Soil Plug Effect Prediction and Pile Driveability Analysis for Large-Diameter Steel Piles in Ocean Engineering

Long steel piles with large diameters have been more widely used in the field of ocean engineering. Owing to the pile with a large diameter, soil plug development during pile driving has great influences on pile driveability and bearing capacity. The response of soil plug developed inside the open-ended pipe pile during the dynamic condition of pile-driving is different from the response under the static condition of loading during service. This paper addresses the former aspect. A numerical procedure for soil plug effect prediction and pile driveabihty analysis is proposed and described. By taking into consideration of the pile dimension effect on side and tip resistance, this approach introduces a dimensional coefficient to the conventional static eqnihbrium equations for the plug differential unit and proposes an improved static equity method for the plug effect prediction. At the same time, this approach introduces a simplified model by use of one-dimensional stress wave equation to simulate the interaction between soil plug and pile inner wall. The proposed approach has been applied in practical engineering analyses. Results show that the calculated plug effect and pile driveabihty based on the proposed approach agree well with the observed data.

Seismic Behavior of Diaphragm-Through Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns and H-Shaped Steel Beams

Based on the introductions of a type of diaphragm-through connection between concrete-filled square steel tubular columns (CFSSTCs) and H-shaped steel beams,a finite element model of the connection is developed and used to investigate the seismic behavior of the connection.The results of the finite element model are validated by a set of cyclic loading tests.The cyclic loading tests and the finite element analyses indicate that the failure mode of the suggested connections is plastic hinge at the beam with inelastic rotation angle exceeding 0.04 rad.The suggested connections have sufficient strength,plastic deformation and energy dissipation capacity to be used in composite moment frames as beam-to-column rigid connections.

Effect of Sacrificial Anode Protection for Steel Pipe Piles at Dandong Port

The sacrificial anode protection system for the steel pipe piles of the 3rd berth of Dandong; wharf at Dandong port has operated for eight years. In this paper, the program design and the protection effect of the sacrificial anode protection system are presented. The results of various inspections show that the piles are protected very satisfactorily.

Extrusion process of 304L H-shaped stainless steel used in passive residual heat removal heat exchanger

304L H-shaped stainless steel is used as the support frame of the passive residual heat removal heat exchanger(PRHR HX) in a nuclear fission reactor. The extrusion process is adopted to manufacture the 304L H-shaped stainless steel. Finite element method simulation is herein used to analyze metal flow characteristics, optimize the extrusion die, and predict the extrusion force at different temperatures and speeds. A Φ400-mm container and Φ388-mm forging billet are selected, and the 304L H-shaped stainless steel is successfully manufactured using a Germany SMS 60 MN horizontal extruder. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the manufactured 304L H-shaped stainless steel meet the requirements of the PRHR HX, and the surfaces of the product pass the dye penetration test. The H-shaped stainless steels are used in Haiyang nuclear power plant in Shandong Province.

Leachate Control Technology Using H-Jointed Steel Pipe Sheet Piles with H-H Joints at Coastal Landfills

H-H joint of ＂H-jointed SPSP with H-H joint＂, which is made up of interlocking two H-steel sections of different sizes, is the one of SPSP＇s joint to improve the hydraulic conductivity. ＂H-H jointed SPSP with H-H joint＂ is expected to be applied to a vertical cutoff wall in coastal landfill sites. In H-jointed SPSP with H-H joint, the H-joint is completely imperviousness. H-H joint, however, is pervious at interlocked state because a gap of 8 to 11 mm is left between the interlocking flanges, therefore, a water interception treatment must be conducted to seal the gap. The water shielding treatment of H-H joint is executed by coating the gaps with a water-swelling sheet of paint before its installation. Then, hollow space is generated in H-H joint after treating by water-swelling sheet, and that space can be used effectively. This paper proposes leachate control technologies using H-H joint interior space of SPSP cutoff walls. The possibility of those technologies and hydraulic conductivity of H-jointed SPSP with H-H joints are demonstrated by conducting the hydraulic conductivity test.

Key technology for construction of connection between steel pylonand concrete pile cap of middle pylon of Taizhou Bridge

Taizhou Bridge is a suspension bridge with three pylons and two 1 080 m main spans. The middle pylon is a steel frame with longitudinal herringbone shape and lateral gate shape. The connection between steel pylon and concrete pile cap is a key part to transfer the huge inner force from the pylon to the foundation. Its construction quality is a critical factor to the overall structural loading of the whole bridge ; therefore the contact ratio between the bearing steel plate of pylon and concrete pile cap is required to be over 75 %. The inclined joint surface in two directions, longitudinally at 39/1 920 and laterally at 1/4, posted a challenge to the construction work. A procedure test was carried out to find an optimal construction method by comparison, and finally the post-injection method was selected as it can meet the requirement of concrete strength and contact ratio at the connection. The successful application of the post-injection method in Taizhou Bridge can nrovide an examnle and reference for similar nroiects in the future.

Control of floor heaves with steel pile in gob-side entry retaining

A new approach named as steel pile method is innovatively proposed in this study to control severe floor heaves in gob-side entry retaining. It is required that the steel piles be installed in the floor corners with a certain interval before the influence of the dynamic pressure induced by current panel extraction. Using numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, this study investigated the interaction between the steel piles and the floor rocks during the service life of the steel piles, and revealed the mechanism of the steel piles in controlling floor heaves. The effect of the steel pile parameters on the control of floor heaves was presented and elaborated. It is found that the effectiveness of the steel piles in controlling floor heaves can be enhanced with greater installed dip angle, longer length and smaller interval of the steel piles.Compared with traditional methods, e.g., using floor anchor bolts and floor restoration, the advantages using steel pile were successfully defined in terms of controlling effect and economic benefits. It is hoped that the proposed method can contribute to the development of gob-side entry retaining technique.

Experiments of Multi-element Composite Foundation with Steel Pipe Pile and Gravel Pile

A set of serf-developed apparatus for foundation physical model were utilized to conduct model tests of the multi-element composite foundation with a steel pipe pile and several gravel piles. Some load-bearing characteristics of the multi-element Composite foundation, including the curves of foundation settlement, stresses of piles, pile-soil stress ratio, and load-sharing ratio of piles and soil, were obtained to study its working performances in silty sand soil. The experimental results revealed that the multi-element composite foundation with steel pipe pile and gravel pile contributed more than the gravel pile composite foundation in improving the bearing capacity of the silty fine sand.

Improvement of Technological Solutions for Sheet Piling Walls Made of U-Shape Piles

As it is evident from the practice of construction and maintenance of thin retaining walls, the degree of developing of frictional forces in interlock connections of steel sheet U-shape piles essentially influences the realization of the values of geometric characteristics of the piles cross-section （the moment of inertia and the section modulus） reduced to the length unit of the construction. The article offers new and simple solutions for realization and economically effective technological approaches to provide joint work of the sheet piles being considered, which improve the adequacy of design and reliability of maintenance of thin retaining walls.

Study on the Embedded Mode of Large Diameter Steel Tube and Concrete Combined Pile

As the stiffness discontinuous of large diameter steel tube and concrete combined pile, the complicated stress state is caused by the combination of the pile foundation and the base rock, the steel casing and the bedrock structure. It is needed to put forward a scientific basis to determine the pile foundation effective depth of embedded. For this purpose, the physical model and the numerical model of single pile with large diameter steel tube and reinforced concrete combined force are established. Through numerical simulation and contrast test of a large number of variable parameters, the various factors that affect the lateral bearing capacity of the embedded piles are discussed in detail, the mechanical properties of the foundation under the action of the steel tube and the pile foundation are obtained.

Study on Interface mechanical behavior of steel tube reinforced concrete composite pile

Currently for the steel tube reinforced concrete composite pile research, although predecessors make a comprehensive research on the composite pile beating performance, design technology, but there are still many problems have not been solved, such as the steel tube reinforced concrete pile composite interracial force learn performance research is still in the initial stage. In this paper, we mainly discuss the research methods of several interface mechanical properties and propose the possibility of studying the mechanical properties of the steel tube reinforced concrete composite pile by using the principle of ultrasonic speckle.

The Effective Buckling Length on Numerical Study of Pipe-Sectioned Pier-Pile Integral Steel Structure

Pier-Pile integral structures provide construction works with many environmental and landscape advantages. For example, the space required to construct these structures is smaller than that of other bridges due to the footing being removed, meaning that it is not necessity to greatly change the surroundings of these bridges. While there are environmental and landscape advantages, there are also a few demerits for the overall land-scape designs, including demerits in the design of this proposed structure which consists of relatively slender parts. This proposed structure has already been constructed in areas where possibility of a severe earthquake is low. However, some problems that have yet to be examined are related to the use of this proposed structure in areas where earthquakes are frequent. Lacking detailed studies of its behavior during severe earthquakes, it is currently difficult to construct these structures in Japan. Consequently, it is necessary to investigate in detail limited performance about compression and bending moment, and earthquake- resistant performance of these structures in order to resolve these problems. In this paper, It was clarified the relationship between the rigidity of the ground and the effective buckling length by buckling analysis and elasto- plastic finite deformation analysis. Moreover, it was proposed a simplified formula using a proposed characteristic value β and several factors for analysis accuracy. A simplified formula would support to determine the effective buckling length to design the pier using the load-bearing capacity curve based on the slenderness ratio parameter.

钢管桩围堰的应用及稳定性分析

针对淮安枢纽二期扩建工程导航明渠中钢管桩围堰的整体稳定性、抗倾覆稳定性、抗滑移稳定性进行了计算,得出围堰结构形式稳定安全的结论;阐述了钢管桩围堰施工工艺、流程、技术难点及应对措施,对同类围堰工程推广具有较强的借鉴意义。

基于DMT的孟加拉国帕德玛大桥桩基承载力预测研究

依托孟加拉国帕德玛多用途大桥,采用扁铲侧胀试验(Flat Dilatometer Test,简称DMT)分析大直径钢管桩基的竖向极限承载力,并与现场静力载荷试验和室内三轴试验的计算结果进行对比。结果表明:相对室内试验参数,基于3种不同DMT试验参数的计算结果误差均在10%以内,整体预测较可靠;魏晋攀方法的预测精度最高,Marchetti法次之,Campanella&Robertson法略低估了桩基的竖向极限承载力;桩端和桩侧压浆可有效提高桩基承载力,基于DMT测试的预测结果可为桩基压浆效果提供可靠经济的评估依据。

基于DEM-FDM耦合的平行隧道间钢套管下旋施工影响研究

采用离散元-有限差分耦合数值方法研究平行隧道间钢套管下旋施工的影响。根据工程实例建立数值模型,并通过对比模拟值与实测值验证了数值分析方法的合理性。数值模型分析了双隧道-静压、双隧道-旋压、单隧道-旋压等3种工况下隧道和土层的受力变形特性。结果表明:钢套管旋压施工导致隧道产生的横向位移为静压施工的163.5%,单隧道工况下的隧道横、竖向变形分别较双隧道工况增加32.7%和53.4%;旋压相较于静压可以有效减小管片的收敛变形,而单隧道工况的收敛变形为双隧道工况的2倍;旋压工况下,随钢套管沉入深度增加,旋转指数先增加后减小,最大值发生在套管下沉至隧道拱顶附近,而在静压工况下需重点关注竖向旋转引起的管片错位;对于双隧道-旋压工况,应重点关注施工初期由于土体水平位移引起的地层变位和施工后期土体竖向位移可能导致的机械倾覆和钢套管的垂直度误差;隧道管片应力分布区域及特征与钢套管动态施工过程紧密相关,应在不同阶段采用相应的管片补强措施。

拉森钢板桩在软土地层深基坑支护中的应用

拉森钢板桩作为一种低碳环保、可回收的建筑材料,在各类建筑中发挥着重要的作用。以蕲春县某河道整治项目为例,选取了基坑支护工程中2个典型剖面,介绍了拉森钢板桩在软土地层中的应用,并将天汉软件设计计算结果、MIDAS GTS NX数值模型分析结果与基坑监测结果进行对比分析,三者得到的支护结构位移、受力数值较为一致,表明天汉深基坑设计软件的客观合理性及可靠性非常高,施工前可以用MIDAS GTS NX数字模拟来预测及引导施工。

丽香铁路溶洞暗河处理设计方案

丽香铁路交尼山隧道拱部溶腔及隧底暗河相互连通,常规的超前预报物探手段难以准确查明溶洞暗河发育情况,拱部溶腔在施工及运营期间存在较大的掉块风险,隧底暗河在运营期间存在较高的变形沉降及堵塞风险。为准确探明隧道地层岩性及岩体完整性、岩层分界带位置、岩溶及岩溶水发育情况,交尼山隧道采用物探法+钻探法相结合的超前预报方法,并在隧底物探异常段增设竖向钻孔验证。拱部溶腔初支采用拱墙I18工字钢可保证施工及运营期间结构安全,隧底暗河处增设桩基筏板采用C35钢筋砼可满足运营期间变形及受力要求。同时,施工时保留原溶洞过水通道。现场采用以上措施后,监测结果显示变形及受力在安全可控范围内。

水中大桩径钢管复合桩钻孔灌注施工工艺及质量控制分析

深水中大桩径钻孔灌注桩施工时存在护筒定位难、含沙量大、灌注质量控制难等问题。为有效管控桩基施工质量,以韩江东特大桥主汊桥左幅18号主墩钢管复合桩施工为背景,阐述了项目特征和具体施工工艺,采用的主要施工方法有以导向架和管内浮球检测法来定位深水中的钢护筒,以气举反循环和泥浆分离器来清孔,以拔球法和桩头超灌来灌注混凝土。保证了深水中大桩径钻孔灌注桩的成桩质量检测均为Ι类桩。同时,分析了钻孔灌注施工中关键工序的质量控制措施,对施工质量实现了有效管控,可为类似工程的施工质量控制提供参考。

头陀特大桥钢栈桥设计分析与施工应用

本文依托某市域铁路项目头陀特大桥,采用有限元分析软件模拟复杂地层条件下跨越溪流的钢栈桥结构进行分析验算,确保其强度、刚度及稳定性满足规范要求。验算中分别采用结构自重、模拟上部移动荷载、水流力、风荷载等荷载组合模拟不同工况分析,验证了钢栈桥的受力性能,并总结了施工注意事项,可为类似工程提供参考。