Coordinated Capacitor Voltage Balancing Method for Cascaded H-bridge Inverter with Supercapacitor and DC-DC Stage

Cascaded H-bridge inverter(CHBI) with supercapacitors(SCs) and dc-dc stage shows significant promise for medium to high voltage energy storage applications. This paper investigates the voltage balance of capacitors within the CHBI, including both the dc-link capacitors and SCs. Balance control over the dc-link capacitor voltages is realized by the dcdc stage in each submodule(SM), while a hybrid modulation strategy(HMS) is implemented in the H-bridge to balance the SC voltages among the SMs. Meanwhile, the dc-link voltage fluctuations are analyzed under the HMS. A virtual voltage variable is introduced to coordinate the balancing of dc-link capacitor voltages and SC voltages. Compared to the balancing method that solely considers the SC voltages, the presented method reduces the dc-link voltage fluctuations without affecting the voltage balance of SCs. Finally, both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the presented method.

Model Predictive Control for Cascaded H-Bridge PV Inverter with Capacitor Voltage Balance

We designed an improved direct-current capacitor voltage balancing control model predictive control(MPC)for single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel photovoltaic(PV)inverters.Compared with conventional voltage balanc-ing control methods,the method proposed could make the PV strings of each submodule operate at their maximum power point by independent capacitor voltage control.Besides,the predicted and reference value of the grid-connected current was obtained according to the maximum power output of the maximum power point tracking.A cost function was con-structed to achieve the high-precision grid-connected control of the CHB inverter.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control method was verified through a semi-physical simulation platform with three submodules.

Symmetrical dynamical characteristic of peak and valley current-mode controlled single-phase H-bridge inverter

Complex dynamical phenomenon was studied in the single phase H-bridge inverter which was controlled by either a peak current or a valley current. The state functions and the discrete iterative map equations were established to analyze the dynamical phenomenon in the single phase H-bridge inverter. The dynamical characteristics of the single phase H- bridge inverter, such as time domain waveform diagram, bifurcation diagram, and folding map, were obtained by using the numerical calculation when the circuit parameters varied in specific range. Moreover, the simulation results were obtained by using the OrCAD-PSpice software to validate the numerical calculation. Both the numerical calculation and the circuit simulation show that the symmetrical dynamical phenomenon occurs in the single phase H-bridge inverter controlled by the peak current or the valley current.

Research of Mining STATCOM Based on Hybrid Multilevel H-bridge Inverter

The paper presents a new STATCOM system based on H-bridge inverter. It can be used in mine power network. It has been commonly verified for the positive effects of SVG on the reactive power compensation and voltage fluctuation suppression. This paper focuses on a generalized structure of multilevel power converter where individual voltage sources are not necessarily the same. The cascade H-bridge consists of two cells, high-voltage cell and low-voltage cell. The high-voltage cell is responsible for voltage lifting, while the low-voltage cell is responsible for PWM modulation. If two cells are cascaded with DC voltages in a ratio of 2:1, the single-phase output voltage can reach 7 levels. Increasing voltage levels of output waveform can bring up AC current quality, optimize harmonic spectrum and enhance converter efficiency. The hybrid multilevel is characterized by per-phase series connection of a high-voltage H-bridge converter and a low-voltage H-bridge converter. Due to the different capacitor voltage, it is a key problem as to how to maintain the capacitor’s voltage at a reference level. Independent DC source can effectively ensure the DC voltage. Through the reactive power compensation technology, the three-phase voltage and current can remain at the same phase.

THD Analysis of Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter with Fuzzy Logic Controller

In recent days, the multilevel inverter technology is widely applied to domestic and industrial applications for medium voltage conversion. But, the power quality issues of the multilevel inverter limit the usage of much sensitive equipment like medical instruments. The lower distortion level of the output voltage and current can generate a quality sinusoidal output voltage in inverters and they can be used for many applications. The harmonics can cause major problems in equipments due to the nonlinear loads connected with the power system. So, it is necessary to minimize the losses to raise its overall efficiency. In this paper, a new topology of seven level asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with a Fuzzy logic controller had been implemented to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and to improve the overall performance of the inverter. The proposed model is well suited for use with a solar PV application. In this topology, only six IGBT switches are used with three different voltage ratings of PV modules (1:2:4). The lower number of semiconductor switches leads to minimizing overall di/dt ratings and voltage stress on each switches and switching losses. The gate pulses generated by Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique with a Fuzzy logic controller are also introduced. A buck-boost converter is used to maintain the constant PV voltage level integrated by an MPPT technique followed by Perturb and Observer algorithm is also implemented. The MPPT is used to harness the maximum power of solar radiations under its various climatic conditions. The new topology is evaluated by a Matlab/Simulink model and compared with a hardware model. The results proved that the THD achieved by this topology is 1.66% and realized that it meets the IEEE harmonic standards.

Capacitor Pattern H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CPHMLI) Using Phase Diposition Pulse Width Modulation for Grid Applications

This work presents an implementation of an innovative single phase multilevel inverter using capacitors with reduced switches. The proposed Capacitor pattern H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CPHMLI) topology consists of a proper number of Capacitor connected with switches and power sources. The advanced switching control supplied by Pulse Width Modulation (PDPWM) to attain mixed staircase switching state. The charging and discharging mode are achieved by calculating the voltage error at the load. Furthermore, to accomplish the higher voltage levels at the output with less number of semiconductors switches and simple commutation designed using CPHMLI topology. To prove the performance and effectiveness of the proposed approach, a set of experiments performed under various load conditions using MATLAB tool.

Topological Comparison and Analysis of Medium-voltage and High-power Direct-linked PV Inverter

Among all the renewable energy sources,the installed capacity of solar power generation is the fastest growing in recent years,so photovoltaic(PV)power generation still has great market potential.Compared with low-power systems,large-scale PV systems are more commercially attractive,because they can reduce the cost of the system per watt.The PV inverters with centralized and string structure have been applied in large-scale PV plant,but it is difficult to further increase the voltage and power levels for a single converter.In addition,the line-frequency isolation transformer requires a large amount of materials and has a large volume and weight.Therefore,it is a current trend for large-scale PV system to increase the voltage and power levels to directly connect to the medium-voltage power grid.Based on this,this paper investigates and compares several topologies of PV inverters without line-frequency transformer,including the MMC structure and the three-phase cascaded H-bridge(CHB)structure,which are able to directly connect to the 35kV medium-voltage power grid,and can not only make the voltage and power levels higher,but also further reduce the cost and volume of the whole system.

A New Structure of Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Number of Switches for Electric Vehicle Applications

Both Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) need a traction motor and a power in-verter to drive the traction motor. The requirements for the power inverter include high peak power, opti-mum consumption of energy, low output harmonics and inexpensive circuit. In this paper, a new structure of multilevel inverter with reduced number of switches is proposed for electric vehicle applications. It consists of an H-bridge and an inverter in each phase which produces multilevel voltage by switching the dc voltage sources in series. As the number of switches are reduced, both conduction and switching losses will be de-creased, which leads to increase the efficiency of converter. The size and power consumption of driving cir-cuits are also reduced. The proposed three phase inverter can produces more number of voltage levels in the same number of the voltage source and reduced number of switches compared to the conventional inverters. This structure minimizes the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage waveforms. The structure of proposed multilevel inverter, modulation method, switching losses, THD calculation and simulation re-sults with PSCAD/EMTDC software are shown in this paper.

Neural Network and Fuzzy Control Based 11-Level Cascaded Inverter Operation

This paper presents a combined control and modulation technique to enhance the power quality(PQ)and power reliability(PR)of a hybrid energy system(HES)through a single-phase 11-level cascaded H-bridge inverter(11-CHBI).The controller and inverter specifically regulate the HES and meet the load demand.To track optimum power,a Modified Perturb and Observe(MP&O)technique is used for HES.Ultra-capacitor(UCAP)based energy storage device and a novel current control strategy are proposed to provide additional active power support during both voltage sag and swell conditions.For an improved PQ and PR,a two-way current control strategy such as the main controller(MC)and auxiliary controller(AC)is suggested for the 11-CHBI operation.MC is used to regulate the active current component through the fuzzy controller(FC),and AC is used to regulate the dc-link voltage of CHBI through a neural network-based PI controller(ANN-PI).By tracking the reference signals fromMC and AC,a novel hybrid pulse widthmodulation(HPWM)technique is proposed for the 11-CHBI operation.To justify and analyze the MATLAB/Simulink software-based designed model,the robust controller performance is tested through numerous steady-state and dynamic state case studies.

Design and Evaluation of Solar Inverter for Different Power Factor Loads

This paper analyzes and compares the performance of a new inverter topology with two types of input sources: 1) Solar PV source and 2) Ideal dc source (battery). The simulation is done in SIMULINK/MATLAB Software. It is shown that when the solar panel is connected, spikes are obtained in output voltage waveforms. These spikes are eliminated by inserting a capacitor. The capacitor is chosen for a particular power factor which is optimum with respect to cost, size and power quality. Total Harmonic Distortion, Active Power, Reactive Power, RMS Voltage and RMS Current are measured for different load power factor. Finally these results are compared with those obtained using battery with same input voltage magnitude. This Paper shows that for Solar Panel Circuit, THD, P and Q are less for 0.8 and above power factor, however below 0.8 PF, the THD, active and reactive power transfer are more. This means that the performance of Solar Panel in the proposed circuit topology is seen to be better as compared to the same circuit with battery within a range of power factor.

Minimization of Switching Devices and Driver Circuits in Multilevel Inverter

The various configurations of multilevel inverter involve the use of more numbers of switching devices, energy storage devices and/or unidirectional devices. Each switching unit necessitates the add-on driver circuit for proper functionality. Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter requires overlapped switching pulses for the switching devices in positive and negative arms of the bridge which may lead to short circuit during the device failure. This work addresses the problems in different configurations of multilevel inverter by using reduced number of switching and energy storage devices and driver circuits. In the present approach Single Switch is used for each stair case positive output and single H-Bridge for phase reversal. Driver circuits are reduced by using the property of body diode of the MOSFET. Switching pulses are generated by Arduino Development Board. The circuit is simulated using Matlab. More so, through experimental means, it is physically tested and results are analyzed for the 5-step inverter and thereby simulation is fully validated. Consequently, cycloconverter operation of the circuit is simulated using Matlab. Moreover, half bridge configuration of the multilevel inverter is also analyzed for high frequency induction heating applications.

基于CHB逆变器的岸电系统大功率变频电源

针对船舶岸电系统电源的特殊要求,设计一种基于13电平级联H桥逆变器的大功率变频电源。给出移相变压器绕组参数的计算及36脉波整流系统对消除网侧谐波电流的公式推导;阐述移相载波控制在大功率变频电源中的优势以及逆变器输出侧集成滤波装置的具体要求;利用MATLAB/Simulink建立岸基电源系统模型,对大功率变频电源进行仿真实验,对比集成滤波器前后大功率变频电源的输出电压波形失真度和谐波特性。仿真结果表明:36脉波整流系统对消除网侧谐波电流有显著效果,集成低通滤波器的大功率变频电源的输出电压波形失真度和谐波特性良好,与传统大功率变频电源相比具有一定的优越性。

Evaluation of 1.2 kV SiC MOSFETs in Multilevel Cascaded H-bridge Three-phase Inverter for Medium-voltage Grid Applications

A study is conducted to evaluate 1.2 kV silicon-carbide(SiC)MOSFETs in a cascaded H-bridge(CHB)three-phase inverter for medium-voltage applications.The main purpose of this topology is to remove the need for a bulky 60 Hz transformer normally used to step up the output signal of a voltage source inverter to a medium-voltage level.Using SiC devices(1.2-6.5 kV SiC MOSFETs)which have a high breakdown voltage,enables the system to meet and withstand the medium-voltage stress using only a minimal number of cascaded modules.The SiC-based power electronics when used in the presented topology considerably reduce the complexity usually encountered when Si devices are used to meet the medium-voltage level and power scalability.Simulation and preliminary experimental results on a low-voltage prototype verifies the nine-level CHB topology presented in this study.

CHB逆变器3N+1与SVM容错切换

多电平逆变器的开关器件一旦发生故障,会造成输出电压不对称,系统运行负担加剧等不良影响。将3N+1冗余和空间矢量调制(SVM)应用于多电平级联H桥(CHB)逆变器实现开关故障的容错控制,平衡故障引起的直流偏移,稳定逆变器的运行。根据不同开关故障类型的无效空间矢量分布,判断是否需要插入冗余单元以及冗余单元是否发挥直流电压的作用,再选择有效开关状态控制开关器件的通断平衡线电压和负载电压。提出的方案能够提高故障CHB逆变器的最大输出电压和可靠性。仿真和实验结果验证了提出的容错策略的有效性。

扩大级联光伏逆变器运行范围的谐波补偿控制

随着户用型光伏产业的不断发展,级联H桥CHB(cascaded H-bridge)逆变器因其模块化的结构,能实现组件级关断、组件级最大功率点跟踪MPPT(maximum power point tracking)和多电平输出等优势,受到了户用型光伏研究领域的关注。但由于实际光伏组件会老化或被遮挡,各单元输出功率不再相同,部分模块会出现过调制问题,影响了并网电流质量,甚至难以维持系统稳定。针对此问题,提出一种谐波补偿的控制策略,并设计补偿谐波的分配方法。对比现有方法,所提方法能进一步扩大CHB逆变器运行范围,且在不损失系统发电量的条件下仍运行于单位功率因数,还能保证并网电流的THD要求。最后通过仿真和实验验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于MPDPWM与CPSPWM组合调制策略的级联H桥光伏逆变器漏电流抑制方法

提出一种改进的载波层叠与载波移相组合的调制策略,通过载波层叠调制消除寄生电容电压之和的高频分量,可有效抑制系统漏电流,并可同时保留载波移相调制易于模块化的优势。仿真结果和实验结果均已验证所提调制策略的有效性。

一种新型的混合级联多电平逆变器

在中高压大功率场合级联H桥多电平逆变器受到了越来越多的关注。混合级联多电平逆变器是传统级联多电平逆变器拓扑的改进,它的直流侧电压幅值不同。混合级联多电平逆变器最大的优点是在得到相同电平数目的情况下,大大减少了独立直流电源的数目。但是,在一些应用场合,直流电源只能为一个。针对这个问题,在直流侧加入高频环节,得到了一种新型的混合级联多电平逆变器,实现了单直流电源供电,而且这种逆变器的输出电压THD较低,系统体积小。文中首先介绍了基于高频环节混合级联多电平逆变器的电路结构,分析了该结构功率分布问题,针对最近电平逼近调制策略下的输出电压低次谐波较大的问题,改进了控制方法,最后通过软件仿真验证了改进控制方法的可行性。

七电平级联逆变器调制技术的研究

首先介绍了H桥级联七电平逆变器拓扑结构和移相调制(Phase-Shifted Modulation,简称PSM)技术的基本原理,然后通过Matlab/Simulink/Powersystem仿真软件对级联半桥逆变器(Cascade Half-Bridge Inverter,简称CHBI)的运行特性进行了仿真研究。由于七电平CHBI是由6个等幅等频、且相位依次相差60°的三角载波和正弦波相位调制产生脉冲信号,所以七电平CHBI在600Hz载波频率下可使其相电压和线电压的THD分别达到18.65%和15.31%,说明CHBI在较低的工作频率下其谐波失真亦较小。最后采用DSP装置进行了实验,验证了理论分析的正确性,证明CHBI在高压变频及电力系统柔性输配电(FACTS)等领域具有实用价值。

弱电网下级联H桥光伏并网逆变器稳定性分析

随着大规模新能源发电设备的接入,可能会形成对外呈感性的弱电网,这将影响逆变器系统的稳定性。针对级联H桥光伏并网系统,分别考虑锁相环和电压前馈的影响,对输出阻抗进行建模,并基于阻抗稳定判据分析延时时间、锁相环带宽、谐振前馈系数对并网系统稳定性的影响。最后,提出一种通过相角补偿来增强级联H桥光伏并网逆变器在弱电网条件下稳定性的控制技术。仿真和实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性及所提方法的可行性。

扩大级联H桥光伏逆变器运行范围的控制策略

受遮挡或组件表面灰尘等影响,若级联H桥光伏逆变器的H桥单元之间功率差异较大,则功率较大H桥模块可能会过调制,导致电网电流性能变差甚至系统不能正常运行。为此,提出一种改进型三次谐波补偿策略控制策略,能够在光伏组件之间输出功率严重不平衡的条件下确保系统单位功率因数运行,且并网电流的THD能够满足要求。此外,搭建Matlab/Simulink仿真模型以及数字样机系统,仿真结果和实验结果都验证了所提方法的有效性。