Extrusion process of 304L H-shaped stainless steel used in passive residual heat removal heat exchanger

304L H-shaped stainless steel is used as the support frame of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger(PRHR HX) in a nuclear fission reactor. The extrusion process is adopted to manufacture the 304L H-shaped stainless steel. Finite element method simulation is herein used to analyze metal flow characteristics, optimize the extrusion die, and predict the extrusion force at different temperatures and speeds. A Φ400-mm container and Φ388-mm forging billet are selected, and the 304L H-shaped stainless steel is successfully manufactured using a Germany SMS 60 MN horizontal extruder. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the manufactured 304L H-shaped stainless steel meet the requirements of the PRHR HX, and the surfaces of the product pass the dye penetration test. The H-shaped stainless steels are used in Haiyang nuclear power plant in Shandong Province.

Proposing a New Model of Hangers in Pedestrian Suspension Bridges to Solve Hangers Slackness Problem

The hangers of suspension bridges can be placed in two forms: vertical or inclined form. Inclined hangers are more liable to fatigue. Vertical hangers are subjected to greater fluctuations of stress resulting from bridge wind loads. To improve aerodynamic stability, inclined hangers can be used instead of vertical ones. Some inclined hangers show considerable signs of distress and some of them show slackness due to their location against loads. In this paper a pedestrian suspension bridge with vertical hangers has been studied as a case study. Then, the same bridge has been studied with inclined hangers. To reduce internal forces, fatigue and slackness in hangers, horizontal cables have been added to inclined hangers. This modification is proposed by the present authors. The added horizontal cables transfer the tensile load from overstressed hangers to adjacent slacked hangers. Three different hanger patterns have been analyzed under nonlinear static analysis for symmetrical and nonsymmetrical live load plus dead load. Results showed that the modified hanger system had been improved considerably in comparison with vertical or inclined hangers and wherever that there is no improvement some solutions have been proposed.

Seismic Behavior of Diaphragm-Through Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns and H-Shaped Steel Beams

Based on the introductions of a type of diaphragm-through connection between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) and H-shaped steel beams,a finite element model of the connection is developed and used to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection.The results of the finite element model are validated by a set of cyclic loading tests.The cyclic loading tests and the finite element analyses indicate that the failure mode of the suggested connections is plastic hinge at the beam with inelastic rotation angle exceeding 0.04 rad.The suggested connections have sufficient strength,plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacity to be used in composite moment frames as beam-to-column rigid connections.

NUCLEATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF H-SHAPED(PS)_2PEG(PS)_2 BLOCK COPOLYMERS

A series of H-shaped （PS）2PEG（PS）2 block copolymers with different PS chain lengths were prepared. The influence of different confinements active on the crystallization and self-nucleation （SN） behavior of the PEG blocks was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. When the content of the crystalline block was high, a classical SN behavior was obtained. The block copolymer with PEG content of 49% （by weight） showed a classical SN behavior with a narrow self-nucleation domain and had bimodal crystallization exotherms. When the PEG dispersed as separated microdomains in the block copolymer, the self-nucleation domain disappeared and only annealing was observed.

Rectangular Bronze Mirror with Dragon and Phoenix Pattern Decorations and Five Hangers

The back of the mirror is mainly decorated with dragon patterns,in which the head of the dragon is perking up.and the body of the dragon stretches freely.This is the largest ancient copper mirror ever seen.The bronze mirror is used to reflect the human image.SO the surface must be bright and fiat.For sucha casting with a large flat surface,it is extremely difficult to control the mirror surface without warpingdeformation.

Natural Convection in an H-Shaped Porous EnclosureFilled with a Nanofluid

This study simulates natural convection flow resulting from heat partitions in an H-shaped enclosure filled with a nanofluid using an incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics(ISPH)method.The right area of the H-shaped enclosure is saturated with non-Darcy porous media.The center variable partitions of the H-shaped enclosure walls are kept at a high-temperature Th.The left and right walls of the H-shaped enclosure are positioned at a low temperature Tc and the other walls are adiabatic.In ISPH method,the source term in pressure Poisson equation(PPE)is modified.The influences of the controlling parameters on the temperature distributions,the velocity field and average Nusselt number are discussed.The performed simulations proofed that the length of the heated partitions augments the velocity field and temperature distributions in an H-shaped enclosure.Rayleigh number rises the fluid velocity and heat transfer in an H-shaped enclosure.The porous layer on the right side of the H-shaped enclosure at a lower Darcy parameter causes a high resistance force for the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristic inside an H-shaped enclosure.Added nanoparticles reduces the velocity field and enhances the heat transfer inside an H-shaped enclosure.

Nonlinear optical properties of novel H-shaped chromophores

Novel and effective H-shaped chromophores were doped into polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） to form guest-host polymer thin films. The measurement results of Maker fringe method show that the polymer thin films containing the H-shaped chromophores as a guest exhibit high second harmonic coefficients （d33） compared with other two-dimensional chromophores.

Shake table experimental study of cable-stayed bridges with two different design strategies of H-shaped towers

As one of the main load-carrying components of cable-stayed bridges,bridge towers are typically required to remain elastic even when subjected to severe ground motions with a 2%-3%probability of exceedance in 50 years.To fulfill this special requirement imposed by current seismic design codes,reinforcement ratios in the bridge towers have to be kept significantly higher than if limited ductility behavior of the tower is allowed.In addition,since the foundation capacity is closely related to the moment and shear capacities of the bridge tower,a large increase in bridge construction cost for elastically designed cable-stayed bridge is inevitable.To further investigate the possibility of limited ductility bridge tower design strategies,a new 1/20-scale cable-stayed bridge model with H-shaped bridge towers designed according to strong strut-weak tower column design was tested.The shake table experimental results are compared with a previous strong tower column-weak strut designed full bridge model.A comparison of the results show that ductility design with plastic hinges located on tower columns,i.e.,strong strut-weak tower column design,is another effective seismic design strategy that results in only small residual displacement at the top of the tower column,even under very severe earthquake excitations.

弹簧支吊架荷载变化系数的选取与汽水管道支吊架优化设计

目前,我国火力发电厂汽水管道设计标准规定,弹簧吊架荷载变化系数不应大于25%,据此设计的管道系统恒力吊架比例过高,其荷载“非法”转移会造成管道偏离设计线运行,应力升高。分析了恒力吊架恒定度与荷载变化系数的关系并给出了优化设计案例,研究结果表明,在汽水管道设计中适当增大弹簧吊架荷载变化系数,可增大弹簧吊架配置占比,减少管道膨胀异常现象的发生。

恒力支吊架性能指标研究及标准修改建议

高温汽水管道是发电厂的重要部件,由于管道垂直高差和水平跨距较大,为协调管道热膨胀和降低管道热胀应力,在管道设计时配置了较多恒力弹簧支吊架(恒力吊架)。由于存在转轴摩擦力矩等原因,恒力吊架并非恒力,其荷载偏差会造成管道运行时偏离设计冷态、热态线及管道应力升高。为控制恒力支吊架质量,国内相关标准中有恒定度和荷载偏差度2个质量性能控制指标。分析研究荷载偏差度可得:由于存在摩擦力矩等,恒力吊架在测试荷载偏差度时,不同加载方向测得的拔销荷载差异较大,导致其荷载偏差度差异较大,因此拔销荷载不宜作为代表性参数;平均荷载可表征位移-荷载曲线的位置,是恒力支吊架的代表性参数,并给出了新的平均荷载偏差度计算公式。建议对相关标准进行修订,提高恒力吊架性能。

常减压装置高温热油管道的应力分析及优化设计

为了确保管道布置和法兰连接的可靠性和安全性,高温管道的应力分析十分必要。利用CAESAR II软件对常减压装置的高温热油管道进行了一次应力和二次应力校核。分析了各节点的热态位移、约束力和力矩等关键数据。采用L型和Z型自然补偿方案,合理规划了管道布置,优化了支吊架设计。进一步采用Kellogg当量压力法校核了热油泵和常压塔设备管嘴与管道之间法兰连接的可靠性,最终确保了该热油管道的安全、长周期运行。

超深井套管卡瓦效应的拉伸极限载荷理论计算

针对新疆某油田超深井井口套管悬重过大,造成卡瓦牙对套管外壁齿入损伤,且累计损伤导致卡瓦悬挂器套管断裂失效的事故频繁,提出了“卡瓦效应的拉伸极限载荷”来评价井口卡瓦悬挂器夹持部分套管的强度设计,具体为基于第三强度理论和第四强度理论,分别建立了井口卡瓦悬挂器夹持套管的“卡瓦效应拉伸极限载荷”计算模型。计算结果表明,从安全角度评价套管强度,采用第三强度理论计算卡瓦悬挂器套管的卡瓦效应拉伸极限载荷更合理,但为更充分利用材料的力学性能,应采用第四强度理论进行评价,还得到在四通有限空间内,可以保证有较大的卡瓦效应拉伸极限载荷的最佳卡瓦半锥角为23°~25°,最佳卡瓦有效接触长度为135~145 mm。研究方法和结果将为卡瓦悬挂器井口套管的强度设计、各种安全施工作业等提供理论依据。

不同连接节点的重型管道支吊架承载性能研究

随着装配式建筑的快速发展,装配式管道支吊架的应用范围越来越广,与传统焊接支吊架相比,装配式支吊架具有施工效率高、环境污染小等优势。目前针对装配式重型支吊架的设计规范及相关研究较为缺乏,因此针对不同连接方式的装配式重型支吊架展开足尺试验研究,结合数值仿真与理论分析,探究不同连接节点支吊架的破坏形态与承载能力。研究结果表明:不同节点的支吊架破坏形式均表现为横梁弯扭破坏,且符合极值点失稳特征;使用槽钢横梁及半槽型连接件的支吊架承载力明显低于采用端板连接的H型钢横梁支吊架,外伸竖向端板连接结构的承载力优于平齐竖向端板连接,也优于水平端板连接节点;在进行理论计算时,半槽型连接节点和外伸端板连接节点可采用半刚接模型计算,平齐端板连接节点可采用铰接模型计算,4种节点形式的支吊架整体稳定系数均高于规范计算数值,能够满足整体稳定性的要求。

济南齐鲁黄河大桥网状吊杆系杆拱桥施工关键技术

济南齐鲁黄河大桥主桥为(95+280) m+420 m+(280+95) m五跨三连拱下承式网状吊杆系杆拱桥,主梁采用钢-混组合梁,梁宽60.7 m,采用“先梁后拱”的施工工艺。钢箱梁采用“静动结合”的吊装技术,解决了有限作业空间下超重、超宽钢箱梁节段上桥的难题,钢箱梁采用智能化步履式顶推设备与坦克轮相结合的方式顶推施工,提高了顶推过程的可控性、安全性和高效性。3跨拱肋中2个280 m跨采用满堂支架法施工,420 m跨采用“三段法”施工,即通过满堂支架法安装两端60 m边拱肋,300 m中拱段采用在钢箱梁上低位拼装,然后整体提升中拱段,使其与边拱肋配切合龙。对吊杆张拉方案进行对比,基于有限元分析,以吊杆内力控制为原则,最终选择吊杆应力水平更低的从跨中向拱脚对称张拉的吊杆张拉方案,张拉过程中采用接长杆减少张拉工作量,使吊杆张拉更高效、安全。

特高压套管悬挂器不同线型凸缘面密封性能分析与优化设计

针对油田井口密封装置圆形凸缘面存在的密封宽度窄、使用寿命短的问题,设计圆形、椭圆、锥面凸缘线型,并开展不同线型凸缘面的密封性能和使用寿命研究。研究表明,在相同结构尺寸、激发载荷条件下,锥面的密封宽度、结构寿命远远优于圆形、椭圆面,但较长的接触宽度导致锥面接触应力无法满足工况需求。建立以锥形密封环为优化对象的分析模型,通过单因素分析确定各结构参数的灵敏度和取值范围,以上下密封面接触应力为优化目标,得到显著因子与接触应力的一阶、二阶响应模型。优化后的接触应力达到密封要求且分别提高21.7%、8.2%,最大方差仅为曲面的30%,能获得可靠的结构寿命。

基于BIM技术的管道支吊架设计与校核

传统管道支吊架设计往往依据现场实际情况及工程师自身施工经验进行,缺乏科学的受力分析及规划,返工及报废率高,安全隐患大。本文以安徽阜南农村商业银行股份有限公司总部金融大厦建设项目为例,利用BIM技术,对该项目管道支吊架进行深化设计和强度校核,出具校核计算书及支吊架材料报表,为项目的管道支吊架施工提供数据支持以及合理化建议,并为类似工程项目提供借鉴依据。

BIM技术在1000MW大型火力发电工程中的应用

随着我国电力建设技术的快速发展,目前1000MW机组工程成为了主流,为保证工程顺利施工,需要借助数字化手段,赋能过程管理。本文介绍了将BIM技术应用于火力发电项目建设过程,辅助进行方案交底,特别是解决重大技术方案不直观、交底不透彻的问题,提升技术交底质量,从而减少返工和成本,产生良好的经济效益。重点介绍一种采用井字架吊具转换吊装高加设备的方法,在吊装施工前进行施工模拟重点技术工艺分析,开展建模内容分析和建模软件选择,进而建模和开展施工模拟,并以其中3个具有代表性的技术工艺模拟优化过程为例,阐述了BIM技术在项目立式高加安装中的应用。通过经济性分析,该施工方案经济效益明显,证明BIM技术的三维化、优化性、模拟性等优点,对于保障危重大施工方案的安全、顺利实施可以发挥十分重要的作用。

土耳其1915恰纳卡莱大桥无索区钢箱梁安装关键技术

土耳其1915恰纳卡莱大桥为主跨2023 m的双塔三跨钢箱梁悬索桥。钢箱梁总长3563 m,边跨及桥塔处无索区钢箱梁均为非标准节段,长度为9.8~43.6 m,吊装重量为344~1330 t,涉及多种吊装方式及节段安装工艺,施工难度大。该桥边跨S33节段定位精度要求高、顶推难度大,利用特殊设计牛腿,顺利实现节段顶推及边跨合龙;边跨焊接线形精度要求高、工序转换复杂,S32和S31节段布设临时吊索系统,确保焊接线形可控;塔区工作平台上的S01、T00和M01单个节段利用特殊设计三向可调支架及导向架施工,确保浮吊吊装安全可靠及定位精度可控;S02和M02节段吊装时与已吊装节段在空间上相互干扰,通过布设牵引荡移系统,顺利实现塔区S02和M02节段缆载吊机大角度吊装及节段荡移;采用吊索调节装置、边跨反拉系统及4台缆载吊机同步抬吊等措施,塔区S01、T00和M01组拼焊接的大节段顺利合龙。

长庆油田侧钻井∅95.25 mm套管固井完井技术应用

长庆油田油井侧钻井完井方式采用悬挂∅88.9 mm尾管固井完井,固井后油管内径仅76 mm,限制了后期修井作业及压裂增产作业的能力和规模,且现有完井管柱无法进行全通径压裂施工,不能满足致密油气储层压裂技术需求。通过应用∅95.25 mm套管扩大管柱内径(∅82.25 mm)以及分段压裂用尾管悬挂器与回接装置,尾管固井后利用水力泵送桥塞+分段压裂施工工艺,改造效果和施工效率得到了极大提升。侧钻井∅95.25 mm套管固井完井技术在长庆油田完成了5口井现场应用,固井质量合格率100%,较∅88.9 mm油管固井完井平均初期日产油量提高了46.5%,施工时间缩短了80%,对区域内侧钻井钻完井具有较好的借鉴作用。

基于有限元仿真技术的超大通径悬挂器的研制与应用

常规悬挂器由于通径小无法胜任膨胀筛管完井作业,并会给后续作业带来更大的风险。针对此问题,研制出一种径厚比超过8的超大通径悬挂器,将主体坐封、坐挂、下入传扭、丢手等功能结构全部集成到服务工具中。首先介绍了超大通径悬挂器的结构特点和工作原理,并对核心零部件胶筒进行了有限元分析,然后制造了悬挂器样机,开展了悬挂器的多项性能测试。分析和实验结果表明:防液锁球座密封性能良好;悬挂器坐挂、胀封、丢手动作顺畅,与设计预期相符;悬挂器的胶筒承压大于25 MPa;卡瓦以及基管等结构件可承受50 t悬挂力载荷;其性能指标满足膨胀筛管现场施工使用要求。