He-Ne激光对小麦幼苗增强UV-B辐射损伤的修复研究

分别采用5mW·mm-2He-Ne激光辐照和增强UV-B辐射(10.08kJ·m-2·d-1)及其二者组合对晋麦8号小麦幼苗进行处理,5d后测定各处理幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白、硝酸还原酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶活性的变化以分析He-Ne激光对小麦幼苗受增强UV-B损伤的修复作用.结果显示:He-Ne激光辐照可使UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗叶片的可溶性蛋白含量增加,谷氨酸脱氢酶活性增强,而使硝酸还原酶活性先升高后降低.表明小麦幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白、谷氨酸脱氢酶、硝酸还原酶的变化同小麦幼苗损伤修复的能力相关,一定剂量的He-Ne激光辐照可部分修复增强UV-B对小麦幼苗氮代谢水平的辐射损伤.

增强UV-B及He-Ne激光对小麦幼苗“翘根”现象的诱导与修复机制

采用He-Ne激光(5 mW.mm-2)辐照方法,对增强UV-B(10.08 kJ.m-2.d-1)辐射小麦‘93-4736’幼苗损伤进行修复研究。结果表明:增强UV-B辐射导致小麦根细胞有丝分裂减弱,降低根尖吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性,增加根弯曲部位H+外流,引起小麦“翘根”现象。而He-Ne激光辐照处理增强UV-B辐射后的小麦,可增加根尖吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性,减少根弯曲部位H+外流,减轻“翘根”现象的发生。说明增强UV-B辐射对小麦根尖生长素的影响是造成小麦“翘根”现象形成的重要原因之一,He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射造成的小麦“翘根”损伤有一定程度的修复作用。

Selective laser melting of Fe-Ni-Cr layer on AISI H13 tool steel

An attempt to fabricate Fe-Ni-Cr coating on AISI H13 tool steel was performed with selective laser melting.Fe-Ni-Cr coating was produced by experimental facilities consisting of a 200 W fiber laser which can be focused to 80 μm and atmospheric chamber which can control atmospheric pressure with N2 or Ar.Coating layer was fabricated with various process parameters such as laser power,scan rate and fill spacing.Surface quality and coating thickness were measured and analyzed.Three different surface patterns,such as typeⅠ,typeⅡand type Ⅲ,are shown with various test conditions and smooth regular pattern is obtained under the conditions as 10 μm of fill spacing,50-350 mm/s of scan rate and 40 μm of fill spacing,10-150 mm/s of scan rate.The maximum coating thickness is increased with power elevation or scan rate drop,and average thickness of 10 μm fill spacing is lower than that of 40 μm fill spacing.

激光熔覆Ni/h-BN涂层的制备及摩擦学性能

Ni/h-BN是一种优良的高温固体润滑剂,h-BN较差的可烧结性以及其同金属材料润湿性差等缺点限制了其进一步的应用。目前封严涂层的性能研究注重涂层零件在工作温度(高温)时的摩擦学性能,而航空发动机涂层的转子对象件与封严涂层进行刮磨时主要还是室温条件下,而对室温下Ni/h-BN涂层摩擦学性能研究不足。对使用激光熔覆制备Ni/h-BN涂层进行了室温下摩擦学性能探究,再结合激光熔覆涂层的表面形貌,工艺参数功率为500 W、扫描速度为350 mm/min是最佳熔覆工艺。Ni/h-BN复合涂层与Si3N4陶瓷球配副,载荷3 N,滑动速度分别为0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25 m/s。在室温条件下对摩240 m下,Ni/h-BN涂层的磨损率在10-4 mm^(3)/(N·m)且随着滑动速度的增大而逐渐降低。

Application of direct laser metal tooling for AISI H13 tool stee

In the die industry, it is commonly agreed that residual tool life can be successfully extended by timely repair of damaged surfaces. Traditionally, the main repair process is tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, but a new process called direct laser metal tooling (DLMT) emerges. DLMT is a manual process, of which results depend on the materials of the powders and tools, the laser process and parameters. This technology is a direct-metal freeform fabrication technique in which a 200 W fiber laser is used. AISI H13 tool steel is a suitable material for die casting tools because of the high resistance to thermal fatigue and dimensional stability. In this research, AISI H13 tool steel was melted with metal powder by fiber laser. Before melting AISI H13, the powders were analyzed with XRF equipment. Then, hardness distribution of laser melted zone was investigated. The microstructure in laser melted zone was discussed. In order to identify the effect of particle size of powder on the melted zone, two types of particle sizes of powders were used. Experimental results show that the mold repair process using DLMT can be applied in the mold repair industry.

Laser surface hardening of AISI H13 tool steel

An attempt was made to improve the surface hardness and wear properties of AISI H13 tool steel through solid solution hardening and refinement of microstructures using a 200 W fiber laser as a heat generating source.The hardness of laser melted zone was investigated.In order to identify the effect of heat input on the laser melting zone,scanning conditions were controlled.The results show that,the hardness of as-received AISI H13 tool steel is approximately Hv 240,and the hardness after laser surface heat treatment is around Hv 480-510.The hardening depth and width are increased with the increase in the heat input applied.Application of experimental results will be considered in tooling industry.

西南天山阿沙哇义金矿床流体包裹体和H-O同位素地球化学特征与造山型金矿成因

【研究目的】阿沙哇义金矿位于西南天山,处在“亚洲金腰带”的中南缘,是最近几年新探明、中型规模的金矿,矿床基础研究程度较低。【研究方法】通过野外地质调查,室内开展流体包裹体岩相学、成分分析、测温、H-O同位素等研究。【研究结果】提出矿床的含矿地层为上石炭统喀拉治尔加组,矿体产于NEE走向逆冲推覆构造系统的次级断裂内;成矿可分为3阶段,早—中阶段发育H_(2)O溶液型、CO_(2)-H_(2)O型及纯CO_(2)型三种流体包裹体,但晚期仅发育纯H_(2)O溶液型包裹体。其中早期均一温度236~386℃,盐度1.6%~9.7%NaCl eqv.;中期均一温度225~301℃,盐度1.4%~12.5%NaCl eqv.;晚期均一温度139~222℃,盐度1.4%~7.3%NaCl eqv.;流体包裹体激光拉曼图谱显示液体成分为H_(2)O和CO_(2),含CH_(4)和N_(2);表明成矿流体具中低温、富CO_(2)、含CH_(4)和N_(2)、低盐度的变质流体特征;根据CO_(2)-H_(2)O型包裹体估算早—中期压力分别为140~180 MPa和130~160 MPa,对应的静岩压力深度分别为5~7 km和5~6 km;石英的H-O同位素结果显示成矿流体从早期深源变质流体,经中期变质流体与大气降水混合流体,晚期向浅源大气降水热液演化。【结论】综合分析认为,压力降低,流体不混溶或沸腾,CO_(2)、CH_(4)等气体逃逸,发育硫化、碳酸盐化这一过程是阿沙哇义金矿床金快速沉淀的主要机制,矿床属于典型的中浅成造山型金矿床。

A New Organic Up-conversion Laser Dye HEASPS

A new organic dye, trans-4-[p-(N-hydroxyethyl-N-ethylamino)styryl]-N-methyl- pyridinium p-toluene sulfonate (HEASPS) has been synthesized and its structure has been determined. Pumped with a 1064 nm, 50 ps laser pulses, 0.05 mol/L HEASPS/DMF solution showed the two-photon pumped (TPP) output/input efficiency of 9.1% which is higher than that of known TPP laser dyes trans-4-[p-(N-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino) styryl]-N-methylpyridinium iodide (ASPI) and trans-4-[p-(N-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino) styryl]-N-methylpyridinium p-toluene sulfonate (HMASPS) at the same experimental conditions.

Quantum Path Selection and Isolated-Attosecond-Pulse Generation of H2+ with an Intense Laser Pulse and a Static Field

We theoretically investigate the high-order-harmonic generation from the H2^＋ molecular ion exposed to the combi- nation of an intense trapezoidal laser and a static field. The results show that the harmonic spectrum is obviously extended and the short quantum path is selected to contribute to the spectrum, because the corresponding long path is seriously suppressed. Then the combined Coulomb and laser field potentials and the time-dependent electron wave packet distributions are applied to illustrate the physical mechanism of high-order harmonic gen- eration. Finally, by adjusting the intensity of the static field and superposing a properly selected range of the HHG spectrum, a 90-as isolated attosecond pulse is straightforwardly obtained.

Synthesis and Characterization of a New Organic Up-conversion Laser Dye HMASPS

A new organic dye, trans-4-[4'-(N-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino)styryl]-N-methylpyridinium p-toluene sulfonate (HMASPS) has been synthesized and its structure has been determined. Pumped with a 1064 nm, 50 ps laser pulses, 0.05 mol/L HMASPS/DMF solution showed the two-photon pumped (TPP) output/input efficiency of 8.4% which is higher than that of trans-4-[p-(N-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino) styryl]-N-methylpyridinium iodide (ASPI)(1) at the same pump level.

Laser absorption spectroscopy for high temperature H_2O time-history measurement at 2.55 μm during oxidation of hydrogen

Concentration time-histories of H20 were measured behind reflected shock waves during hydrogen combustion. Experiments were conducted at temperatures of 1117-1282 K, the equivalence ratios of 0.5 and 0.25, and a pressure at 2 atm using a mixture of H2/O2 highly diluted with argon. H2O was monitored using tunable mid-infrared diode laser absorption at 2.55 μm （3920.09 cm-1）. These time-histories provide kinetic targets to test and refine reaction mechanisms for hydrogen. Comparisons were made with the predictions of four detailed kinetic mechanisms published in the last four years. Such comparisons of H2O concentration profiles indicate that the AramcoMech 2.0 mechanism yields the best agreement with the experimental data, while CRECK, San Diego, and HP-Mech mechanisms show significantly poor predictions. Reaction pathway analysis for hydrogen oxidation indicates that the reaction H ＋ OH ＋ M = H20 ＋ M is the key reaction for controlling the H2O formation by hydrogen oxidation. It is inferred that the discrepancy of the conversion percentage from H to H20 among these four mechanisms induces the difference of performance on H2O time-history predictions. This work demonstrates the potential of time-history measurement for validation of large reaction mechanisms.

Charge Resonance Enhanced Multiple Ionization of H2O Molecules in Intense Laser Fields

We perform a kinetically complete measurement on the fragmentation of Coulomb explosion of 1-120 molecules in intense few-cycle linearly and circularly polarized laser fields. Both the fragmentations of 1t203＋ and H204＋ reveal the concerted pathway of dissociation. The length of the OH bond prior to the Coulomb explosion of both molecular ions is sensitive to the laser pulse duration and laser intensity. However, the bending angle of H-O-H is less sensitive to the pulse duration and laser intensity. We introduce the mechanism of charge resonance enhanced double ionization to elucidate the triple （or quadruple） dissociative ionization dynamics of H20, in which two electrons are non-adiabatically localized at the protons of the precursor ion H2O^＋ （or H2O^2＋） and are released simultaneously due to the over barrier ionization in the combined laser field and molecular ionic potential. Such charge resonance enhanced multiple ionization is not suppressed in few-cycle laser fields and elliptically polarized laser fields.

TIME-RESOLVED IR STUDIES OF UV LASER FLASH PHOTOLYSIS OF W(CO)_6 IN C_6H_(12)-CCl_4 AND CCl_4 SOLUTION

Time-resolved IR absorption spectroscopy has been used to atudy the photochemistry of W(CO)_6 in cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, and the mixture of carbon tetrachloride and cyelohexane. The reastion of photolytically generated W(CO)_5. C_6H_(12) with CCl_4 was investigated. An intermediate with a lifetime of about 0.5ms, presumably attributed as W(GO)_5.CCl_4, was first observed.

激光熔覆(Ni60+NbC)+h-BN@Cu涂层组织与性能研究

目的通过添加铜包覆六方氮化硼(h-BN@Cu)粉末,改善激光熔覆Ni基NbC涂层的性能。方法采用激光熔覆技术,使用添加不同质量分数铜包覆六方氮化硼的镍基碳化铌复合粉末,在45钢基体表面沉积镍基复合涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)设备,研究h-BN@Cu对Ni60/NbC的激光熔覆镍基复合涂层微观结构的影响,利用显微硬度计和布鲁克UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机及白光干涉模块,测量熔覆层的显微硬度、摩擦磨损系数和磨痕宽度。结果熔覆层中的主相为Ni-Cr-Fe,除此之外还存在FeNi_(3)、CrB、M_(7)C_(3)、NbC、M_(23)C_(6)、Cr_(2)Nb等多种相。研究发现,添加的润滑相h-BN@Cu与硬质相NbC会发生部分分解,Nb原子和B原子进入熔池,与熔池中的Cr原子反应,生成CrB、Cr_(2)Nb等,这些金属间化合物具有硬度高、耐磨性好等特点。当h-BN@Cu的质量分数为10%时,熔覆层的显微硬度为650HV1.0,摩擦系数为0.4,磨痕宽度为0.406 mm。结论相比于不添加h-BN@Cu的Ni60/NbC熔覆层,添加h-BN@Cu的Ni60/NbC熔覆层的平均硬度略微下降,但熔覆层硬质相分布更加均匀,此时硬度仍为45钢基体硬度的3.1倍,摩擦系数降低约27%,磨痕宽度减小约21%。

Fighting Climatic Change by NASEM with Help of Non-thermal Optical Laser Pressure

For de-carbonisation of chemical energy generation,the use of ten million times higher nuclear energy per reaction is considered by the report of NASEM(National Academies of Science,Engineering and Medicine)of the USA.This is considered with nuclear fusion reactions needing thermal pressures at many million degrees.This difficulty can be overcome by recent results of non-thermal pressures from very extreme CPA(Chirped Pulse Acceleration)laser pressures,with the clean fusion of hydrogen and boron=11 eliminating nuclear radiation problems.

A Comparative Study of Fabrication of Long Wavelength Diode Lasers Using CCl2F2/O2 and H2/CH4

We report comparatively on fabrication of two-section ridge-waveguide tapered 3 quantum well (QW) InGaAsP/InP (1300 nm) and 5 QW AlGaInAs/InP (1550 nm) diode lasers. Gas mixtures of CCl2F2/O2 and H2/CH4 were used to form ridge-waveguide on the lasers with InP-based material structures. As known, chlorine- and hydro-carbon based gases are used to fabricate ridge-waveguide structures. Here, we show the difference between the structures obtained by using the both gas mixtures in which surface and sidewall structures as well as performance of the lasers were analysed using scanning electron microscopy. It is demonstrated that gas mixtures of CCl2F2/O2 highly deteriorated the etched structures although different flow rates, rf powers and base pressures were tried. We also show that the structures etched with H2/CH4 gas mixtures produced much better results that led to the successful fabrication of two-section devices with ridge-waveguide. The lasers fabricated using H2/CH4 were characterized using output power-current (P-I) and spectral results.

Inhomogeneous Dielectric Target Properties for Increased Non-thermal Pressure in Laser Boron Fusion by CPA-Pulses

Based on the documentation of the invited paper and the subsequent discussion at a virtual conference,discoveries are indicated,which are summarized in the following paper for further evaluation on the topic of non-thermal forces using terms of extremely powerful components of Maxwell’s stress tensor at the interaction of CPA(chirped pulse amplification)laser pulses in the fusion plasmas of hydrogen with the isotope 11 of boron.This is caused by a recoil mechanism given by the Fresnel formulas of the suppression of the reflectivity of inhomogeneous plasma given by optical constants of the plasma properties.

东昆仑造山带海德乌拉铀矿床成矿流体特征研究

东昆仑造山带海德乌拉铀矿床是近些年西北地区最新探明的与火山岩有关的独立铀矿床,该矿床的发现为东昆仑造山带探寻热液型铀矿床提供了指示意义。本文选择与海德乌拉铀矿成矿期相关的透明矿物(粉红色方解石、紫黑色萤石及石英)作为研究对象,系统地开展C-H-O同位素和流体包裹体研究,查明该矿床成矿流体的来源与性质,并探讨矿床成因。研究结果表明,海德乌拉铀矿床成矿期石英中主要为H2O气液两相包裹体,少见CO_(2)-H2O两相包裹体;在粉红色方解石脉、紫黑色萤石脉中流体包裹体均含H_(2)O气液两相包裹体,在粉红色方解石脉中偶见纯液相包裹体,均未见到纯气相及含固相包裹体。成矿期粉红色方解石、紫黑色萤石及石英中包裹体均一温度范围分别为133~187℃(均值163℃)、127~204℃(均值169℃)、183~287℃(均值219℃),盐度范围分别为1.40%~7.02%NaCleq(均值3.65%NaCleq)、0.53%~3.06%NaCleq(均值1.26%NaCleq)、7.17%~17.26%NaCleq(均值为11.46%NaCleq)。流体包裹体气相成分以H_(2)O为主,另含少量CO_(2)等。C-H-O同位素实验数据表明,流体中δ^(13)CFluid-V-PDB、δDFluid-V-SMOW、δ^(18)OFluid-V-SMOW值的变化范围分别为1.59‰~1.00‰、71‰~63‰、0.03‰~3.72‰,表明成矿流体并非单一来源,可能为大气降水与岩浆水混合来源。此外,沥青铀矿的沉淀主要是由于流体与围岩的相互反应所引起的物理化学条件变化加上流体沸腾/CO_(2)去气,最终导致了沥青铀矿等成矿物质发生大规模的卸载与沉淀。

Effect of heat treatment on microstructural evolution,mechanical properties and tribological properties of H13 steel prepared using selective laser melting

H13 tool steel was successfully prepared by selective laser melting(SLM)technology.The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and tribological properties of SLMed H13 steel were investigated.The heat treatment process involved a solution treatment and a double aging treatment of the deposited H13 tool steel prepared by SLM.The aim is to optimize the microstructure and mechanical properties of SLMed H13 steel.Due to the rapid heating and cooling effects of SLM,carbide precipitation in the deposited H13 steel was not uniform and residual stresses were present.The purpose of the solution treatment is to dissolve the solution at a high temperature to eliminate the residual stresses and defects introduced by the SLM-forming structure.The solution treatment and first aging treatment produced the precipitation of small carbides at the grain boundaries and inside the crystals,which increased the hardness of SLMed H13 steel.The hardness increased from 538±4.0 HV of the as-deposited sample to 548±5.8 HV of samples after the first aging treatment.Accordingly,the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation at break decreased from 1882 MPa and 11.5%in the as-deposited sample to 1697 MPa and 7.9%in those after the first aging treatment,respectively.Furthermore,the friction coefficient and wear rate in the as-deposited sample decreased from 0.5160 and 2.36×10^(–6)mm^(−3)N^(−1)m^(−1)to 0.4244 and 1.04×10^(–6)mm^(−3)N^(−1)m^(−1),respectively.However,the distribution of carbides inside the crystals was not uniform.The second aging treatment adjusted the morphology of carbide precipitation and made it more uniform,but the precipitation of carbides grew and settled at the bottom of the grain boundaries.The hardness decreased to 533±6.7 HV compared with that with the first aging treatment,but the ultimate tensile strength and plasticity reached a balance(1807 MPa,14.05%).Accordingly,the friction coefficient and wear rate also showed a stable and decreasing trend(0.4407,0.98×10^(–6)mm^(−3)N^(−1)m^(−1)).

激光增材制造H13钢及回火处理的组织和性能

利用激光增材制造技术成功制备了H13钢,并研究了回火处理对其显微组织和性能的影响。通过光学显微镜、SEM以及XRD衍射仪对各试样进行分析。结果表明,激光增材制造H13钢显微组织主要为马氏体、残余奥氏体以及细小碳化物,回火处理使得马氏体向回火马氏体转变,同时有细小合金碳化物析出。当回火温度超过550℃时,碳化物开始粗化。随回火温度升高,显微硬度呈先升后降的趋势。550℃回火后,试样硬度达到峰值600 HV_(0.3)。摩擦磨损测试结果表明,不同处理状态下各试样主要以粘着磨损为主,同时包含轻微氧化磨损。与沉积态试样相比,550℃回火后,试样耐磨性提高了2倍;650℃回火2 h后,由于基体软化,试样的耐磨性能最差。拉伸测试表明,当回火温度低于550℃时,断口主要以解理断裂为主,550℃回火时抗拉强度最大,为1 928.2 MPa,延伸率为6.4%;当回火温度升高到600~650℃时,断口呈现出韧性断裂,抗拉强度降低,延伸率增大。