微动H/V谱比,即地表记录的不同频率地震背景噪声的水平分量与垂直分量的比值.在工程地震领域,通常用V表示微动记录的垂直分量,用H表示微动记录的水平分量,测得作为频率函数的H/V谱比曲线后,依据一定的关系(通常是经验的),建立H/V谱比曲...微动H/V谱比,即地表记录的不同频率地震背景噪声的水平分量与垂直分量的比值.在工程地震领域,通常用V表示微动记录的垂直分量,用H表示微动记录的水平分量,测得作为频率函数的H/V谱比曲线后,依据一定的关系(通常是经验的),建立H/V谱比曲线的峰值与地层结构基阶共振频率之间的关系,从而估计沉积层厚度或场地放大因子,有时也称为HVSR(Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio)或QTS(Quasi Transfer Spectrum)方法.由于微动中波型成分的物理来源模糊不清,其主导能量究竟是Rayleigh波、S波或者其它波型成分存在争议,因此,虽然在工程地震领域获得了广泛应用,微动H/V谱比法仍然缺乏严格的理论解释.这导致该方法趋于两个方向发展:一是从地震记录中,识别出Rayleigh波能量,计算Rayleigh波的ZH幅度比,又称Rayleigh波椭率(ellipticity).之所以称为Rayleigh波ZH幅度比,是因为在地震层析成像领域,V常用来表示Rayleigh波水平分量的特征函数,多用Z表示Rayleigh波的垂直分量.作为独立变量,Rayleigh波ZH幅度比对浅层速度结构更为敏感,在区域尺度地震层析成像领域获得广泛应用,用于弥补单独相(群)速度对浅层结构,尤其是沉积层结构约束不够的缺点.这种方法意味着H/V谱比曲线中的主要能量是Rayleigh波,除了在区域尺度与Rayleigh波的频散和(或)接收函数联合反演地球结构之外,在工程物探领域,也利用Rayleigh波椭率反演近地表S波速度结构.基于H/V谱比曲线的峰值推断场地响应的理论假设是SH波占据微动的主导能量,这与微动观测记录通常由Rayleigh波能量占据主导地位的情况不符,因此H/V谱比法的另一个研究方向是发展不同的背景噪声源模型,考虑可能贡献的背景噪声能量,解释H/V谱比曲线.这样就避免了微动记录的主导成分是面波还是体波的争论,发展更适合或接近实际记录的微动模型解释H/V谱比曲线,该方向的发展是伴随地震干涉理论的发展而逐步发展起来的.我们曾经对区域尺度的(地震事件或背景噪声)Rayleigh波ZH幅度比的研究和应用进行了评述.本文主要评述微动H/V谱比法在工程地震领域和近地表S波速度结构反演中的应用及相应的理论解释.包括基于SH波共振频率解释的微动H/V谱比法估计场地特征,基于Rayleigh波占据微动主导能量的Rayleigh波椭率在反演近地表速度结构中的应用,以及为解释实际微动H/V谱比曲线而发展的背景噪声源模型.展开更多
In recent years, predictions of damage from earthquakes have been made on a prefectural scale, and expectations exist that more detailed damage forecasts should be made even on a city/town/village scale. It is importa...In recent years, predictions of damage from earthquakes have been made on a prefectural scale, and expectations exist that more detailed damage forecasts should be made even on a city/town/village scale. It is important to know detailed ground characteristics to do damage prediction on a fine scale. Using GIS is the best way to communicate this planar disaster prevention information to the general public. Yokohama City is the second largest city in Japan and developed as part of the capital region of Metropolitan Tokyo. Recently, the population of this city has reached about 3,000,000, and economic and cultural facilities, social infrastructure, and residential complexes are concentrated in this city. The capital region, including Yokohama City, was attacked by the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake (M7.9) and Yokohama City was devastated by this earthquake. From the research so far, it is known that the H/V spectrum obtained from microtremor observation has a good correlation with the ground characteristics. The authors have been conducting high-density tremor observations that have been ongoing since the 1990s, mainly in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Here, we have organized the predominant periods obtained from the observation results for Yokohama City. The entirety of Yokohama City was divided into 250 m × 250 m meshes and their centers were used as microtremor observation sites. Excluding sites that could not be used due to geographical conditions, observations were made at approximately 5700 sites. So, we compared the data obtained separately, such as the period, terrain classification, and amplification characteristics. The distribution maps of predominant periods in Yokohama City show that the city contains a lot of artificially transformed land, and consequently, the distribution of predominant periods is not uniform. However, it can be seen that the periods become gradually longer, moving from the higher elevation eastern part toward the lower elevation western part. Investigation of the site amplification factors and detailed topographical classifications indicates a clear correlation with the predominant period distribution.展开更多
In this study,the Beibu earth fissure site in the northeastern part of Weihe Basin,which contains four nearly parallel earth fissures,was studied.A long straight microtremor measuring line,containing 49 measuring poin...In this study,the Beibu earth fissure site in the northeastern part of Weihe Basin,which contains four nearly parallel earth fissures,was studied.A long straight microtremor measuring line,containing 49 measuring points across four earth fissures,was established to investigate the dynamic response of this site using Fourier spectrum,response acceleration spectrum,Arias intensity,and HVSR analyses.The main results are as follows:(1)The fundamental frequencies of 44 measuring points obtained from HVSR analysis are concentrated within 1.67 Hz-2.25 Hz,and the existence of the earth fissures has little effect on the fundamental frequency changes.(2)There is an amplification effect near a single earth fissure.The dynamic responses are large at the measuring points near the earth fissure,and the values decrease with increasing distance from the earth fissure.In areas between two adjacent earth fissures,these values decrease and are even lower than those in sites without amplification effects.(3)In this earth fissure site,the general area(or less affected area)and affected areas were delineated based on the amplification effect.In engineering applications,construction design should avoid these affected areas and existing structures should be reinforced to satisfy the seismic fortification requirements.展开更多
文摘微动H/V谱比,即地表记录的不同频率地震背景噪声的水平分量与垂直分量的比值.在工程地震领域,通常用V表示微动记录的垂直分量,用H表示微动记录的水平分量,测得作为频率函数的H/V谱比曲线后,依据一定的关系(通常是经验的),建立H/V谱比曲线的峰值与地层结构基阶共振频率之间的关系,从而估计沉积层厚度或场地放大因子,有时也称为HVSR(Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio)或QTS(Quasi Transfer Spectrum)方法.由于微动中波型成分的物理来源模糊不清,其主导能量究竟是Rayleigh波、S波或者其它波型成分存在争议,因此,虽然在工程地震领域获得了广泛应用,微动H/V谱比法仍然缺乏严格的理论解释.这导致该方法趋于两个方向发展:一是从地震记录中,识别出Rayleigh波能量,计算Rayleigh波的ZH幅度比,又称Rayleigh波椭率(ellipticity).之所以称为Rayleigh波ZH幅度比,是因为在地震层析成像领域,V常用来表示Rayleigh波水平分量的特征函数,多用Z表示Rayleigh波的垂直分量.作为独立变量,Rayleigh波ZH幅度比对浅层速度结构更为敏感,在区域尺度地震层析成像领域获得广泛应用,用于弥补单独相(群)速度对浅层结构,尤其是沉积层结构约束不够的缺点.这种方法意味着H/V谱比曲线中的主要能量是Rayleigh波,除了在区域尺度与Rayleigh波的频散和(或)接收函数联合反演地球结构之外,在工程物探领域,也利用Rayleigh波椭率反演近地表S波速度结构.基于H/V谱比曲线的峰值推断场地响应的理论假设是SH波占据微动的主导能量,这与微动观测记录通常由Rayleigh波能量占据主导地位的情况不符,因此H/V谱比法的另一个研究方向是发展不同的背景噪声源模型,考虑可能贡献的背景噪声能量,解释H/V谱比曲线.这样就避免了微动记录的主导成分是面波还是体波的争论,发展更适合或接近实际记录的微动模型解释H/V谱比曲线,该方向的发展是伴随地震干涉理论的发展而逐步发展起来的.我们曾经对区域尺度的(地震事件或背景噪声)Rayleigh波ZH幅度比的研究和应用进行了评述.本文主要评述微动H/V谱比法在工程地震领域和近地表S波速度结构反演中的应用及相应的理论解释.包括基于SH波共振频率解释的微动H/V谱比法估计场地特征,基于Rayleigh波占据微动主导能量的Rayleigh波椭率在反演近地表速度结构中的应用,以及为解释实际微动H/V谱比曲线而发展的背景噪声源模型.
文摘In recent years, predictions of damage from earthquakes have been made on a prefectural scale, and expectations exist that more detailed damage forecasts should be made even on a city/town/village scale. It is important to know detailed ground characteristics to do damage prediction on a fine scale. Using GIS is the best way to communicate this planar disaster prevention information to the general public. Yokohama City is the second largest city in Japan and developed as part of the capital region of Metropolitan Tokyo. Recently, the population of this city has reached about 3,000,000, and economic and cultural facilities, social infrastructure, and residential complexes are concentrated in this city. The capital region, including Yokohama City, was attacked by the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake (M7.9) and Yokohama City was devastated by this earthquake. From the research so far, it is known that the H/V spectrum obtained from microtremor observation has a good correlation with the ground characteristics. The authors have been conducting high-density tremor observations that have been ongoing since the 1990s, mainly in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Here, we have organized the predominant periods obtained from the observation results for Yokohama City. The entirety of Yokohama City was divided into 250 m × 250 m meshes and their centers were used as microtremor observation sites. Excluding sites that could not be used due to geographical conditions, observations were made at approximately 5700 sites. So, we compared the data obtained separately, such as the period, terrain classification, and amplification characteristics. The distribution maps of predominant periods in Yokohama City show that the city contains a lot of artificially transformed land, and consequently, the distribution of predominant periods is not uniform. However, it can be seen that the periods become gradually longer, moving from the higher elevation eastern part toward the lower elevation western part. Investigation of the site amplification factors and detailed topographical classifications indicates a clear correlation with the predominant period distribution.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.41772275the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.CHD300102268203。
文摘In this study,the Beibu earth fissure site in the northeastern part of Weihe Basin,which contains four nearly parallel earth fissures,was studied.A long straight microtremor measuring line,containing 49 measuring points across four earth fissures,was established to investigate the dynamic response of this site using Fourier spectrum,response acceleration spectrum,Arias intensity,and HVSR analyses.The main results are as follows:(1)The fundamental frequencies of 44 measuring points obtained from HVSR analysis are concentrated within 1.67 Hz-2.25 Hz,and the existence of the earth fissures has little effect on the fundamental frequency changes.(2)There is an amplification effect near a single earth fissure.The dynamic responses are large at the measuring points near the earth fissure,and the values decrease with increasing distance from the earth fissure.In areas between two adjacent earth fissures,these values decrease and are even lower than those in sites without amplification effects.(3)In this earth fissure site,the general area(or less affected area)and affected areas were delineated based on the amplification effect.In engineering applications,construction design should avoid these affected areas and existing structures should be reinforced to satisfy the seismic fortification requirements.
