YZ2020067)the open funds of the Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine (No. YF202020)。
文摘In this article, we used the self-excitation and self-inductance characteristics of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) piezoelectric materials, combined with the powerful signal processing and calculation analysis capabilities of integrated circuits, for the first time to explore a set of microcantilever sensor "readout system" without additional driver(self-driving) and can realize self-sensing external signal(self-sensing).It was successfully applied to the unlabeled detection of avian influenza virus(AIV) H9N_(2). The specific force of the antigen-antibody complexes on the surface of the microcantilever leads to the change of the stress of the cantilever, which drives the constructed detection device, and does not require an additional excitation source to drive it, that is, the self-driving part. At the same time, due to the movement of piezoelectric charges in the film caused by the positive piezoelectric effect of the PVDF film, self-inductive charges are generated on the surface of the sensor dielectric. The charge signal is converted into a voltage signal, and the sensing part is completed, that is, self-sensing. The immunosensor has a linear range of100-1000 ng/m L with a detection limit of 2.9 ng/m L. The method will also open up a new avenue for the detection of other analytes based on antigen-antibody responses.
