Very Low Bit-Rate Video Coding by Combining H.264/AVC Standard and 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform

In this paper, we propose a new method for very low bit-rate video coding that combines H.264/AVC standard and two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. In this method, first a two dimensional wavelet transform is applied on each video frame independently to extract the low frequency components for each frame and then the low frequency parts of all frames are coded using H.264/AVC codec. On the other hand, the high frequency parts of the video frames are coded by Run Length Coding algorithm, after applying a threshold to neglect the low value coefficients. Experiments show that our proposed method can achieve better rate-distortion performance at very low bit-rate applications below 16 kbits/s compared to applying H.264/AVC standard directly to all frames. Applications of our proposed video coding technique include video telephony, video-conferencing, transmitting or receiving video over half-rate traffic channels of GSM networks.

基于申威SIMD指令的H.264编码优化

国产化申威处理器出现较晚,其在多媒体领域中的性能还不突出,同时通用处理器中的单指令流多数据流(SIMD)因能有效提升并行处理能力而受到处理器厂商的青睐。为提高国产化自主平台申威架构的多媒体处理能力,结合申威架构Core3B体系的SIMD指令系统,提出一种基于申威架构的SIMD指令集H.264编码优化方法。结合申威处理器的并行结构特点,利用申威适配的Perf、Top指令等系统性能分析工具,采集两种主流视频分辨率下与编码性能强相关的高频热点函数,详细分析其程序并行化可行性,采用手工嵌入申威SIMD和访存扩展等汇编指令进行细粒度优化。实验结果表明,该方法在申威架构下的H.264平均编码性能提升了约30%。相应工作成果已推送到申威社区,增强了基于申威处理器的国产计算机在桌面多媒体应用领域的工作体验。

RTP payload format for H.264/SVC scalable video coding

The scalable extension of H.264/AVC, known as scalable video coding or SVC, is currently the main focus of the Joint Video Team’s work. In its present working draft, the higher level syntax of SVC follows the design principles of H.264/AVC. Self-contained network abstraction layer units (NAL units) form natural entities for packetization. The SVC specification is by no means finalized yet, but nevertheless the work towards an optimized RTP payload format has already started. RFC 3984, the RTP payload specification for H.264/AVC has been taken as a starting point, but it became quickly clear that the scalable features of SVC require adaptation in at least the areas of capability/operation point signaling and documentation of the extended NAL unit header. This paper first gives an overview of the history of scalable video coding, and then reviews the video coding layer (VCL) and NAL of the latest SVC draft specification. Finally, it discusses different aspects of the draft SVC RTP payload format, in- cluding the design criteria, use cases, signaling and payload structure.

An adaptive joint source and channel coding scheme for H.264 video multicasting over wireless LAN

This paper proposes an adaptive joint source and channel coding scheme for H.264 video multicast over wireless LAN which takes into account the user topology changes and varying channel conditions of multiple users, and dynamically allocates available bandwidth between source coding and channel coding, with the goal to optimize the overall system performance. In particular, source resilience and error correction are considered jointly in the scheme to achieve the optimal performance. And a channel estimation algorithm based on the average packet loss rate and the variance of packet loss rate is proposed also. Two overall performance criteria for video multicast are investigated and experimental results are presented to show the improvement obtained by the scheme.

Introduction to the High-Efficiency Video Coding Standard

The high-efficiency video coding （HEVC） standard is the newest video coding standard currently under joint development by ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group （VCEG） and ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group （MPEG）. HEVC is the next-generation video coding standard after H.264/AVC. The goals of the HEVC standardization effort are to double the video coding efficiency of existing H.264/AVC while supporting all the recognized potential applications, such as, video telephony, storage, broadcast, streaming, especially for large picture size video （4k x 2k）. The HEVC standard will be completed as an ISO/iEC and ITU-T standard in January 2013. in February 2012, the HEVC standardization process reached its committee draft （CD） stage. The ever-improving HEVC standard has demonstrated a significant gain in coding efficiency in rate-distortion efficiency relative to the existing H.264/AVC. This paper provides an overview of the technical features of HEVC close to HEVC CD stage, covering high-level structure, coding units, prediction units, transform units, spatial signal transformation and PCM representation, intra-picture prediction, inter-picture prediction, entropy coding and in-loop filtering. The HEVC coding efficiency performances comparing with H.264/AVC are also provided.

Fast Inter Coding Mode Selection Algorithm for H.264

In order to reduce the encoding complexity of macroblock coding mode decision in H.264/AVC, a selective smaller block-size searching algorithm and a selective intra coding mode searching algorithm are proposed by using the high correlation among coding modes and in spatial and temporal domains of video sequence. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can provide significant improvement in computational requirement, with negligible small picture quality degradation and slight bit rate increase.

Integrated Joint Source-Channel Decoding for H.264 Video Transmission

This paper proposes an integrated joint source-channel decoder （I-JSCD） using Max-Log-MAP method for sources encoded with exp-Golomb codes and convolutional codes, and proposes a system applying this method to decoding the VLC data, e.g. motion vector differences （MVDs）, of H.264 across an AWGN channel. This method combines the source code state-space and the channel code state-space together to construct a joint state-space, develops a 3-D trellis and a maximum a-posterior （MAP） algorithm to estimate the source sequence symbol by symbol, and then uses max-log approximation to simplify the algorithm. Experiments indicate that the proposed system gives significant improvements on peak signal-to-noise ratio （PSNR） （maximum about 15 dB） than a separate scheme. This also leads to a higher visual quality of video stream over a highly noisy channel.

Reversible Data Hiding Based on Run-Level Coding in H.264/AVC Video Streams

This paper presents a reversible data hiding(RDH)method,which is designed by combining histogram modification(HM)with run-level coding in H.264/advanced video coding(AVC).In this scheme,the run-level is changed for embedding data into H.264/AVC video sequences.In order to guarantee the reversibility of the proposed scheme,the last nonzero quantized discrete cosine transform(DCT)coefficients in embeddable 4×4 blocks are shifted by the technology of histogram modification.The proposed scheme is realized after quantization and before entropy coding of H.264/AVC compression standard.Therefore,the embedded information can be correctly extracted at the decoding side.Peak-signal-noise-to-ratio(PSNR)and Structure similarity index(SSIM),embedding payload and bit-rate variation are exploited to measure the performance of the proposed scheme.Experimental results have shown that the proposed scheme leads to less SSIM variation and bit-rate increase.

Frame complexity optimized selection for H.264/AVC video coding

To improve the coding performance of H.264/AVC, this paper proposes a rate control scheme composed of a novel flame complexity optimized selection and a quantization parameter （QP） value computation approach. First, it extracts the frame coding complexity from two rate distortion models, and then introduces five statistic modes to estimate the frame coding complexity. An optimal mode is selected according to the coding efficiency. Finally the paper presents a novel QP calculation method for the H.264/AVC rate control. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithra outperforms the algorithm integrated in the 3M model in obtaining precise frame coding complexity, achieving robust buffer control and improving coding quality. And the improving visual quality is high up to 0.90dB for CIF sequences.

Complexity scalable control algorithm for intra coding in H.264 under energy constraints

In this paper, the complexity of intra coding is first analyzed so as to achieve a weight of complexity measurement for each intra mode. Then, a new complexity scalable control algorithm for intra coding in H. 264 is proposed, based on the rearrangement of the order of candidate modes and an efficient complexity allocation and control （CAAC） scheme at the macroblock （MB） level. The candidate modes of each MB are rearranged according to the local-edge information. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can make an appropriate cut-off point of the candidate modes sequence adaptively according to the current energy condition of a mobile device, so as to adjust the complexity at any level while maximizing the video quality, which can prolong the operational lifetime of the battery with minimum degradation in video quality.

基于H.264视频编码技术的研究

介绍和分析了H .2 6 4采用的新编码技术 ,诸如 1 /4和 1 /8像素精度运动估计 ,可变大小的图像分块 ,多参考帧 ,新的熵编码算法等 .新编码技术的采用使H .2 6 4的编码性能得到大幅提升 ;通过与H .2 6 3编码模型的实验性能对比测试 ,比较分析了H .2 6

H.264变换编码和量化算法的研究

H.264是ITU和ISO联合制定的新一代视频编码标准,在多方面做出了改进。H.264标准中采用了4×4块的整数变换编码算法,有效地降低了编解码的运算量,且不存在反变换的匹配误差,精度更高。该文详细分析了整数变换编码的构造原理和H.264标准中先后采用的两种整数变换编码算法,阐述了与变换编码相关的量化过程。实验结果证明新的整数变换编码算法能够有效地提高编解码系统的整体性能。

H.264/AVC先进视频编码研究

为了取得更高的图像压缩性能和更多的实用功能,ISO/IEC MPEG(运动图像专家组)和ITU-TVCEG(视频编码专家组)共同制订了一套新的视频编码标准H.264/AVC。介绍了H.264/AVC图像编解码系统的实现过程,对其采用的新技术进行了描述,最后将其与H.263和MPEG-4标准进行了性能对比。

H.264/AVC视频编码标准的技术特点及应用分析

H.264／AVC是ITU-T视频编码专家组和ISO／IEC运动图像专家组(MPEG)共同开发出来的最新视频编码标准,它具备许多新的技术特点,如:多模式运动预测、柔性宏块排序、整数变换、一致性变字长编码、内容自适应二进制算术编码、分层编码、错误约束机制、错误掩盖技术及高效的比特流切换技术等等。本文在阐述该标准系统层结构的基础上,分析其主要技术特点及H.264／AVC VBR码流特性,阐述该标准在IP网络及无线网络中的应用情况。

H.264/AVC码率控制现状与发展

作为视频通信中非常重要的关键技术之一,码率控制用于调整视频码流以满足带宽受限的条件,能够直接影响视频编码器输出码率的稳定性和保证视频质量。首先描述码率控制问题,给出码率控制算法的分类准则;然后对众多的H.264/先进视频编码(advanced video coding,AVC)码率控制算法根据应用目的进行具体描述;最后从适用标准和应用目的两个方面,详细指出码率控制技术今后的研究方向。

一种基于视频编码标准H.264的智能视频监控技术

提出并实现了一种基于H.264视频编码标准的智能视频监控系统。该系统引入一种新的运动检测方法,通过对监控图像的运动矢量及运动补偿后的残差能量进行综合分析,提出了对可疑场景的确认和报警方案,能够有效克服光线变化、背景局部轻微摆动及摄像头轻微抖动带来的影响,具有良好的灵敏度和鲁棒性。

基于方向梯度的H.264帧内预测模式选择算法

率失真优化(RDO)技术的应用大幅提高了H.264的编码性能,但全搜索方式下,每一宏块所有模式都要进行R-D代价计算,复杂度非常大.文中利用参考像素与当前块之间的方向梯度检测预测方向上的纹理方向与边缘强度,预先筛除部分方向梯度较大的预测模式,形成一种基于方向梯度的快速帧内预测模式选择算法,并利用预测模式的空间相关性采用最有可能模式替换直流模式作为缺省候选模式,改进了基本算法.对10个标准序列进行测试,两个算法应用在亮度分量帧内预测模式选择中均比JM18.0全搜索方式减少了50%以上的编码时间,且编码性能损失很小,保持峰值信噪比与JM全搜索方式相同时,基本算法码率平均上升2.361%,改进算法码率平均上升1.477%.

一种快速的H.264帧间模式选择算法

提出了一种新的快速帧间模式选择方法,该方法利用模式预截断和精确的大小模式判决等算法,快速地选出最优的模式.实验表明,该算法比全搜索算法和快速多块运动估计算法(FMBME)分别节省了80%和45%的运算量,而峰值信噪比(PSNR)和比特率性能几乎无下降.在对运动较小的序列编码时,该算法比大小模式分离算法节省了75%的运算量,同时PSNR提高了0.06 dB,比特率节省了3.7%.

基于H.264的快速运动估计算法

运动估计在视频编码中有着举足轻重的地位,其性能的优劣在很大程度上影响着输出码流的质量。为了克服视频编码标准H.264中运动估计运算量大的困难,在深入研究H.264编码标准的基础上,利用视频图像序列的帧间统计特性,提出了一种改进的非对称十字型多层次六边形格点搜索算法来搜索最佳运动矢量。实验结果表明,该算法对于各种运动序列,在保持编码性能不受损失的同时,可以使得运动估计的运算复杂度大为降低。

一种基于二维直方图的H.264/AVC快速帧内预测判决算法

最新的视频压缩标准H.264/AVC具有极高的压缩率,但由于其算法极其复杂,编码时间较长,无法达到实时应用的要求。该文针对其帧内预测算法的特点,提出了一种基于二维直方图的快速帧内预测算法。该算法在进行帧内预测之前先对宏块预判,从两种帧内预测模式中选择一种,从而减少了算法的复杂度,提高了压缩速度。实验结果表明,所提的算法在码率只有少许增加的情况下,编码速度提高了16.26%,PSNR值基本不变。