Seismic Behavior of Diaphragm-Through Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns and H-Shaped Steel Beams

Based on the introductions of a type of diaphragm-through connection between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) and H-shaped steel beams,a finite element model of the connection is developed and used to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection.The results of the finite element model are validated by a set of cyclic loading tests.The cyclic loading tests and the finite element analyses indicate that the failure mode of the suggested connections is plastic hinge at the beam with inelastic rotation angle exceeding 0.04 rad.The suggested connections have sufficient strength,plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacity to be used in composite moment frames as beam-to-column rigid connections.

NUCLEATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF H-SHAPED(PS)_2PEG(PS)_2 BLOCK COPOLYMERS

A series of H-shaped （PS）2PEG（PS）2 block copolymers with different PS chain lengths were prepared. The influence of different confinements active on the crystallization and self-nucleation （SN） behavior of the PEG blocks was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. When the content of the crystalline block was high, a classical SN behavior was obtained. The block copolymer with PEG content of 49% （by weight） showed a classical SN behavior with a narrow self-nucleation domain and had bimodal crystallization exotherms. When the PEG dispersed as separated microdomains in the block copolymer, the self-nucleation domain disappeared and only annealing was observed.

Extrusion process of 304L H-shaped stainless steel used in passive residual heat removal heat exchanger

304L H-shaped stainless steel is used as the support frame of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger(PRHR HX) in a nuclear fission reactor. The extrusion process is adopted to manufacture the 304L H-shaped stainless steel. Finite element method simulation is herein used to analyze metal flow characteristics, optimize the extrusion die, and predict the extrusion force at different temperatures and speeds. A Φ400-mm container and Φ388-mm forging billet are selected, and the 304L H-shaped stainless steel is successfully manufactured using a Germany SMS 60 MN horizontal extruder. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the manufactured 304L H-shaped stainless steel meet the requirements of the PRHR HX, and the surfaces of the product pass the dye penetration test. The H-shaped stainless steels are used in Haiyang nuclear power plant in Shandong Province.

Natural Convection in an H-Shaped Porous EnclosureFilled with a Nanofluid

This study simulates natural convection flow resulting from heat partitions in an H-shaped enclosure filled with a nanofluid using an incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics(ISPH)method.The right area of the H-shaped enclosure is saturated with non-Darcy porous media.The center variable partitions of the H-shaped enclosure walls are kept at a high-temperature Th.The left and right walls of the H-shaped enclosure are positioned at a low temperature Tc and the other walls are adiabatic.In ISPH method,the source term in pressure Poisson equation(PPE)is modified.The influences of the controlling parameters on the temperature distributions,the velocity field and average Nusselt number are discussed.The performed simulations proofed that the length of the heated partitions augments the velocity field and temperature distributions in an H-shaped enclosure.Rayleigh number rises the fluid velocity and heat transfer in an H-shaped enclosure.The porous layer on the right side of the H-shaped enclosure at a lower Darcy parameter causes a high resistance force for the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristic inside an H-shaped enclosure.Added nanoparticles reduces the velocity field and enhances the heat transfer inside an H-shaped enclosure.

Nonlinear optical properties of novel H-shaped chromophores

Novel and effective H-shaped chromophores were doped into polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） to form guest-host polymer thin films. The measurement results of Maker fringe method show that the polymer thin films containing the H-shaped chromophores as a guest exhibit high second harmonic coefficients （d33） compared with other two-dimensional chromophores.

Shake table experimental study of cable-stayed bridges with two different design strategies of H-shaped towers

As one of the main load-carrying components of cable-stayed bridges,bridge towers are typically required to remain elastic even when subjected to severe ground motions with a 2%-3%probability of exceedance in 50 years.To fulfill this special requirement imposed by current seismic design codes,reinforcement ratios in the bridge towers have to be kept significantly higher than if limited ductility behavior of the tower is allowed.In addition,since the foundation capacity is closely related to the moment and shear capacities of the bridge tower,a large increase in bridge construction cost for elastically designed cable-stayed bridge is inevitable.To further investigate the possibility of limited ductility bridge tower design strategies,a new 1/20-scale cable-stayed bridge model with H-shaped bridge towers designed according to strong strut-weak tower column design was tested.The shake table experimental results are compared with a previous strong tower column-weak strut designed full bridge model.A comparison of the results show that ductility design with plastic hinges located on tower columns,i.e.,strong strut-weak tower column design,is another effective seismic design strategy that results in only small residual displacement at the top of the tower column,even under very severe earthquake excitations.

A Fault Feature Extraction Model in Synchronous Generator under Stator Inter-Turn Short Circuit Based on ACMD and DEO3S

This paper proposed a new diagnosis model for the stator inter-turn short circuit fault in synchronous generators.Different from the past methods focused on the current or voltage signals to diagnose the electrical fault,the sta-tor vibration signal analysis based on ACMD(adaptive chirp mode decomposition)and DEO3S(demodulation energy operator of symmetrical differencing)was adopted to extract the fault feature.Firstly,FT(Fourier trans-form)is applied to the vibration signal to obtain the instantaneous frequency,and PE(permutation entropy)is calculated to select the proper weighting coefficients.Then,the signal is decomposed by ACMD,with the instan-taneous frequency and weighting coefficient acquired in the former step to obtain the optimal mode.Finally,DEO3S is operated to get the envelope spectrum which is able to strengthen the characteristic frequencies of the stator inter-turn short circuit fault.The study on the simulating signal and the real experiment data indicates the effectiveness of the proposed method for the stator inter-turn short circuit fault in synchronous generators.In addition,the comparison with other methods shows the superiority of the proposed model.

Design of Online Vision Detection System for Stator Winding Coil

The quality of the stator winding coil directly affects the performance of the motor.A dual-camera online machine vision detection method to detect whether the coil leads and winding regions were qualified was designed.A vision detection platform was designed to capture individual winding images,and an image processing algorithm was used for image pre-processing,template matching and positioning of the coil lead area to set up a coordinate system.After eliminating image noise by Blob analysis,the improved Canny algorithm was used to detect the location of the coil lead paint stripped region,and the time was reduced by about half compared to the Canny algorithm.The coil winding region was trained with the ShuffleNet V2-YOLOv5s model for the dataset,and the detect file was converted to the Open Neural Network Exchange(ONNX)model for the detection of winding cross features with an average accuracy of 99.0%.The software interface of the detection system was designed to perform qualified discrimination tests on the workpieces,and the detection data were recorded and statistically analyzed.The results showed that the stator winding coil qualified discrimination accuracy reached 96.2%,and the average detection time of a single workpiece was about 300 ms,while YOLOv5s took less than 30 ms.

无刷双馈电机研究综述与展望

无刷双馈电机具有结构可靠、变频器容量小等优势,非常适合灵活运行于防爆、易燃等特殊或极端工况,近年来受到广泛关注。该文根据无刷双馈电机的基本工作原理,明确了该类电机的命名原则与规范名称;总结了现有定转子方案的结构及性能特点,综合考虑性能指标与结构工艺,提出了转子双套绕组的发展方向;梳理了无刷双馈电机的稳态等效电路模型及基于各类数学模型的优化设计方法,针对现存难以完整考虑不同转速工况性能的不足,阐明了利用新型同步-异步相串联等效电路进行优化设计的思路;对比分析了经典及新近出现的无刷双馈电机控制系统拓扑和控制策略特点,面向典型电动、发电工况建立了完整的电机及控制系统。最后,对无刷双馈电机的上述理论研究问题及工业应用的发展方向进行了总结阐述,为该类电机的深入研究及加快推广应用提供参考和指导。

基于随机森林的发电机定子线棒局部放电图谱特征识别方法

发电机定子线棒局部放电的在线监测和故障诊断对于电机故障预警、故障定位和指导机组检修有重要意义。目前存在部分不同类型局部放电相似度高,模式识别方法计算时间过长的问题,需要高精度和高效的识别方法,为此提出一种基于随机森林的定子线棒局部放电识别方法。制备了6种类型定子线棒,用特高频天线检测局部放电信号,基于相位分布局部放电(PRPD)图谱比对,提出参数幅值不对称度。基于随机森林方法识别缺陷类型,计算特征重要性,选择有效特征。最后,可视化特征相似度,与传统反向传播(BP)神经网络方法对比,验证有效性。结果表明:随机森林算法可以有效识别人工缺陷定子线棒局部放电,总体识别正确率达到93.33%。筛选半数特征后,随机森林比BP神经网络的准确率提高了10.83%,特征选择对随机森林的准确率影响很小,但识别效率大幅提高。随机森林在少量特征时识别准确率、计算时间都明显优于神经网络。幅值不对称度参数的重要性排在全部特征前1/3,具有推广价值。

基于端部绕组模块的定子励磁无刷电机冷却方法

为了提升定子励磁无刷电机的冷却能力,提出了一种基于端部绕组模块的定子励磁无刷电机冷却方法.在电机端部绕组和定子铁芯叠片端部的间隙中插入端部绕组冷却(EWC)模块,以减小定子绕组热点区域和冷却介质之间的间隙,从而提高端部绕组的冷却能力.对非重叠式集中绕组长度计算模型进行改进,评估采用EWC模块前后电机定子电枢绕组长度的变化,分析EWC模块的电导率对电机定子损耗的影响.采用计算流体动力学(CFD)模型,对比EWC模块在不同铜耗和励磁源损耗密度下的冷却性能.结果表明,采用EWC模块可以使端部绕组的稳态温升降低约50%,热态时的绕组电阻降低7.51%,从而改善了定子的冷却条件.

基于径向气隙磁密和定子电流的永磁同步电机均匀退磁故障诊断研究

该文提出一种基于径向气隙磁密和定子电流的永磁同步电机均匀退磁故障诊断方法。首先,建立电机的d轴等效磁路模型,分析均匀退磁故障后径向气隙磁密的变化规律;然后,获取电机的径向气隙磁密和定子电流信号,对各极下径向气隙磁密幅值进行归一化处理,并绘制雷达图,根据雷达图和比较相同定子电流幅值下健康电机和故障电机的各极下径向气隙磁密幅值的平均值,来诊断均匀退磁故障;利用空载各极下径向气隙磁密幅值的平均值计算故障程度。最后,仿真和实验结果均验证所提均匀退磁故障诊断方法的有效性。

采油单螺杆泵动态力学特性及疲劳寿命预测研究

针对常规采油螺杆泵定子橡胶疲劳失效的问题,以油田常用的GLB120-27型单螺杆泵为研究对象,开展了50℃油浸工况下定子橡胶材料疲劳试验,获取了橡胶材料的疲劳性能参数,并构建了疲劳寿命预测模型。运用ABAQUS软件对螺杆泵进行动态力学特性有限元分析,基于数值模拟得到应力应变响应结果和定子橡胶材料单轴拉伸试验应力应变拟合表达式,计算了疲劳危险位置点应变能释放率的范围。利用构建的疲劳寿命预测模型对不同过盈量条件下的螺杆泵进行了疲劳寿命预测研究。结果表明,随着过盈量的增加,疲劳寿命呈指数函数下降,通过与某采油厂近5年单螺杆泵平均工作寿命的对比,发现基于裂纹扩展方法预测得到的螺杆泵定子橡胶疲劳寿命可以满足工程预测精度要求。

大型发电机端部绕组电磁力物理数字孪生建模

为了在“智慧汽轮机”中更好地结合物理信息模型先验知识与数据驱动模型,并向真实机组模型迁移试验模型,进一步实现可靠的实验室数值仿真数据和真实运行数据互相印证与混和建模驱动,以600 MW大型汽轮发电机为研究对象,建立融合演进因素的汽轮发电机定子绕组本体模型,提出集成数字孪生智能绕组研究框架,并提出智能绕组内涵的形式化定义。基于镜像法、气隙回转电流应用叠加法、毕奥-萨伐尔定律和安培力定律建立定子端部绕组电磁力的数学机理物理信息模型。对有限元电磁力和数字化电磁力进行了分析对比,验证了所建立电磁力数字化物理信息模型的合理性。对比分析振动响应结果,进一步验证了数字化电磁力物理信息建模的正确性以及有限元电磁力对比验证的正确性。研究将对“智慧汽轮机”运维的振动动态基于物理机理与数据驱动混和建模的数字孪生故障诊断与预测提供有力的支撑。

涡轮钻具定转子三维叶型的设计方法研究

为了研究涡轮三维叶型的水力性能,基于等环量法提出了一种涡轮三维叶型的理论造型方法,并推导出了该涡轮三维叶型的特性参数计算方法。利用ANSYS Fluent对同尺寸下的涡轮三维叶型和二维叶型进行了数值模拟分析其水力特性。研究结果表明:与二维叶型相比,涡轮三维叶型的压降减小约50%,水力效率提高约5%。对比了三维叶型涡轮扭矩的理论计算结果与仿真结果,发现它们的误差在10%左右,在实际工程允许范围内。研究结果可为涡轮三维叶型的设计提供理论依据。

基于发电机定子接地燃弧电阻变化特征的主动降压熄弧机理与抑制方法

定子接地燃弧故障是制约大型发电机安全可靠运行的技术瓶颈。为解决定子绕组接地电弧引发的绝缘击穿与铁心损伤问题,该文提出基于发电机定子接地燃弧电阻变化特征的柔性接地主动降压熄弧方法。该文建立了定子接地燃弧电阻与弧道电压的解析关系,揭示了定子接地故障点电压降低过程中,接地燃弧电阻增大的变化规律;明确了将接地故障点电压抑制在电弧重燃电压以下时,可实现定子绕组击穿间隙回归正常绝缘状态的抑制方法。根据大型发电机定子柔性接地方式降压熄弧策略,在接地故障燃弧阶段,中性点电压源输出故障点工频与3次谐波反向电势,主动降低故障点电压,将故障点电压降低至燃弧电压以下,使定子接地电弧熄灭。利用注入信号感知定子接地燃弧状态,实时监测定子阻尼率矢量角变化趋势,判定降压消弧过程中接地燃弧故障是否消除。所提方法无需将故障点电压降低至零,可有效降低非故障相电压抬升,降低定子非故障相绕组槽内击穿风险。在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真环境模拟定子接地故障燃弧工况,对所提方法进行试验验证。试验结果表明,基于定子接地燃弧电阻变化特征的柔性接地消弧方法可主动降低定子接地故障点电压,助增故障点间隙绝缘电阻回归,抑制接地电弧重燃,降低定子非故障相绝缘击穿风险,实现定子接地燃弧故障的可靠消弧。

气隙偏心对同步发电机定子绕组温升特性的影响

为了分析同步发电机气隙偏心对定子绕组的铜耗及温升的影响规律。首先理论推导了正常情况和偏心下的磁通密度及相应的铜耗,分析了绕组的温升特性;然后建立了CS-5型故障模拟发电机的三维有限元模型,计算得到了发电机在不同负载和不同故障程度下定子绕组的铜耗和温度变化规律;最后在CS-5型故障模拟发电机上对定子绕组温度进行了实测,所得实验结果和仿真数据与理论分析结论基本一致。研究发现:定子绕组直线段温度高于端部温度;定子绕组的铜耗和温度在气隙偏心工况下均高于正常情况,且随着偏心量和负载的增加呈现升高趋势;在静偏心下靠近小气隙一侧的绕组温度高于其他部位。

高导热储热材料对高功率密度永磁电机温升的影响

如何降低电机温升是电机设计中一个至关重要的问题.将绝缘漆与高导热材料、储热材料、固化材料通过一定工艺制备成高导热储热材料,填充在样机绕组端部与外壳的间隙处,并对其进行了温度场分析与温升实验.结果表明:利用储热材料吸收热量的特性与高导热材料的高导热率可有效降低电机温升10.2℃,电机功率提高了9.8%,高导热储热材料能有效提高电机的性能.

基于开口变压器法的交流电机定子非激励相绕组匝间短路检测研究

为了解决交流电机定子绕组中线圈绝缘损伤引起匝间短路故障无法准确、快速定位的问题,提出将检测转子绕组匝间短路的开口变压器法移植到检测交流电机定子绕组匝间短路,定子单相添加激励源,非激励相绕组设置故障点,开口变压器检测故障点所在槽,分析故障前后开口变压器绕组感应电动势的变化。首先阐述开口变压器检测定子非激励相的工作原理,分析正常和故障状态下通过开口变压器铁心漏磁通的表达式,进一步得到开口变压器绕组感应电动势表达式,获取故障变化规律。随后建立交流电机电磁仿真模型,进行仿真分析,最后用一台定子样机进行实验验证。结果表明:故障状态下,随着故障程度的加深,故障点所在槽的开口变压器感应电动势随之减小,证明了开口变压器可以作为离线检测交流电机定子非激励相绕组匝间短路故障的有效手段。

计及复杂换位结构的百万千瓦级汽轮发电机定子流固耦合传热研究

百万千瓦级汽轮发电机的定子绕组通常采用多根空、实心股线并绕的复杂编织换位结构,针对尺寸相差悬殊的复杂结构使得其定子流固耦合模型的数值求解存在网格数量多、容易出现奇异解的难点问题,该文提出三维区段式流固耦合网格划分方法,根据不同区段股线的结构及传热特点,通过非均匀网格划分方法大大降低求解模型的网格数量,实现计及复杂换位结构的定子流固耦合模型的数值求解,并通过一台124万kW水氢氢冷汽轮发电机的短路型式实验进行验证。在此基础上,提出定子绕组的新型交叉换位方法并与传统换位方法的温度进行对比,结果表明,新型交叉换位方法使定子绕组股线以及绝缘的温度分布更加均匀,并且能够有效降低定子绕组最高温度。